scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Parameters on the Quality of Pork and Poultry-Pork Kabanosy Produced according to the Traditional Specialties Guaranteed Recipe

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chmiel ◽  
Lech Adamczak ◽  
Katarzyna Wrońska ◽  
Dorota Pietrzak ◽  
Tomasz Florowski
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differentiated air relative humidity during the drying process on selected quality features of TSG (traditional specialties guaranteed) pork and poultry-pork kabanosy. After heat treatment and 24-hour cooling at 4–6°C, the products were placed in three chambers at 15°C with differentiated air relative humidity: 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The drying process was carried out until all variants of kabanosy achieved the required final yield of the product (<68%). Color components, water activity and shear force, water, protein, fat, and salt content, and the TBARS indicator values were determined. The drying process might be shortened (~50%) by a reduction of humidity in the drying chamber from 80 to 60%. The changes in the content of chemical components in pork kabanosy compared to poultry-pork ones demonstrated the different dynamics of the drying of the two types of kabanosy and the need for the selection of optimum drying conditions relative to raw material composition.

scholarly journals technical level of small-town shoemaking in Gdańsk Pomerania in the 14th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Blusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Purposeful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the late medieval leather artefacts from Puck, Gniew, Lębork and Chojnice, an attempt was made to assess the level of shoemaking production at that time. Microscopic analyses of leather goods and production waste proved that in the field of tanning the activities related to the mechanical treatment of leather were carefully performed, although with insufficient professional knowledge concerning the process. The results of the identification of the animal origin of the leather confirmed the purposeful selection of raw material with different properties for individual footwear elements and the ability to properly cut it. The quality of the shoemaking products was highly rated in terms of technology and style. However, in the analysed collections a clearly perceptible difference in craftsmanship and assortment of products from Gniew and the other three towns was noticed.

Thermodynamic analysis of the apple drying process

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Akpinar ◽  
A Midilli ◽  
Y Bicer
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Apple Slices ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Exergy Losses

This paper is concerned with thermodynamic analysis of the process of single-layer drying of apple slices by means of a cyclone-type dryer. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was performed to estimate the ratios of energy utilization throughout the drying process. Exergy analysis was carried out to determine exergy losses during the drying process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. It was concluded that the exergy losses increased with increasing energy utilization in both trays and the drying chamber. Values of the energy utilization ratio (EUR) of the drying chamber varied in the range 0−41.64 per cent depending on the drying conditions. The most exergy losses took place on the first tray (EUR = 0−21.06 per cent) during the drying of apple slices. It is emphasized that apple slices are sufficiently dried in the range 60−80°C with 20−10 per cent relative humidity and a drying air velocity of 1.5 m/s over a 3.33−5.33 h period in spite of exergy losses of 0−1.243 kj/s (EUR = 0−34.72 per cent).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF POST-HARVEST PROCESSING OF PUMPKIN SEEDS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Oleh Tsurkan ◽  
Dmytro Prysiazhniuk ◽  
Ivan Didyk
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

One of the important stages of growing seeds of agricultural crops is its post-harvest processing, which includes the drying process, is the main and one of the most effective methods for storing and processing agricultural raw materials. The use of vibration drying equipment is especially effective in high-tech processes taking place in the seed industry, where product moisture is the most important condition for the implementation of technology. The object of research in this article was the technological process of post-harvest processing of high-moisture pumpkin seeds, in particular drying. The purpose of the work was to analyze the current state of post-harvest processing of high-moisture pumpkin seeds and to establish promising methods and means for intensifying this process with a simultaneous increase in the quality of the final raw material obtained. The task of the work was: to review research and publications on the state of post-harvest processing of pumpkin seeds in Ukraine, to establish the features of its post-harvest dues, in particular drying, to get acquainted with the technical means and technologies for performing the technological process of drying pumpkin seeds, to establish the main disadvantages of the existing drying equipment, to determine and to propose new promising technologies and technical solutions for intensifying the drying process of pumpkin seeds with a simultaneous increase in the quality of the final raw material with minimal energy consumption and translate them into a developed model of a vibration dryer, which sequentially implements filtration and convection stages of drying. The research methodology was based on a review analysis of existing studies and publications on the state of post-harvest treatment of pumpkin seeds in Ukraine and the search for ways to intensify this process with a simultaneous increase in the quality of the final raw material obtained. In scientific work, based on the results of the study, it was found that the existing grain drying equipment does not meet the requirements for drying high-moisture pumpkin seeds, therefore there is a need for the development, research and implementation of energy-efficient schemes and structures. The existing samples of domestic equipment for post-harvest processing of high-moisture pumpkin seeds are morally and physically obsolete, do not provide flexibility in the execution of the technological process, are energy- and metal-intensive and cannot be used in processing lots of seed material. The proposed design of a vibrating dryer, which sequentially implements filtration and convection stages of drying pumpkin seeds. The developed installation provides an intensification of this process with minimal energy consumption while increasing the quality of the final raw material obtained.

scholarly journals Kajian Pengering Kopi Gayo Semi Basah Menggunakan Alat Pengering Tipe Hohenheim

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-371
Author(s):  
Antoni Hardi ◽  
Ichwana Ichwana ◽  
Rita Khathir
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Simple Technology

Abstrak. Sebagai produsen kopi Arabica, masyarakat Gayo terkendala pada suhu lokal di Aceh Tengah yang relatif dingin dan teknologi sederhana yang digunakan untuk proses pengeringan kopi. Suhu rata-rata harian adalah 23-29°C. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu biji kopi yang diolah dengan metode semi basah sebanyak 9kg. Parameter penelitian meliputi suhu pengeringan, kelembaban relatif, kadar air dan rendemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering Hohenheim jauh lebih tinggi sekitar 10-20°C dari suhu pengeringan secara penjemuran. Proses pengeringan kopi labu sampai bisa digiling membutuhkan waktu selama 12 jam yaitu 8 jam pada hari pertama dan 4 jam pada hari ke-2. Sedangkan proses pengeringan tahap 2 membutuhkan waktu selama 16 jam sampai menghasilkan kopi beras dengan kadar air 9,32%. Kualitas kopi beras yang dihasilkan sudah baik dengan kadar air  yang sudah memenuhi standar SNI, tidak berbau busuk, dan tidak terkontaminasi. Nilai rendemen kopi beras berbasis kopi labu adalah 35%.Study of Drying Semi Washed Gayo Coffee Use Dryer Type Hohenheim Abstrack. As an Arabica coffee producer, the Gayo community is constrained by the relatively cold local temperatures in Central Aceh and the simple technology used for the coffee drying process. The average daily temperature is 23-29 ° C. The material used in this study was coffee beans which were processed by the semi-wet method of 9kg. Research parameters include drying temperature, relative humidity, moisture content and yield. The results showed that the drying temperature using a Hohenheim dryer is much higher around 10-20 ° C than the drying temperature by drying. The process of drying pumpkin coffee until it can be ground needs 12 hours, which is 8 hours on the first day and 4 hours on the second day. While the process of drying stage 2 takes 16 hours to produce rice coffee with a moisture content of 9.32%. The quality of rice coffee produced is good with water content that meets SNI standards, does not smell bad, and is not contaminated. The yield of pumpkin coffee-based rice coffee is 35%.

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WOOL FIBERS IN PRAMENKA FOR THE QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RAW WOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadžida MLAĆO ◽  
Amela KATICA ◽  
Velija KATICA ◽  
Almira SOFTIĆ ◽  
Vedad ŠAKIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Selection Of

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, as well as in most Balkan countries, wool is a major environmental problem. After sheep shearing, farmers usually leave the wool at the shear sites, providing poorly degradable organic waste. The purchase price of such untreated wool is as low as its quality. By this research, we have tried to draw attention, from another aspect, to the quality of wool fibers of certain parts of the body, which is ultimately very important in the textile industry and in the selection of wool for further processing. The cuticle is made from cornfied cells, flakes, located on the surface of wool fibers. One of the significant roles of the cuticle is the protective. Namely, the cuticle protects the wool fibers from various external factors, whether mechanical or physic-chemical (such as ammonia evaporation in poorly maintained facilities, etc.), which can damage the fleece and thus make it less quality. We have found some differences in the flakes position and shape in the wool fibers we investigated, depending on part of the body from which they were sampled. However, by microscopic analyses of samples taken from the root of the tail, we have found that the flakes were much smaller and finer in structure than the arrangement and appearance of the cornified flakes from the rump. In this study, we have compared the appearance and arrangement of flakes of cuticle, which is very important in assessing the quality of wool and its further use as a raw material.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Larutan Fixer terhadap Kualitas Pewarnaan Biopigmen Rumput Laut Eucheuma sp. sebagai Pengganti Pewarna Sintetis pada Tekstil [The Influence of Fixer for The Quality of Coloring Biopigmen Eucheuma sp. as a Subtitute for Synthetic Dyes in Textiles]

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Subekti ◽  
Achmad Amarudin ◽  
Moch Amin Alamsjah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract Seaweed Eucheuma sp. is one of the natural resources of Indonesia. Seaweed many processed in dry form after going through a drying process or processed into food ready for consumption. Seaweed is no longer just eaten or used to direct treatment, but can be processed into jelly, Algin, carrageenan (carrageenan) and furselaran (furcellaran) which is an important raw material in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and so on. This plant has an important economic value in various industries such as pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, textile and paper industries. This study aims to determine the Fixer solution of Tawas, Poly Aluminium Chloride and Kapur Tohor most effective at biopigmen Eucheuma sp. instead of synthetic dyes in textile and determine the best concentration of the solution Fixer Tawas, Poly Aluminium Chloride and Tohor in deciding the color biopigmen Eucheuma sp. instead of synthetic dyes in textiles. This study uses a randomized block design (RAK). This research was conducted by observing and comparing the effect Fixer solution between Tawas, Poly Aluminium Chloride and Kapur Tohor against staining quality biopigmen seaweed Eucheuma sp. instead of synthetic dyes in textiles. Organoleptic test results showed fixation material Poly Aluminium Chloride able to maintain better color than the color produced by the fixation Tawas and Kapur Tohor. Poly Aluminium Chloride fixation material produces a bright brown color, Tawas brown, reddish brown Tohor. The test results of color fastness to rubbing cloth (dry) indicates that the color fastness of the strongest to the weakest sequentially generated from Tawas fixation materials, lime Tohor, Poly Aluminium Chloride, while the test fastness to washing soap and desecration of white cloth from the strongest to The weakest is Poly Aluminium Chloride, Kapur Tohor and Tawas.

scholarly journals Drying of cherry tree chips in the experimental biomass dryer with solar collector

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
B. Havrland ◽  
P. Hutla ◽  
A. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Drying Chamber

Drying significantly influences the process of a biomass conversion into the renewable energy source as well as quality of solid biofuels (briquettes, pellets). The research is focused on monitoring and evaluation of the drying process in the case of cherry tree chips drying in experimental biomass dryer with solar collector. The dryer has been conceived as a result of the project which was realized at the State Agrarian University of Moldova. Technological and construction specifics of the biomass dryer are described in the paper. The moisture content of the cherry tree chips was observed in dependence of the drying time and at different locations of the drying chamber. The drying process in the biomass layer was found as non-uniform. Further parameters such as relative air humidity and the air temperature were measured and analysed, as well. It was concluded that the experimental biomass dryer with solar collector can work well in the conditions of the Central Moldova during the sunny period of the year.

A Proposed Method for Quantifying Thermal Exposure Incurred during Rough-Rice Drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Seth Graham-Acquaah ◽  
Terry J. Siebenmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Thermal Sterilization ◽  
End Use ◽  
Rice Drying ◽  
Drying Conditions

HighlightsDrying conditions affect rice end-use functionality.Thermal exposure incurred by rough rice may differ depending on drying conditions.A framework is proposed for deriving an index that can show how much heat exposure rough rice incurs during drying.Abstract. Heated air is used to dry most rice in the U.S. Thus, commercial rice drying can be considered a thermal process that aims to remove moisture from rough rice until a desired moisture content is reached. Parallels can be drawn between rice drying and thermal sterilization that is targeted at reducing microbial load because moisture content reduction during drying follows similar decay rate kinetics as the reduction in microbial load during thermal sterilization. Given the different combinations of drying air conditions (air temperature and relative humidity), as well as drying and tempering durations, employed in various dryer designs for rice drying and the impact that these conditions have on rice end-use functionality, this study sought to derive a thermal treatment index (drying process values) that is similar to the F0 value concept used in thermal sterilization for quantifying and comparing the thermal exposure incurred by rice during drying under various scenarios. Using data collected from rough-rice drying experiments, a decimal desorption value (Dmv) that represents the duration required to cause a 90% reduction in moisture ratio during drying at a specified temperature was determined, from which a thermal desorption constant (Zmv) that represents the increase in temperature necessary to cause a 90% reduction in Dmv during drying was established. Subsequently, a thermal desorption value (Fmv) was derived to express the duration that a rice lot would have been heat treated at a reference temperature during drying to produce an equivalent effect on moisture content as that produced by the actual drying process. Keywords: End use, Moisture content, Peak viscosity, Postharvest, Relative humidity, Rice, Temperature.

Adsorption Drying Characteristics of Angelica dahurica and Mathematical Modeling on Large Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1960-1963
Author(s):  
Xin Ye Dai ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
Lei Tang ◽  
Hai Yan Wang ◽  
Qun Cui
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Angelica Dahurica ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Page Model ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Method ◽  
Drying Conditions

The low-temperature adsorption drying characteristics of thin-layer Angelica Dahurica were evaluated in a large scale dryer. The effects of drying medium temperature, relative humidity of drying medium and wind velocity on the drying characteristics were investigated. Page model using nonlinear regression method can preferably fit the drying characteristic of Angelica Dahurica under different drying conditions The work revealed the correlation between moisture content and drying process parameters. The drying coefficient and exponent in the page model can be expressed as a function of temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity of the drying air.

scholarly journals MOISTURE DYNAMICS MODELLING IN HYSSOPI HERBA DRYING PROCESS BY ACTIVE VENTILATION/DRĖGNIO KITIMO MODELIAVIMAS HYSSOPI HERBA DŽIOVINANT AKTYVIOSIOS VENTILIACIJOS BŪDU/МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ HYSSOPI HERBA В ПРОЦЕССЕ СУШКИ С АКТИВНОЙ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИEЙ

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Algirdas Raila ◽  
Kristina Bimbiraitė ◽  
Olga Kornyšova ◽  
Audrius Maruška
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Dynamics Modelling ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Medicinal herbs after their harvesting participate in heat exchange with the environmental, as does each organic and hygroscopic material. Drying helps to conserve the medicinal raw material with the maximal preservation of its quality. The present investigation deals with the influence of the surrounding air factors (temperature and relative humidity) on drying intensity. The study object was aboveground part of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), i.e. Hyssopi herba was used as medicinal raw material. The aim of the study was to offer a mathematical model of time‐related medicinal herbs moisture dynamics and to show its qualitative agreement with the physical model of diffusion as well as to determine the optimum ventilation intensity of medicinal herbs. Drying of Hyssopi herba using active ventilation was investigated. Ventilation intensity and the parameters of the drying agent influenced the processes of moisture dynamics, the total drying time and the quality of Hyssopi herba. The basic prerequisites of the drying process have been analysed. A mathematical model of moisture dynamics has been proposed and used to show the dependence of theoretical moisture dynamics on ventilation velocity. The obtained experimental values of moisture content dynamics during the drying of Hyssopi herba have been shown to agree with theoretical dependences. Santrauka Vaistiniai augalai, kaip ir kiekviena organinė higroskopinė medžiaga, dalyvauja šilumos mainų procese su aplinka. Džiovinant siekiama konservuoti vaistinius augalus iki reikiamo drėgnio, kiek įmanoma išsaugant jų kokybę. Nagrinėta aplinkos oro veiksnių (temperatūros ir santykinio oro drėgnio) įtaka džiovinimo intensyvumui. Tyrimams naudota antžeminė vaistinio isopo (Hyssopus officinalis L.) dalis, t. y. vaistinė augalinė žaliava – isopų žolė (Hyssopi herba). Tyrimų tikslas – sudaryti drėgmės kitimo per tam tikrą laiką matematinį modelį, taikant gautą difuzijos sprendinį, bei nustatyti optimalų ventiliavimo intensyvumą. Tirtas Hyssopi herba džiovinimo taikant aktyviąją ventiliaciją procesas. Išanalizavus pagrindines džiovinimo sąlygas, sudarytas drėgmės kitimo priklausomybės nuo ventiliavimo intensyvumo, matematinis modelis. Ventiliavimo intensyvumas ir džiovinimo agento parametrai turėjo įtakos drėgmės mainų procesams, džiovinimo trukmei ir vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybei. Gauti drėgnio kitimo džiovinant Hyssopi herba rezultatai patvirtino, kad teorinės priklausomybės kokybiškai atitinka tiriamąjį procesą. Резюме Лекарственные растения, как и всякий органический гигроскопический материал, участвуют в процессе теплообмена с окружающей средой. С помощью сушки требуется консервировать лекарственные растения до нужной влажности, максимально сохраняя их качествo. Исследовалось влияние температуры и относительной влажности окружающего воздуха на интенсивность сушки. Объект исследования – наземная часть лекарственного иссопа (Hyssopus officinalis L.), т.е. лекарственное сырьё Hyssopi herba. Целью исследования было создать математическую модель изменения влажности с течением времени, применяя полученное решение диффузии, и определить оптимальную интенсивность вентиляции. Процесс сушки Hyssopi herba исследовался способом активной вентиляции. Различные параметры интенсивности вентиляции и сушильной среды влияли на процесс влагообмена, продолжительность сушки и качество лекарственного сырья. Произведен качественный анализ основных предпосылок процесса сушки. Предложена математическая модель изменения влажности, и на ее основе получена теоретическая зависимость изменения влажности от интенсивности вентиляции. Полученные результаты подтвердили соответствие между теоретической моделью и экспериментальными данными.

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