scholarly journals Calculation of Misjudgment Probability for Product Inspection Based on Measurement Uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-huai Chen ◽  
Yin-bao Cheng ◽  
Han-bin Wang ◽  
Hong-li Li ◽  
Zhen-ying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Estimation Formula ◽  
Sampling Inspection ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Absolute Probability ◽  
Selection Of

It is important to research into the misjudgment probability of product inspection based on measurement uncertainty, which is of great significance to improve the reliability of inspection results. This paper mainly focused on total inspection and sampling inspection methods and regarded the misjudgment probability as the index to provide quantitative misjudgment risk results for both producer and consumer sides. Through the absolute probability and the conditional probability model, the estimation formula of the total inspection misjudgment rate is deduced, respectively, and the calculation methods of qualification determination and misjudgment rate of the full inspection results are studied. According to the total inspection misjudgment rate, the methods of misjudgment rate of sampling inspection and qualification determination of measurement results are researched. The misjudgment rate of measurement results is calculated based on the exhaustive method and the Monte-Carlo simulation. The estimation results show that the misjudgment probabilities calculated by absolute probability models can be used as the basis for the selection of the measurement plan for product inspection. The misjudgment probability calculated by conditional probability models is more directly to reflect the risks for both producer and consumer sides, and it prompts inspectors to make decisions more carefully.

scholarly journals Classical (Local and Contextual) Probability Model for Bohm–Bell Type Experiments: No-Signaling as Independence of Random Variables

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Khrennikov ◽  
Alexander Alodjants
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Model Following ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Independence Of Random Variables ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Selection Of

We start with a review on classical probability representations of quantum states and observables. We show that the correlations of the observables involved in the Bohm–Bell type experiments can be expressed as correlations of classical random variables. The main part of the paper is devoted to the conditional probability model with conditioning on the selection of the pairs of experimental settings. From the viewpoint of quantum foundations, this is a local contextual hidden-variables model. Following the recent works of Dzhafarov and collaborators, we apply our conditional probability approach to characterize (no-)signaling. Consideration of the Bohm–Bell experimental scheme in the presence of signaling is important for applications outside quantum mechanics, e.g., in psychology and social science. The main message of this paper (rooted to Ballentine) is that quantum probabilities and more generally probabilities related to the Bohm–Bell type experiments (not only in physics, but also in psychology, sociology, game theory, economics, and finances) can be classically represented as conditional probabilities.

scholarly journals Estimation of Length of Node-to-Node Paths Distribution in the Global Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
Alexandra I. Kononova ◽  
Alexey V. Gorodilov
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis ◽  
Selection Of

The experiment aimed at finding a distribution of path lengths between nodes in the global network and an estimation of parameters of that distribution is described.In particular, the method of measurement of path length with traceroute utility of the GNU/Linux system and limitations on the selection of nodes imposed by traceroute are described. ‘e measurement results are provided and high values of skewness and kurtosis for all resulting distributions are noted. Simulation model of this experiment was developed to test the experiment validity in the determination of distribution parameters in the global network. This model is also described. It is shown that high values of skewness and kurtosis of the measured distributions are not the result of the measurement technique, therefore the global network could not be described by the Barabasi–Albert ´ model. Several most viable hypotheses explaining diffierences in skewness and kurtosis of experimentally obtained pathlength distribution estimations and values derived from the Barabasi–Albert model are listed. Results of diffierent hypotheses ´ simulations are provided. It is shown that the most fitting hypothesis is that definitive influence on skewness and kurtosis of path-length distribution estimations is caused by the quasi pre-fractal structure of the global network.

scholarly journals Determination of probe non-linearity and error due to measurement position for direct measurement type of gauge block comparator and its measurement uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 2145 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
A Pringkasemchai ◽  
J Wongsaroj ◽  
K Mongkolsuttirat
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Gauge Block ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement

Abstract The non-linearity of probes is one of the important components in gauge block calibration by the mechanical comparative method of two gauges blocks at the same nominal length. However, an advanced method for gauge block calibration is a mechanical direct measurement method of two gauge blocks showing the greatest difference in nominal length of 25 mm. This method uses a special probe based on the interferential scanning principle to produce the signals to measure the displacement. In this paper, non-linearity and error due to measurement position were investigated as they related to the accuracy of measurement results. The differences in central length of pairs of standard gauge blocks made of steel were measured by optical interferometry with the measurement uncertainty (k=2) 23 nm. Length in the range of 5 μm to 25 mm was used in the experiment. Non-linearity of the probe was evaluated by the simple linear regression model. Various factors such as origin setting point, temperature, and vibration have been analysed. In the preliminary experiment, the non-linearity, position error, repeatability and retrace error over the measuring range 25 mm are 13 nm, -18 nm, 15 nm, and 10 nm respectively. The standard uncertainty of direct measurement type caused by non-linearity is 4 nm.

scholarly journals Determination of measurement uncertainty as a necessary condition confirming the reliability of measurement results

Rail Vehicles ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Joanna Wojtukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reliability Of Measurement Results

W artykule zawarto najważniejsze zagadnienia związane z wyznaczaniem niepewności pomiaru oraz z przedstawianiem wiarygodnych wyników pomiarów. Przedstawiono m.in. najważniejsze pojęcia dotyczące niepewności pomiaru, wymagania normatywne, źródła, cel oraz metody wyznaczania niepewności pomiaru. Artykuł zawiera również odniesienie do czynności metrologicznych wykonywanych w Laboratorium Badań Pojazdów Szynowych w celu spełnienia przedstawionych wymagań.

Stray light and ghosts in catadioptric spectrometers: incorporating grating scatter measurements into simulations and ghost sensitivity into system design

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kroneberger ◽  
Andreas Mezger ◽  
Stephanie Becker
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Multiple Diffraction ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The accurate simulation of stray light is essential for the verification of the contrast requirements in optical instruments. In a spectrometer, the scattering from reflective gratings is difficult to characterize while contributing significantly to the overall system stray light and reduction of the spectrometer contrast. In addition, the multiple diffraction orders create a ghost sensitive environment, which must be considered in the design of the instrument. In this article, we present an experimental setup for, and measurement results from, the characterization of the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) of a holographic grating for a spectrometer applied in a typical earth observation mission with demanding stray light requirements. We observed distinct stray light peaks out of the diffraction plane, which are called ‘satellites.’ The main challenges in the measurement of grating BSDFs arise from the near angle limit, the determination of the instrument signature and the selection of the appropriate sampling (2D or 3D). Following the grating characterization, the next step is to introduce these measured BSDFs into stray light simulation. We have done that by fitting appropriate functions to the measured BSDF and defining them in the optical analysis software ASAP as a user-defined BSDF. Ghost analysis is done at the spectrometer level as a sensitivity analysis of the tilts of the optical elements. Due to the ghosting of higher diffraction orders of the grating, a high sensitivity to the tilts of some of the optical elements can be seen.

scholarly journals Selection of Main Engines for Hopper Suction Dredgers with the Use of Probability Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Damian Bocheński
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Design Power ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper presents a new original method of selection of main engines for hopper suction dredgers with regard to probabilistic models. It was proposed to use the normal distribution to describe the operational loads of the main receivers. The principles for determination of parameters of load distribution and design power of the main engines were formulated. Lastly, the principles of selection of the size and number of main engines has been proposed.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Machining General Size Cylindrical Parts Using WEDM with Contour Approximation Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huliang Ma ◽  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Ming Lv ◽  
Shengqiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Method ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Wire Edm ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Cylindrical Parts ◽  
General Size ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The application of wire EDM to the machining of cylindrical parts is an emerging research topic. The current research is mainly focused on the machining of micro-cylindrical parts, and there is little research on the general-sized parts. This paper proposes to apply the principle of contour approximation method to the machining of cylindrical parts of general size. First, the basic principle of the contour approximation method is introduced, and the machining process is divided into three parts: roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. Roughing corresponds to polygon cutting. Second, the various indicators of polygon cutting are analyzed. The influence of the number of polygonal sides on the residual height and residual area is analyzed. Two methods are proposed for polygon cutting: sequential cutting and multiple edge cutting. The calculation formulas for the processing volume of the two methods are deduced. By comparing the two methods, it is found that different methods are applicable to different part sizes. At last, machining experiments were carried out. The selection of residual variables and the determination of polygon machining methods are detailed. The process parameters and machining time of each stage are listed. In addition, the measurement results of each stage of the machining are also analyzed.

A probability model for regional focal mechanism solutions

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
D. R. Brillinger ◽  
A. Udias ◽  
B. A. Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Principal Stress ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Focal Mechanism Solutions ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Local Tectonics ◽  
Solution Estimates

abstract The increase in the number of determinations of fault-plane solutions and their use for inferences on regional and local tectonics and stress fields makes it advisable to treat them in a standard way in groups on a regional basis. Probability models for joint group estimation of the shear dislocations, involving data from I earthquakes and J observations of the same region, are presented. The general model gives the probability πij of reading a compression (Yij = 1) for the P wave from event i at station j as Prob { Y i j = 1 } = γ i + ( 1 − 2 γ i ) Φ ( ρ i A i j ) where γ and ρ are precision parameters and Φ is the normal cumulative. This probability depends on Aij (θ), the theoretical amplitudes from a particular orientation of the greatest and least axes of principal stress for the regional solution. Estimates of the principal stress axes T and P and their variances are computed by constructing a loss function based on the likelihood. The algorithm allows for the estimation of a mean regional solution and one for each event. A treatment of measures of fit and the winnowing of clusters of solutions is given. The resulting program has been applied to the determination of the regional solution and exceptional mechanisms for the main shock and 25 aftershocks of the great 1964 Alaskan earthquake and 19 small earthquakes in Bear Valley, California.

Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for the Determination of MgO in Magnesia Refractories by XRF

2018 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Qing Dan Yuan ◽  
Shi Hua Liu ◽  
Qian Nan Li ◽  
Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Synthetic Standard

The method of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for the determination of MgO in magnesia refractories was introduced. The uncertainty of the MgO in refractory materials was analyzed by melting method of XRF. The measurement uncertainty was evaluated, and the related mathematical models was established. The uncertainty of synthetic standard was calculated by the evaluation of the uncertainty of each component standard. And eventually converted to the measurement results to expand the uncertainty. The effects of two melting methods on the uncertainty of magnesium oxide content were compared.

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