scholarly journals Kinetics of Rituximab Excretion into Urine and Peritoneal Fluid in Two Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Stahl ◽  
Michelle Duong ◽  
Anke Schwarz ◽  
A. D. Wagner ◽  
Hermann Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Nephrotic Patient ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Nephrotic Range Proteinuria ◽  
Determining Factor

Clinical observations suggest that treatment of Rituximab might be less effective in patients with nephrotic range proteinuria when compared to nonnephrotic patients. It is conceivable that the reason for this is that significant amounts of Rituximab might be lost in the urine in a nephrotic patient and that these patients require a repeated or higher dosage. However, this has not been systematically studied. In this case report we describe two different patients with nephrotic range proteinuria receiving Rituximab. The first patient received Rituximab for therapy resistant cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and the other for second line treatment of Felty’s syndrome. We employed flow cytometry to determine the amount of Rituximab excretion in both urine and peritoneal fluid specimens in these patients following administration of Rituximab. We found that a significant amount of Rituximab is lost from the circulation by excretion into the urine. Furthermore we saw a close correlation of the excretion of Rituximab to the excretion of IgG molecules suggesting selectivity of proteinuria as the determining factor of Rituximab excretion. Further larger scale clinical studies could have the potential to evaluate an optimal cut-off value of IgG urinary loss before a possible administration of Rituximab therefore contributing to a more individualized treatment approach in patients with nonselective and nephrotic range proteinuria.

The Reactivity of Different Active Forms of Sodium Carbonate with Respect to Sulfur Dioxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302-2308
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.

On the kinetics of Hadamard-type fractional differential systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Differential Operator ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Type Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Fractional Differential Systems ◽  
Fractional Differential Operator ◽  
Fractional Differential ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Theoretical Results

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the investigation of the kinetics of Hadamard-type fractional differential systems (HTFDSs) in two aspects. On one hand, the nonexistence of non-trivial periodic solutions for general HTFDSs, which are considered in some functional spaces, is proved and the corresponding eigenfunction of Hadamard-type fractional differential operator is also discussed. On the other hand, by the generalized Gronwall-type inequality, we estimate the bound of the Lyapunov exponents for HTFDSs. In addition, numerical simulations are addressed to verify the obtained theoretical results.

scholarly journals Bipolar Dislocation of the Clavicle: A Report of Two Cases with Different Injury Patterns and a Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Okano ◽  
Takatoshi Sawada ◽  
Katsunori Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Acromioclavicular Joint ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Dislocation ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Rare Injury

Bipolar dislocation of the clavicle is a rare injury that is defined as a concomitant dislocation of the ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint. This injury is also described as a floating clavicle. Although this injury has been known for nearly two centuries, knowledge about it is limited and the treatment strategy remains controversial. Bipolar dislocation includes several combinations of both joints’ injury types. We reported two patients with bipolar dislocation of the clavicle: one with an anterior dislocation and the other with a posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint. After reviewing the currently available literature, we discussed these cases to highlight the necessity of a specific treatment approach that is modified based on the pattern of each joint’s lesion.

scholarly journals C3 and C4 Complements in Glomerular Disorders in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
H. Alatas ◽  
I.G.N. Wila Wirya ◽  
T. Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Almost All

Seventy children who were hospitalized for kidney diseases in the Nephrological ward Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia, Jakarta were used in this study. Thirty seven patients sufferfng from acute poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (A.G.N.), 3 patients with Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (M.P.G.N.) and 30 patients with Nephrotic Syndrome due to other causes were examined for complement concentration. A total of 80 samples were examined for C3 and 25 samples for C4 concentration using the immunediffusion plates. Almost all patients with A.G.N. and M.P.G.N. showed depression of C3. C4 concentration was normal except in 2 patients, 1 with A.G.N. and the other With M.P.G.N. This suggest activation of complement at the C3 level by the alternating pathway in most of the patients. C3 concentration in A.G.N. patients returned to normal after 8-10 weeks. In MPGN the depression was persistent in 2 patients, while in 1 patient it returned to normal level after 3 months of Immunosuppressive treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Two Mycobacterium tuberculosis recA Promoters

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (20) ◽  
pp. 6005-6015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K. Gopaul ◽  
Patricia C. Brooks ◽  
Jean-François Prost ◽  
Elaine O. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Promoter Elements ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT The recA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unusual in that it is expressed from two promoters, one of which, P1, is DNA damage inducible independently of LexA and RecA, while the other, P2, is regulated by LexA in the classical way (E. O. Davis, B. Springer, K. K. Gopaul, K. G. Papavinasasundaram, P. Sander, and E. C. Böttger, Mol. Microbiol. 46:791-800, 2002). In this study we characterized these two promoters in more detail. Firstly, we localized the promoter elements for each of the promoters, and in so doing we identified a mutation in each promoter which eliminates promoter activity. Interestingly, a motif with similarity to Escherichia coli σ70 −35 elements but located much closer to the −10 element is important for optimal expression of P1, whereas the sequence at the −35 location is not. Secondly, we found that the sequences flanking the promoters can have a profound effect on the expression level directed by each of the promoters. Finally, we examined the contribution of each of the promoters to recA expression and compared their kinetics of induction following DNA damage.

scholarly journals About mercury dioxide, as antisepticum in gynecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
A. A. Anufriev
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Other Hand

Numerous clinical observations of the last time, mainly over the course of incised wounds, have convinced surgeons and gynecologists to a sufficient extent that the primary role in the healing of these wounds is played by cleanliness, and not by disinfectants. Suffice it to point to such authorities in this respect as Bantok, Lawson-Tait, Thorntorn, De Granville, Kocher. Sklifosovsky and others. Some of the surgeons and gynecologists of modern asepsis have gone so far in their views that they look at all disinfectants as self-deception, while others consider the presence of some non-pathogenic microorganisms even useful (?) In the fight against accidentally caught pathogenic and therefore delay the growth of the former seems to be irrational. But on the other hand, there are not a small number of surgeons who have asepsis alongside antiseptics and who cannot refuse, if not "in the leading", then in the "known role" and disinfectants, not because routine has been mixed up in such a setting, but due in part to the conditions under which they have to work, in part to the undoubtedly beneficial properties of known disinfectants.

scholarly journals Κινητική της αμμωνίας εις το περιτοναϊκόν υγρόν

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστάσιος Εμμανουήλ
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fixed Times ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cirrhotic Group ◽  
Group 1

The kinetics of ammonia between blood and peritoneal fluid on 18 patiens was studied. Ten grams of ammonium citrate were given by mouth; the concentrations of ammonia in the blood and in the peritoneal fluid were comprared after determining the values at fixed times. The cases were divided in two groups: group 1, included eight patients with cirrhosis of the liver, group 2, included patients with ascites of other than liver cirrhosis aetiology, five of whom had carcinoma of the liver and'or of the peritoneal, two patients with lymphosarcoma, one with kidneysarcoma (Bour neville Syndrome) and two cases with congestive heart failure. The following conclusions have drawn : 1. The ammonia concentrations in the ascitic fluid of the cirrhotic group (group 1) before ammonium citrate loading was found to be higher than in the blood. 2. The highest concentration of the ammonia in the ascitic fluid was found two hours after loading and fell to the pre-loading level three hours later. 3. The curve formed by the ammonia values and ascitic fluid is similar to that of the blood. 4. The values of blood —and ascitic fluid—ammonia and the respective ourves in cases of cardiac failure resembled those found in cirrhotics. 5. In cases of neoplasms the fluctuations of ammonia concentrations in the blood and in the peritoneal fluid are minimal and the curves are flat. 6. In lymphosarcoma and kidneysarcoma the pre-loading values of blood ammonia are higher than in the peritoneal fluid.7. High concentration of blood and peritoneal fluid ammonia without appreciable fluctuations might suggest liver cancer on cirrhotic substrate.

scholarly journals Charging and coagulation of radioactive and nonradioactive particles in the atmosphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 23795-23840
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Kim ◽  
S. Yiacoumi ◽  
A. Nenes ◽  
C. Tsouris
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Charge Distributions ◽  
Coagulation Kinetics ◽  
Balance Charge ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract. Charging and coagulation influence one another and impact the particle charge and size distributions in the atmosphere. However, few investigations to date have focused on the coagulation kinetics of atmospheric particles accumulating charge. This study presents three approaches to include mutual effects of charging and coagulation on the microphysical evolution of atmospheric particles such as radioactive particles. The first approach employs ion balance, charge balance, and a bivariate population balance model (PBM) to comprehensively calculate both charge accumulation and coagulation rates of particles. The second approach involves a much simpler description of charging, and uses a monovariate PBM and subsequent effects of charge on particle coagulation. The third approach is further simplified assuming that particles instantaneously reach their steady-state charge distributions. It is found that compared to the other two approaches, the first approach can accurately predict time-dependent changes in the size and charge distributions of particles over a wide size range covering from the free molecule to continuum regimes. The other two approaches can reliably predict both charge accumulation and coagulation rates for particles larger than about 40 nm and atmospherically relevant conditions. These approaches are applied to investigate coagulation kinetics of particles accumulating charge in a radioactive neutralizer, the urban atmosphere, and a radioactive plume. Limitations of the approaches are discussed.

scholarly journals Physical Properties and Non-Isothermal Crystallisation Kinetics of Primary Mechanically Recycled Poly(l-lactic acid) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3396
Author(s):  
Luboš Běhálek ◽  
Jan Novák ◽  
Pavel Brdlík ◽  
Martin Borůvka ◽  
Jiří Habr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Crystallisation Kinetics ◽  
Isothermal Crystallisation ◽  
Melt Crystallisation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Crystallisation Rate

The physical properties and non-isothermal melt- and cold-crystallisation kinetics of poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biobased polymers reprocessed by mechanical milling of moulded specimens and followed injection moulding with up to seven recycling cycles are investigated. Non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics are evaluated by the half-time of crystallisation and a procedure based on the mathematical treatment of DSC cumulative crystallisation curves at their inflection point (Kratochvil-Kelnar method). Thermomechanical recycling of PLLA raised structural changes that resulted in an increase in melt flow properties by up to six times, a decrease in the thermal stability by up to 80 °C, a reduction in the melt half-time crystallisation by up to about 40%, an increase in the melt crystallisation start temperature, and an increase in the maximum melt crystallisation rate (up to 2.7 times). Furthermore, reprocessing after the first recycling cycle caused the elimination of cold crystallisation when cooling at a slow rate. These structural changes also lowered the cold crystallisation temperature without impacting the maximum cold crystallisation rate. The structural changes of reprocessed PHBV had no significant effect on the non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics of this material. Additionally, the thermomechanical behaviour of reprocessed PHBV indicates that the technological waste of this biopolymer is suitable for recycling as a reusable additive to the virgin polymer matrix. In the case of reprocessed PLLA, on the other hand, a significant decrease in tensile and flexural strength (by 22% and 46%, respectively) was detected, which reflected changes within the biobased polymer structure. Apart from the elastic modulus, all the other thermomechanical properties of PLLA dropped down with an increasing level of recycling.

scholarly journals Obesity and cahexia as the first manifestations of craniopharingioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila I. Astafieva ◽  
Irina S. Klochkova ◽  
Pavel L. Kalinin ◽  
Boris A. Kadashev ◽  
Aleksandr N. Konovalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Clinical Observations

The key structure in the regulation of energy homeostasis is the hypothalamus. The damage of the hypothalamic region can lead to imbalance of energy exchange with the development of obesity or cachexia. The most common metabolic disorders occur in case of craniopharyngiomas. The article presents two clinical observations of papillary craniopharyngioma in young women. Cases were accompanied by different disturbances of the energy balance, in one - with the development of obesity, in the other - cachexia.

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