scholarly journals Novel Synthetic Monothiourea Aspirin Derivatives Bearing Alkylated Amines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norsyafikah Asyilla Nordin ◽  
Tchan Wei Chai ◽  
Bee Ling Tan ◽  
Ching Liang Choi ◽  
Ainaa Nadiah Abd Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Relative Inhibition ◽  
C Nmr

A new series of aspirin bearing alkylated amines moieties 1–12 were synthesised by reacting isothiocyanate with a series of aniline derivatives in overall yield of 16–56%. The proposed structures of all the synthesised compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1H and  13C NMR spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus via turbidimetric kinetic and Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Compound 5 bearing meta -CH3 substituent showed the highest relative inhibition zone diameter against tested bacteria compared to ortho and para substituent. Furthermore, aspirin derivatives bearing shorter chains exhibited better bacterial inhibition than longer alkyl chains.

scholarly journals Frequency of Detection ofEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp., andCampylobacterspp. in the Faeces of Wild Rats (Rattusspp.) in Trinidad and Tobago

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comfort Nkogwe ◽  
Juliah Raletobana ◽  
Alva Stewart-Johnson ◽  
Sharianne Suepaul ◽  
Abiodun Adesiyun
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
O157 Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wild Rats

The study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation ofSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157 in the faecal samples of rats trapped across the regional corporations in Trinidad and to assess their resistance to antimicrobial agents. A total of 204 rats were trapped for the detection of selected bacteria. Standard methods were used to isolateSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157. Characterization ofE. coliwas done on sorbitol MacConkey agar to determine non-sorbitol fermentation, blood agar to determine haemolytic and mucoid colonies and by usingE. coliO157 antiserum to determine O157 strain. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to nine antimicrobial agents. Of the 204 rats, 4 (2.0%), 7 (3.4%) and 171 (83.8%) were positive forSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacterspp. andE. coli, respectively. Of the 171 isolates ofE. colitested 0 (0.0%), 25 (14.6%) and 19 (11.1%) were haemolytic, mucoid and non-sorbitol fermenters, respectively. All isolates were negative for the O157 strain. The frequency of resistance to the 9 antimicrobial agents tested was 75% (3 of 4) forSalmonella, 85.7% (6 of 7) ofCampylobacterspp. and 36.3% (62 of 171) forE. coli(;χ2).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
K. F. Chah ◽  
S. C. Okafor ◽  
S. I. Oboegbulem
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6%  66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YANG DIISOLASI DARI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL FERMENTASI KHAS BATAK “NANIURA”

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Aloysius Aloysius ◽  
Anjurniza Ulfa ◽  
Anggita Kasih Fianti Situmorang ◽  
Harmileni Harmileni ◽  
Edy Fachrial
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Potential Source

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could be isolated from various fermented food products. One potential source of LAB is traditional fermented food. The aim of the study was to isolate and investigate antimicrobial activity of LAB isolated from traditional Batak food, “naniura”. The LAB isolates were characterized by Gram staining, fermentation type and catalase test. The investigation of antimicrobial activity of LAB against pathogenic bacteria were conducted using disc diffusion method. The results showed that 6 isolates of BAL were successfully isolated namely BN1, BN2, BN3, BN4, BN5 and BN6 had characteristics of Gram positive, rod shaped and catalase negative. All selected isolate have heterofermentation type. Four isolates (BN1, BN2, BN5 and BN6) were able to inhibit S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 6,9 to 12,3 cm. Based on the result, it was concluded that LAB isolated from naniura has potential as a source of probiotics.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of Protein Extracts From Andrographis Paniculata, Tinospora Crispa and Centella Asiatica

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Hasniza Zin ◽  
Nurul Fatihah Ahmad ◽  
Noraslinda Muhamad Bunnori ◽  
Widya Abdul Wahab ◽  
Normah Haron
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
New Antibiotics

Introduction: Andrographis paniculata, Tinospora crispa and Centella asiatica are known to have various pharmacological functions. This research was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activities of protein extracts from A. paniculata, T. crispa and C. asiatica. Methods: Total soluble proteins from these herbs were extracted using a modified TCA/acetone method. The protein extracts were then quantified using the Bradford assay and separated using SDS-PAGE. The antibacterial activities were determined by disc diffusion method. Results: T. crispa had a significantly higher amount of proteins (83.86 ± 0.4 µg/µl) compared to A. paniculata (81.57 ± 0.4 µg/µl) and C. asiatica (78.93 ± 0.5 µg/µl). The proteins separated by SDS-PAGE were ranged from 30kDa to 260kDa, 25kDa to 110kDa and 25kDa to 160kDa for A. paniculata, T. crispa and C. Asiatic, respectively. The high abundance proteins were observed in A. paniculata and T. crispa but not in C. asitica. Protein extracts from C. asiatica have demonstrated antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria with the diameter of inhibition zone of 11.0 ± 0.5 mm, 12.3 ± 0.6 mm, 10.7 ± 0.7 mm and 20.0 ± 0.8 mm against B. cereus, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and S. typhimurium respectively. Meanwhile, protein extracts of A. paniculata showed a positive antibacterial activity only against B.cereus (13.7 ± 0.4 mm), S. aureus (7.0 ± 0.8 mm) and S. typhimurium (11.5 ± 0.3 mm). Protein extracts from T. crispa only showed a positive antibacterial activity against B. cereus (9.7 ± 0.5 mm). Conclusions: There is a constant need in the discovery of new antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Russia-made Mueller–Hinton agar: compliance with contemporary requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
L. V. Domotenko ◽  
I. S. Kosilova ◽  
A. P. Shepelin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

At present, a rise of antimicrobial resistance requires that susceptibility of infectious agents to antimicrobial agents could be accurately evaluated as related errors may lead to selecting improper therapeutics provoking spread of drug resistance. Pathogen sensitivity to antimicrobial agents is commonly determined by a disc diffusion method. A quality of nutrient medium used in assays plays a crucial role influencing final results. In Russia, it turned out that regulatory documents such as the nationwide guidelines and clinical recommendations outlining methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing underlay availability in domestic market few nutrient media, including Mueller–Hinton Agar, AGV medium etc. exhibiting sometimes unsatisfactory quality. To harmonize such methodology with international requirements, theStateResearchCenterfor Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology has developed a technology and promoted manufacture of Russia-made Mueller–Hinton agar satisfying requirements of EUCAST documents, clinical guidelines, and ISO/TS 16782:2016. The main objective of this study was to compare quality of new agar product with five similar foreign media while examining 11 test strains by disc diffusion method. As a result, some of nutrient media available to the Russian market turned out to be off-standard: not all of them satisfy to the EUCAST requirements and clinical guidelines since diameter distribution for growth inhibition recommended by EUCAST for quality control does not fit into permissible range. Moreover, susceptibility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, Meropenem, as well as S. aureus ATSS 25923 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 to tigecycline was assessed with certain mistakes. The data obtained by us were analyzed in accordance to the new document ISO/TS 16782:2016 “Clinical laboratory testing — criterion for acceptable lots of dehydrated Mueller–Hinton agar and broth for antimicrobial susceptibility testing”, not approved yet In Russia. To determine potential reason for deviation of data from reference range, we measured concentration of bivalent metals in all nutrient media examined by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. We determined new patterns affecting reliability of results on microbial antibiotic susceptibility. A need to check intralaboratory quality control of nutrient media was emphasized.  

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Piperine Analogues Containing 1,2,4-Triazole Ring

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080
Author(s):  
Kottakki Naveen Kumar ◽  
Karteek Rao Amperayani ◽  
V. Ravi Sankar Ummdi ◽  
Uma Devi Parimi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Triazole Ring ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms

A series 1,2,4-triazole piperine analogues (TP1-TP6) were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Antibacterial study was done using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative micro-organisms (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. Compound containing chloro substitution (TP6) showed the highest effect, while compound TP1, TP3, TP4, TP5 showed the moderate activity.

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Tinospora crispa (putarwali) STEMS METHANOLIC EXTRACT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimatul Akmal Sulaiman ◽  
Nurfarahin Fuad ◽  
Farawahida Rahman ◽  
Anwar Iqbal ◽  
Deny Susanti Darnis
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Dried Extract

Apart from being the primary source of food to other living things, plants also have medicinal value to treat various kinds of diseases. In recent years, it has been proposed that the extract from plants may be used as natural antioxidants which can help to prevent the generation of carcinogens in human body. In addition, plants also have antimicrobial agents to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Tinospora crispa stems extracted using soxhlet extraction method. The antimicrobial properties of T. crispa stems extract were tested using disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans IMR C S23/11 A and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IMR S 617/068. The antioxidant properties of the extract were investigated by using Total Phenolics Content (TPC), Total Flavonoids Content (TFC), DPPH free radical scavenging and b–carotene bleaching assays.  The TPC value was 6.12 g GAE/100 g of dried extract while the TFC value was 55.58 g QE/100 g of dried extract. The IC50 of DPPH scavenging assay for the extract and ascorbic acid were 0.21 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. The average percentage of b–carotene bleaching assay was 38.3 % as compared to BHT, which was 45.1%.  The disc diffusion method showed no inhibition zone against all the strains of microorganisms at all concentrations of the extracts (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/disc). 

scholarly journals Synthesis of a New Conjugates of Imidazole wih Beta Lactam Moiety and Evaluation of its Expanded Antibacterial Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2495-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmd D. Noori ◽  
Mazin N. Mousa ◽  
Shaker A. N. Al-Jadaan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir

Five compounds containing (2,4,5-triphenyl triphenyl-1H-) and azetidinone (beta-lactam) moiety were synthesized. The physical data and yield of synthesized compounds were recorded, the chemical structure of prepared compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method that involve tow Gram positive (staph. aureus, E. Faecalis), two Gram negative (E. coli and ‎K. pneumoniae), and one anaerobic bacteria (streptococcus. Pyogen). Different concentration of the prepared compounds has been used, and the obtained result were compared with standard (ceftazidime). Compound (5c) showed the best antibacterial activity against all bacterial species while 5a and 5e does not. Other compounds showed activity against some species.

scholarly journals Studies of Antimicrobial Activity of 2',4',5'- and 2',3',4'-Trimethoxy Flavanones

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
A. Rahim ◽  
R. Ali ◽  
A. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Paper Disc

 2',4',5'- and 2',3',4'-trimethoxy flavanones have been synthesized starting with 2-hydroxyacetophone and substituted aldehyde. Antibacterial activities of the flavanones have been tested along with their corresponding chalcones against two human pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus-b-haemolyticus and  Klebsiella sp. (G-)). Antifungal activities of the flavanones have also been investigated against  two plants pathogenic mold fungi (Rhizactonia solani Sclerotium rolfsii). The structures of the synthesized compounds have been characterized with the help of  UV, IR and 1H NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal screening were performed in vitro by the filter paper disc diffusion method and poisoned food technique. The flavanones showed antibacterial activity while no activity was observed to their corresponding chalcones against the tested bacteria. On the other hand, chalcones and their corresponding flavanones both showed fungicidal activities.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF STEM AND ROOT OF RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA AGAINST DIFFERENT BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Virendra Vaishnav ◽  
Debasish Sahoo ◽  
Tanushree Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina

Medicinal Plants are the good source of natural antimicrobial agents. The main aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of stem and root of Rauwolfia serpentina against six microorganism, Powdered stem and root of plant were extracted with acetone, chloroform and methanol and streptomycin used as positive control. The antibacterial activity of Rauwolfia serpentine was detected by using disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method on the following bacteria- Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus fusiformis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. luminescens. The experiment reported that R. serpentina Root methanol extract shown 14.86 ± 1.11 highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa through well diffusion method. Whereas root chloroform recorded 13.46 ± 1.28 highest antibacterial activity against E. coli through disc diffusion method, maximum zone of inhibition 22.66±0.52 mm was found for the positive control, streptomycin through well diffusion method. Further studies should be undertaken to reveal the correct mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used in drug development program.

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