scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Reduce the Unicast Bandwidth of an IPTV System in a High-Speed Access Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hassane Khabbiza ◽  
Rachid El Alami ◽  
Hassan Qjidaa
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Channel Change ◽  
Set Top Box ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Assisted Delivery ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Internet Protocol Television ◽  
Unicast Traffic ◽  
Pass Through

Channel change time is a critical quality of experience (QOE) metric for IP-based video delivery systems such as Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). An interesting channel change acceleration scheme based on peer-assisted delivery was recently proposed, which consists of deploying one FCC server (Fast Channel Change Server) in the IP backbone in order to send the unicast stream to the STB (Set-Top Box) before sending the normal multicast stream after each channel change. However, deploying such a solution will cause high bandwidth usage in the network because of the huge unicast traffic sent by the FCC server to the STBs. In this paper, we propose a new solution to reduce the bandwidth occupancy of the unicast traffic, by deploying the FCC server capabilities on the user STB. This means that, after each channel change request, the STB will receive the unicast traffic from another STB instead of the central server. By using this method, the unicast traffic will not pass through the IP network; it will be a peer-to-peer communication via the Access Network only. Extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the robustness of our new solution.

scholarly journals Peer-Assisted Content Delivery to Reduce the Bandwidth of TSTV Service in IPTV System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hassane Khabbiza ◽  
Rachid El Alami ◽  
Hassan Qjidaa
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Service Load ◽  
Internet Protocol Television ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Service Fulfillment

With great technologies, emerge new needs and requirements. The progress achieved in Access broadband rates accentuated the demand on IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) services specially Video on Demand (VOD) and Time Shift TV (TSTV) which led subsequently to a great need for efficiency in the use of bandwidth consumed by those services. Optimization solutions are considered by IPTV service providers to lighten the service load especially on Access Nodes uplinks. This paper describes an optimization of TSTV dedicated bandwidth based on a peer-assisting TSTV content delivery, a solution in which the users STBs (set-top-boxes) assist the central TSTV servers in the service fulfillment. For this purpose, for each TSTV request, the STB will be receiving the TSTV stream from a neighbor STB instead of the central server. By using this method, the unicast traffic will not pass through the IP network; it will be a peer-to-peer communication within the access network. Extensive simulation results were included to illustrate the validity of the proposed new solution.

Scalable Active Optical Access Network Using Variable High-Speed PLZT Optical Switch/Splitter

2012 ◽  
Vol E95-B (3) ◽  
pp. 730-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunitaka ASHIZAWA ◽  
Takehiro SATO ◽  
Kazumasa TOKUHASHI ◽  
Daisuke ISHII ◽  
Satoru OKAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Optical Access Network

scholarly journals Tracking by Deblatting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Rozumnyi ◽  
Jan Kotera ◽  
Filip Šroubek ◽  
Jiří Matas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Trajectory Function ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Blind Deblurring ◽  
Object Trajectories ◽  
Complex Trajectories

AbstractObjects moving at high speed along complex trajectories often appear in videos, especially videos of sports. Such objects travel a considerable distance during exposure time of a single frame, and therefore, their position in the frame is not well defined. They appear as semi-transparent streaks due to the motion blur and cannot be reliably tracked by general trackers. We propose a novel approach called Tracking by Deblatting based on the observation that motion blur is directly related to the intra-frame trajectory of an object. Blur is estimated by solving two intertwined inverse problems, blind deblurring and image matting, which we call deblatting. By postprocessing, non-causal Tracking by Deblatting estimates continuous, complete, and accurate object trajectories for the whole sequence. Tracked objects are precisely localized with higher temporal resolution than by conventional trackers. Energy minimization by dynamic programming is used to detect abrupt changes of motion, called bounces. High-order polynomials are then fitted to smooth trajectory segments between bounces. The output is a continuous trajectory function that assigns location for every real-valued time stamp from zero to the number of frames. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on a newly created dataset of videos from a high-speed camera using a novel Trajectory-IoU metric that generalizes the traditional Intersection over Union and measures the accuracy of the intra-frame trajectory. The proposed method outperforms the baselines both in recall and trajectory accuracy. Additionally, we show that from the trajectory function precise physical calculations are possible, such as radius, gravity, and sub-frame object velocity. Velocity estimation is compared to the high-speed camera measurements and radars. Results show high performance of the proposed method in terms of Trajectory-IoU, recall, and velocity estimation.

scholarly journals NanoLEDs for energy-efficient and gigahertz-speed spike-based sub-λ neuromorphic nanophotonic computing

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 4149-4162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Romeira ◽  
José M. L. Figueiredo ◽  
Julien Javaloyes
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Optical Computing ◽  
Differential Conductance ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Electrical Modulation ◽  
High Bandwidth

AbstractEvent-activated biological-inspired subwavelength (sub-λ) photonic neural networks are of key importance for future energy-efficient and high-bandwidth artificial intelligence systems. However, a miniaturized light-emitting nanosource for spike-based operation of interest for neuromorphic optical computing is still lacking. In this work, we propose and theoretically analyze a novel nanoscale nanophotonic neuron circuit. It is formed by a quantum resonant tunneling (QRT) nanostructure monolithic integrated into a sub-λ metal-cavity nanolight-emitting diode (nanoLED). The resulting optical nanosource displays a negative differential conductance which controls the all-or-nothing optical spiking response of the nanoLED. Here we demonstrate efficient activation of the spiking response via high-speed nonlinear electrical modulation of the nanoLED. A model that combines the dynamical equations of the circuit which considers the nonlinear voltage-controlled current characteristic, and rate equations that takes into account the Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission, is used to provide a theoretical framework to investigate the optical spiking dynamic properties of the neuromorphic nanoLED. We show inhibitory- and excitatory-like optical spikes at multi-gigahertz speeds can be achieved upon receiving exceptionally low (sub-10 mV) synaptic-like electrical activation signals, lower than biological voltages of 100 mV, and with remarkably low energy consumption, in the range of 10–100 fJ per emitted spike. Importantly, the energy per spike is roughly constant and almost independent of the incoming modulating frequency signal, which is markedly different from conventional current modulation schemes. This method of spike generation in neuromorphic nanoLED devices paves the way for sub-λ incoherent neural elements for fast and efficient asynchronous neural computation in photonic spiking neural networks.

The Role of Porous Media in Homogenization of High Pressure Diesel Fuel Spray Combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Shahangian ◽  
Damon Honnery ◽  
Jamil Ghojel
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
The Media

Interest is growing in the benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to the development of a homogenous charge-like environment through the use of porous media. The primary purpose of the media is to enhance the spread as well as the evaporation process of the high pressure fuel spray to achieve charge homogenization. In this paper, we show through high speed visualizations of both cold and hot spray events, how porous media interactions can give rise to greater fuel air mixing and what role system pressure and temperature plays in further enhancing this process.

A Fiber Optic Probe for Gas Total Temperature Measurement in Turbomachinery

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Kidd ◽  
J. S. Barton ◽  
P. Meredith ◽  
J. D. C. Jones ◽  
M. A. Cherrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fiber Optic Probe ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Unsteady Temperature ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
New Type ◽  
Total Temperature ◽  
Optic Probe

This paper describes the design, operation, construction, and demonstration of a new type of high-bandwidth unsteady temperature sensor based on fiber optics, and capable of operating in a high-speed multistage research compressor with flow representative of jet engine conditions. The sensing element is an optical coating of zinc selenide deposited on the end of an optical fiber. During evaluation in aerodynamic testing, a 1 K gas temperature resolution was demonstrated at 9.6 kHz and an upper bandwidth limit of 36 kHz achieved.

Gliding Flight of the White-Backed Vulture Gyps Africanus

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. PENNYCUICK
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
The Body ◽  
East African ◽  
Induced Drag ◽  
Gliding Flight ◽  
Vertical Speed ◽  
Statistical Sense ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Comparison Measurements

1. Glide-comparison measurements were made on ten species of East African soaring birds using a Schleicher ASK-14 powered sailplane. Horizontal and vertical speed differences between bird and glider were measured by a photographic method, and used to estimate the bird's horizontal and vertical speeds relative to the air. The analysis refers to the white-backed vulture, since by far the largest number of measurements was obtained on this species. 2. A regression analysis using a two-term approximation to the glide polar yielded an implausibly high estimate of induced drag, which was attributed to a lack of observations at lift coefficients above 0.72. An amended glide polar was constructed assuming elliptical lift distribution and a maximum lift coefficient of 1.6 to define the low-speed end, while the high-speed end was made to pass through the mean horizontal and sinking speeds of all the experimental points. This curve gave a minimum sinking speed of 0.76 m/s at a forward speed of 10 m/s, and a best glide ratio of 15.3:1 at 13 m/s. It did not differ significantly (in the statistical sense) from the original regression curve. 3. In comparing the estimated circling performance, based on the amended glide polar, with that of the ASK-14, it was concluded that the rates of sink of both should be comparable, but that the glider would require thermals with radii about 4.3 times as great as those needed to sustain the birds. The conclusions are consistent with experience of soaring in company with birds. 4. In an attempt to assess the adaptive significance of the low-aspect-ratio wings of birds specializing in thermal soaring, the white-backed vulture's circling performance was compared with that of an ‘albatross-shaped vulture’, an imaginary creature having the same mass as a white-backed vulture, combined with the body proportions of a wandering albatross. It appears that the real white-back would be at an advantage when trying to remain airborne in thermals with radii between 14 and 17 m, but that the albatross-shaped vulture would climb faster in all wider thermals; on account of its much better maximum glide ratio, it should also achieve higher cross-country speeds. It is concluded that the wing shape seen in vultures and storks is not an adaptation to thermal soaring as such, but is more probably a compromise dictated by take-off and landing requirements. 5. The doubts recently expressed by Tucker & Parrott (1970) about the results and conclusions of Raspet (1950a, b; 1960) are re-inforced by the present experience.

A 25 Gbps VCSEL driving ASIC: an attempt for ultra-high-speed front-end readout applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01040
Author(s):  
C. Zhao ◽  
D. Guo ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
N. Fang ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
Optical Links ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Output Driver ◽  
Very High

Abstract This paper presents the design and the test results of a 25 Gbps VCSEL driving ASIC fabricated in a 55 nm CMOS technology as an attempt for the future very high-speed optical links. The VCSEL driving ASIC is composed of an input equalizer stage, a pre-driver stage and a novel output driver stage. To achieve high bandwidth, the pre-driver stage combines the inductor-shared peaking structure and the active-feedback technique. A novel output driver stage uses the pseudo differential CML driver structure and the adjustable FFE pre-emphasis technique to improve the bandwidth. This VCSEL driver has been integrated in a customized optical module with a VCSEL array. Both the electrical function and optical performance have been fully evaluated. The output optical eye diagram has passed the eye mask test at the data rate of 25 Gbps. The peak-to-peak jitter of 25 Gbps optical eye is 19.5 ps and the RMS jitter is 2.9 ps.

Practicality Assessment of a Frugal Nanoparticle Generator: Opening doors to Nano Pharmaceuticals for the researchers and students of underprivileged academic institutions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swayamprakash Patel ◽  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Mruduka Patel ◽  
Umang Shah ◽  
Mehul Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment

Background: Probe sonication and High-speed homogenizer are comparatively costly equipment to fabricate the nanoparticles. Many academic and research institutions cannot afford the procurement and maintenance of such sophisticated equipment. In the present work, a newer idea is conceptualized, which can be adopted by the underprivileged research institutions to fabricate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in the absence of sophisticated equipment. The current work describes the pilot-level trials of this novel approach. This study represents the preliminary proof-of-concept trials for which the Indian patent application (3508/MUM/2015) is filed. Method: A frugal piece of equipment was made using a 50 ml centrifuge tube with conical bottom and a piezoelectric mist maker or humidifier. SLNs were prepared by combining the quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation approach and ultrasonic vibration approach. A quasi-emulsion was composed by the dropwise mixing of the organic solvent containing drug & lipid with an aqueous solution containing surfactant under continuous ultrasonic vibration in the piezoelectric chamber. The size of the droplets was significantly reduced due to piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration. Under the provision of mild vacuum and heat generated by vibration, the organic solvent was evaporated, which leaves behind a suspension of SLN. In the present work, albendazole was selected as a model drug. Various trials with Compritol 888 ATO® and Precirol ATO 5® as a lipid carrier and Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 as a surfactant were performed. Zeta potential of SLNs was improved by the addition of polyelectrolytes like K2SO4 and Na4P2O7. Result and Conclusion: The ratio of drug to lipid was optimized to 1:4 for the most favorable results. SLN with a minimum Z-average diameter of 98.59 nm, -21 mV zeta potential, and 34.064 % (SD 10.78, n=9) entrapment efficiency were developed using the Precirol ATO 5 ® as a lipid carrier. The proof of concept for this novel approach is established through the development of Albendazole SLNs. This approach must also be evaluated for the development of polymeric nanoparticles and vesicular formulations. The further sophistication of the frugal equipment may allow more control over the quality of SLN. This approach will enable underprivileged researchers to prepare Nanopharmaceuticals. Researchers and students of such institutions can focus on the application of SLN by resolving the constraint of sophisticated equipment with this novel approach. This novel approach should also be tried for polymeric and vesicular nanopharmaceuticals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document