scholarly journals Exercise and Protein Intake: A Synergistic Approach against Sarcopenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Martone ◽  
Emanuele Marzetti ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Anna Picca ◽  
Matteo Tosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia, the age-dependent loss of muscle mass and function/strength, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in frail older people. As such, the skeletal muscle is a relevant target for interventions aimed at preventing or postponing the occurrence of negative health-related events in late life. The association among physical inactivity, insufficient intake of energy and protein, and poor muscle health in older adults suggests that physical exercise and targeted nutritional supplementation may offer substantial therapeutic gain against sarcopenia and its negative correlates. This view is supported by observational studies as well as by small-scale clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on the beneficial effects of behavioral interventions on sarcopenia. We also briefly describe how the knowledge gathered so far has been used to design the “Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multicomponenT Treatment strategies” (SPRINTT) project. The randomized clinical trial conducted within SPRINTT will provide robust evidence on the effectiveness of exercise and nutrition at preventing negative outcomes associated with sarcopenia and physical frailty.

scholarly journals Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)—A Condition Associated with Heightened Sympathetic Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4241
Author(s):  
Revathy Carnagarin ◽  
Kearney Tan ◽  
Leon Adams ◽  
Vance B. Matthews ◽  
Marcio G. Kiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting a quarter of the global population and is often associated with adverse health outcomes. The increasing prevalence of MAFLD occurs in parallel to that of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which in fact plays a major role in driving the perturbations of cardiometabolic homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of MAFLD are incompletely understood. Compelling evidence from animal and human studies suggest that heightened activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a key contributor to the development of MAFLD. Indeed, common treatment strategies for metabolic diseases such as diet and exercise to induce weight loss have been shown to exert their beneficial effects at least in part through the associated sympathetic inhibition. Furthermore, pharmacological and device-based approaches to reduce sympathetic activation have been demonstrated to improve the metabolic alterations frequently present in patients with obesity, MetSand diabetes. Currently available evidence, while still limited, suggests that sympathetic activation is of specific relevance in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and consequentially may offer an attractive therapeutic target to attenuate the adverse outcomes associated with MAFLD.

scholarly journals Physical frailty and sarcopenia: taking advantage of their commonalities

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Risk Condition ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Initiatives

Physical frailty and sarcopenia are two agerelated conditions indicated as key risk factors for incident disability and health-related negative events in the elderly. Nevertheless, to date, their clinical implementation is still limited, largely because of methodological ambiguities and disagreement about their operationalizations. In order to bypass the current stall-position in the field and try to identify an objective, standardized, and clinically relevant target for interventions, it might be hypothesized to redesign the limits of a pre-disability <em>physical</em> risk condition around the inner core shared by both physical frailty and sarcopenia. Thus, preliminary research initiatives [like the <em>sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people: multicomponent treatment strategies</em> (SPRINTT) project] are proposing to explore whether physical frailty (or poor physical performance) may represent the clinical manifestation of a specific biological substratum (<em>i.e</em>., low muscle mass) on which build up novel interventions against disability in the elderly.

scholarly journals The sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people: multi-component treatment strategies (SPRINTT) project: description and feasibility of a nutrition intervention in community-dwelling older Europeans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Jyväkorpi ◽  
◽  
A. Ramel ◽  
T. E. Strandberg ◽  
K. Piotrowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Older People ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Older Europeans

Abstract Background The “Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multicomponent Treatment Strategies” (SPRINTT) project sponsored a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the objective to determine the effect of physical activity and nutrition intervention for prevention of mobility disability in community-dwelling frail older Europeans. We describe here the design and feasibility of the SPRINTT nutrition intervention, including techniques used by nutrition interventionists to identify those at risk of malnutrition and to carry out the nutrition intervention. Methods SPRINTT RCT recruited older adults (≥ 70 years) from 11 European countries. Eligible participants (n = 1517) had functional limitations measured with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB score 3–9) and low muscle mass as determined by DXA scans, but were able to walk 400 m without assistance within 15 min. Participants were followed up for up to 3 years. The nutrition intervention was carried out mainly by individual nutrition counseling. Nutrition goals included achieving a daily protein intake of 1.0–1.2 g/kg body weight, energy intake of 25–30 kcal/kg of body weight/day, and serum vitamin D concentration ≥ 75 mmol/L. Survey on the method strategies and feasibility of the nutrition intervention was sent to all nutrition interventionists of the 16 SPRINTT study sites. Results Nutrition interventionists from all study sites responded to the survey. All responders found that the SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible for the target population, and it was well received by the majority. The identification of participants at nutritional risk was accomplished by combining information from interviews, questionnaires, clinical and laboratory data. Although the nutrition intervention was mainly carried out using individual nutritional counselling, other assisting methods were used as appropriate. Conclusion The SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible and able to adapt flexibly to varying needs of this heterogeneous population. The procedures adopted to identify older adults at risk of malnutrition and to design the appropriate intervention may serve as a model to deliver nutrition intervention for community-dwelling older people with mobility limitations.

Health related management practices at pig farms of north east India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JB RAJESH ◽  
S RAJKHOWA ◽  
U DIMRI ◽  
H PRASAD ◽  
GE CHETHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North East ◽  
Health Related

A survey has been conducted among the pig farmers in rural areas of all north east hill states of India about the management practices they are following for the better income from swine farming. Parameters studied are mainly managemental practices like housing system, feed supplementation, deworming, vaccination and treatment strategies. As per the present study findings, the intensive housing system was followed by 56.22% of farms, 73.09% of animals were supplemented with nutritional supplements with either iron, minerals and vitamins or both Deworming and vaccination practices were followed in 52.61% and 54.22% of the animals, respectively. About 23.69% of the total animals were treated with antibiotics at one or the other time. The findings of the present study stresses the need of improvement in the health related managemental practices which can play a vital role in controlling the disease outbreaks and can improve the economic status of small scale pig farmers.

Diabetes and Heart Failure: Is it Hyperglycemia or Hyperinsulinemia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triantafyllos Didangelos ◽  
Konstantinos Kantartzis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The cardiac effects of exogenously administered insulin for the treatment of diabetes (DM) have recently attracted much attention. In particular, it has been questioned whether insulin is the appropriate treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. While several old and some new studies suggested that insulin treatment has beneficial effects on the heart, recent observational studies indicate associations of insulin treatment with an increased risk of developing or worsening of pre-existing heart failure and higher mortality rates. However, there is actually little evidence that the associations of insulin administration with any adverse outcomes are causal. On the other hand, insulin clearly causes weight gain and may also cause serious episodes of hypoglycemia. Moreover, excess of insulin (hyperinsulinemia), as often seen with the use of injected insulin, seems to predispose to inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that most of the data concerning the effects of insulin on cardiac function derive from in vitro studies with isolated animal hearts. Therefore, the relevance of the findings of such studies for humans should be considered with caution. In the present review, we summarize the existing data about the potential positive and negative effects of insulin on the heart and attempt to answer the question whether any adverse effects of insulin or the consequences of hyperglycemia are more important and may provide a better explanation of the close association of DM with heart failure.

Understanding Motivating Operations and the Impact on the Function of Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Doris Adams Hill ◽  
Theoni Mantzoros ◽  
Jonté C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Motivating Operations ◽  
Behavior Intervention Plans ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Special Education Professionals ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Special educators are often considered the experts in their school when it comes to developing functional behavior assessments (FBA) and behavior intervention plans (BIP), yet rarely are they trained much beyond basic antecedents, behaviors, and consequences (ABC). This column discusses concepts that will expand special education professionals’ knowledge to make better decisions regarding interventions for the students they serve. Specifically, the focus is on motivating operations (MO) and function-based interventions and the implications of these on behavior. Knowledge of the concept of MOs can enhance a teacher’s ability to provide evidence-based interventions and more fully developed behavioral interventions for students in their purview.

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