scholarly journals Thyroid Dysfunction in Non-Interferon Treated Hepatitis C Patients Residing in Hepatitis Endemic Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayab Batool ◽  
Shan Elahi ◽  
Nazish Saleem ◽  
Abrar Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Function Testing ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Function Testing

Background. Association of thyroid dysfunction (TD) with interferon treatment of HCV is well known to clinicians. However, a few studies have highlighted the role of hepatitis C virus per se in the development of TD. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of TD in non-interferon treated HCV infected patients referred for thyroid function testing.Patients and Methods. Among 557 ELISA-positive HCV patients 446 (341 females, 105 males) were selected for this study. Serums FT4, FT3, and TSH were determined by radioimmunoassay method.Results. TD was detected in 15.2% of patients: 9.0% hypothyroidism and 6.3% hyperthyroidism. In increasing order subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism were found in 4.7%, 4.3%, 3.6%, and 2.7% patients, respectively. Overall TD was more common in female than in male HCV patients but the difference was not significant (16.1% versus 12.4%;p=0.648). Hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were slightly more common in female and overall hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism in male patients but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The incidence of TD was relatively high in patients above 36 years (median age) but the difference was not statistically significant either collectively or in gender base groups (p>0.05).Conclusion. Prior to interferon treatment, HCV infection itself causes biochemical thyroid dysfunction in 15.2% of local HCV patients.

scholarly journals Changes in the prevalence of hypothyroidism: the HUNT Study in Norway

2013 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Lars J Vatten ◽  
Trine Bjøro
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
Thyroid Function Testing ◽  
Hunt Study ◽  
Function Testing ◽  
Levothyroxine Treatment

ObjectiveUntreated hypothyroidism is common in iodine-replete areas. Frequent thyroid function testing and use of levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism suggest that the prevalence may have decreased. Therefore, in this study, we examined changes in the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a Norwegian county from 1995–1997 to 2006–2008.DesignPopulation surveys of 33 917 individuals in 1995–1997 and 49 180 individuals in 2006–2008 were carried out.MethodsWe compared the prevalence of untreated overt, untreated subclinical, and treated hypothyroidism between 1995–1997 and 2006–2008.ResultsThe prevalence of untreated overt hypothyroidism among women decreased by 84% from 1995–1997 (0.75%) to 2006–2008 (0.12%) (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.16; 95% CI 0.10–0.26). The corresponding decrease among men was 43% from 0.21 to 0.12% (PR 0.57; 95% CI 0.28–1.16). The prevalence of untreated subclinical hypothyroidism decreased by 64% from 3.0 to 1.1% in women (PR 0.36; 95% CI 0.31–0.42) and decreased by 54% from 2.1 to 1.0% in men (PR 0.46; 95% CI 0.38–0.56). Conversely, the prevalence of treated hypothyroidism among women increased by 60% from 5.0 to 8.0% (PR 1.60, 95% CI 1.50–1.71), and the corresponding prevalence in men doubled from 1.0 to 2.0% (PR 1.96; 95% CI 1.59–2.41). The prevalence of any form of hypothyroidism remained essentially similar at 9% in women and 3% in men.ConclusionsThe prevalence of untreated hypothyroidism in this Norwegian county decreased strongly from 1995–1997 to 2006–2008. The findings suggest that the prevalence of untreated hypothyroidism in populations with easy access to thyroid function testing and levothyroxine treatment may now be low.

Thyroid disease during pregnancy

2011 ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Lazarus ◽  
L.D. Kuvera ◽  
E. Premawardhana
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Thyroid Function Testing ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Function Testing ◽  
In Pregnancy

Thyroid disorders are common. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism is around 5/1000 in women and overt hypothyroidism about 3/1000 in women. Subclinical hypothyroidism has a prevalence in women of childbearing age in iodine-sufficient areas of between 4% and 8%. As these conditions are generally much more common in females, it is to be expected that they will appear during pregnancy. Developments in our understanding of thyroid physiology (1) and immunology (2) in pregnancy, as well as improvements in thyroid function testing (3), have highlighted the importance of recognizing and providing appropriate therapy to women with gestational thyroid disorders. Before considering the clinical entities occurring during and after pregnancy it is useful to briefly review thyroid physiology and immunology in relation to pregnancy.

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

scholarly journals Gormony zhirovoy tkani i funktsional'nayaaktivnost' shchitovidnoy zhelezy

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Petunina ◽  
N E Al'tshuler ◽  
N G Rakova ◽  
L V Trukhina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Hormones

The review presents a recent data from the literature on the physiologic and pathophysiologic role of adipose tissue hormones (adiponectin, resistin, leptin). The article details the role of adipocytokines in atherogenesis. It also presents the results of studies depicting the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance as well as the impact of thyroid dysfunction upon the secretion of adipocytokines.

scholarly journals Assessment of gonadal functions in women with subclinical hypothyroidism in western Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Manish Srivastav ◽  
Alankar Tiwari ◽  
Nihit Kharkwal ◽  
Keshav Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
P Value ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Healthy Females

Background: In females, hypothyroidism can cause menstrual disturbances mainly oligomenorrhea. Thyroid dysfunction has also been linked to reduced fertility and pregnancy complications. Several studies have been done to evaluate gonadal dysfunctions in overt hypothyroidism but very few studies are there regarding subclinical hypothyroidism. Present study evaluates the gonadal functions of women with subclinical hypothyroidism.Methods: Total 20 females of age 18 to 35 years with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism were taken as cases and 20 age and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy females were taken as controls. Both in cases and controls, basal FSH, LH, estradiol were measured on 3rd or 4th day of menstrual cycle at 8 AM on fasting. Thereafter Leuprolide 20 mcg/kg was given subcutaneously on the same day. One hour after injection, LH and estradiol were measured. Basal and stimulated values were compared between both groups.Results: Basal LH was significantly higher in controls (6.63±2.38 m IU/ml) when compared to cases (6.06±2.10 m IU) with a p value 0.01 (<0.05). No significant differences were found between stimulated LH and estradiol in both the groups.Conclusions: In mild thyroidal failure the response of pituitary gonadotrophs to leuprolide is normal in contrast to overt hypothyroidism where the response is sluggish. This is the first study to be done in subclinical hypothyroid subjects to asses both basal and stimulated gonadotropin levels. Further studies are required in large samples to confirm these findings.

False-Positive Titers of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis?

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2153-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljerka Lukinac ◽  
Zvonko Kusic ◽  
Petar Kes
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thyroid Function Testing ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Function Testing

Abstract Concentrations of thyroid-related hormones in serum of patients with chronic renal failure are known to be abnormal (1, 2). In our study on thyroid-function testing of patients undergoing hemodialysis, we determined, in addition to concentrations of free and total triiodothyronine, free and total thyroxin, “reverse” triiodothyronine, and thyroxin-binding globulin, the titers of thyroglobulin and microsomal autoantibodies (TGA and TMA, respectively). The study was provoked by the appearance of an uncommon agglutination pattern in the control wells of some samples from patients with chronic renal failure during the standard procedures of detecting TGA and TMA with hemagglutination methods (Thymune-T and Thymune-M assays from Welcome, London, U.K.). For these samples we were not certain whether positive titers for TGA and (or) TMA represented false-positive or true-positive values. Therefore, we assayed the absorbed serum samples and samples after addition of excess nonspecific immunoglobulin. Furthermore, we wanted to determine the difference in TGA and TMA titers of serum samples before and after hemodialysis.

Hepatitis C virus: The role of molecular mimicry in response to interferon treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1571-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samra Uzicanin ◽  
Yu-Wen Hu ◽  
Husam Alsousi ◽  
Martin Pelchat ◽  
Lynda Rocheleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Interferon Treatment

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Patient with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Babak Pezeshki ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Aliasghar Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
T Test ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by an elevated Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) with a normal T4. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in patients SCH is high. Some studies suggested that Vitamin D supplements could be reduced serum concentration of TSH so improve SCH and prevent overt hypothyroidism. This study aims to explore the effect of vitamin D replacement on subclinical hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: Fifty-nine patients, diagnosed with both subclinical hypothyroidism and Vitamin D deficiency by the Endocrinology outpatient clinics between January 2018 and March 2019, were included in this trial. The patients with overt hypothyroidism, cardiovascular risk factors, or positive TPO antibody, abnormal T4, and pregnant women were excluded from this study. The 40 subjects were investigated who received vitamin D supplements for two months.  Analyses were conducted through paired-samples t-test and independent-samples t-test using SPSS 24 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results: The mean serum levels of TSH was decreased from 6.89 mIU/l in the pre-test to 3.34 mIU/l in the post-test, and the difference was found to be statistically significant at P<0.001. Conclusion: We found that the TSH mean level significantly dropped through the use of vitamin D supplements. Thus, it is recommended that all the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism be screened and treated with vitamin D supplements. [GMJ.2020;9:e1592]

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid disorders among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Pragya Shree ◽  
Vaibhav Kanti ◽  
Kalpana Kumari ◽  
Rajeev Suchdeva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Maternal Weight

Background: Hormonal changes and metabolic demands during pregnancy result in profound alterations in the biochemical parameters of thyroid function. Screening for thyroid disorders and initiation of its management at the earliest stage during first trimester is essential as maternal thyroid failure during the first half of pregnancy has been associated with several pregnancy complications and intellectual impairment in offspring. Aim was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction during the first and second trimester of pregnancy among women of Rajasthan state in India.Methods: The study comprised a cohort of 313 consecutive pregnant women in the first and second trimester that attended the OPD and were admitted as pregnant women in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and free T4 (fT4) were estimated. The subjects were grouped into six groups based on the value of serum TSH and fT4.Results: Out of 313 antenatal women enrolled in the study, 213 (68%) attended antenatal clinic in first trimester of pregnancy and 100 (32%) women in their second trimester. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 15.97% (overt hypothyroidism 1.28%, subclinical hypothyroidism 4.79%, isolated hypothyroxinemia 4.47%, overt hyperthyroidism 1.92%, and subclinical hyperthyroidism 3.51%). The women with overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were older than euthyroid women. Maternal weight was high in pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism (58.22±6.18 kg) and subclinical hypothyroidism (52.04±2.94 kg). Gravid status was high in pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia, but low in hyperthyroid group. History of miscarriage was high in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusions: With this study, it was concluded that there is high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy predominantly in rural population of Rajasthan. Majority among these being subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia.

scholarly journals Association between the type of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and prognosis in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-sang Baek ◽  
Chaiho Jeong ◽  
Kabsoo Shin ◽  
Jaejun Lee ◽  
Dong-Jun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Hazard

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause thyroid immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). However, associations between each type of thyroid immune-related adverse effect (irAE) and the anti-tumor effect of ICI remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of each type of thyroid dysfunction on patient survival. Methods Patients who initiated ICI treatment from January 2015 to December 2019 in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Thyroid dysfunction was classified into four types: newly developed overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, worsened hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of thyroid dysfunction. Results Among the 196 patients, 66 (33.7%) developed thyroid irAEs. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or cancer type between the two groups. The overall survival in patients with thyroid irAEs was significantly higher than that in patients without thyroid irAEs (38 months vs. 13 months, respectively, p = 0.005). After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio for mortality in the thyroid irAE group compared to the no thyroid irAE group was 0.520 (p = 0.007). Newly developed overt or subclinical hypothyroidism patients showed a significantly lower hazard ratio for morbidity of 0.309 (p = 0.001). Patients with thyrotoxicosis showed a worse hazard ratio for morbidity than those without thyroid irAE, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions It was verified that ICI treatment-induced thyroid dysfunction was associated with better survival, even in the real-world practice. Thus, endocrinologists should cooperate with oncologists to monitor patients treated with ICIs.

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