scholarly journals Design and Solution of a Surrogate Model for Portfolio Optimization Based on Project Ranking

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
Claudia Gómez-Santillán ◽  
Laura Cruz-Reyes ◽  
Nelson Rangel-Valdez ◽  
Shulamith Bastiani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Project Portfolio ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Relational System ◽  
Multiobjective Problem ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Project Ranking

Characterizing the preferences of a decision maker in a multicriteria decision is a complex task that becomes even harder if the information available is limited. This paper addresses a particular case of project portfolio selection; in this case, the measures of project impacts are not assumed, and the available information is only projects’ ranking and costs. Usually, resource allocation follows the ranking priorities until they are depleted. This action leads to a feasible solution, but not necessarily to a good portfolio. In this paper, a good portfolio is found by solving a multiobjective problem. To effectively address such dimensionality, the decision maker’s preferences in the form of a fuzzy relational system are incorporated in an ant-colony algorithm. The Region of Interest is approached by solving a surrogate triobjective problem. The results show that the reduction of the dimensionality supports the decision maker in choosing the best portfolio.

Project Portfolio Selection Using a D.E.A. Approach

2017 ◽  
pp. 220-244
Author(s):  
António M. Amaral ◽  
Madalena Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Portfolio Selection ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Project Portfolio ◽  
Project Portfolio Management ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Management Area

The project management area uses several techniques and tools to identify, select, monitor and manage the projects portfolio of the organizations. However, these techniques still present problems and difficulties which, sometimes, inhibit their use. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is considered a problem of considerable difficulty and complexity, which requires its constant monitoring by the organization, according to the strategic guidelines chosen. Thus, this paper presents an innovative approach for selecting the portfolio of projects by using DEA, and the development of a set of generic indicators, to support the decision makers in considering multiple projects. Each decision maker can use all or some of the indicators proposed, thus each one's knowledge, sensitivity and intuition are taken into account, namely for indicators such as risk perception, level of innovation, market clock speed, project's complexity.

AN INTERACTIVE PARTITIONING APPROACH FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING UNDER A GENERAL MONOTONE UTILITY FUNCTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 969-997
Author(s):  
ESRA KARASAKAL ◽  
MURAT KÖKSALAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Efficient Frontier ◽  
Multiobjective Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Problem

We develop an interactive partitioning approach for solving the multiobjective decision making problem of a decision maker (DM) who has an implicit general monotone utility function. The approach reduces feasible solution space using the DM's preferences. Hypothetical solutions called partition ideals (PIs) that dominate portions of the efficient frontier are generated and those that are inferior to a feasible solution are used to eliminate the dominated regions. We investigate the issues in representation of the reduced feasible solution space. We develop procedures for locating PIs and measuring the size of feasible solution space. We incorporate these ideas into an approach that converges to a neighborhood of the most preferred solution of the DM. We demonstrate the approach on an example problem.

A Lane Identifying Approach of the Intelligent Vehicle in Complex Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botao Wu ◽  
Huijuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Intelligent Vehicle ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Complicated Conditions

Lane identification by intelligent vehicles in some common complicated conditions is a key technique. The parabola model of lane boundary is established first for fitting the curved lane boundary, and the objective function is used to estimate the fitting quality of the lane boundary is designed with the grayness character and grads character of the lane boundary in a gray image. To improve the speed of the identifying algorithm, the ant colony algorithm is applied to lane identifying, and with the guidance of the designed objective function, the positive feedback of hormone will consistently allow the search the best path within the searching region of interest as soon as possible, thus, the lane boundary is found. The method can effectively eliminate the negative effect of illumination conditions or shadows of trees, etc., and identify linear or curving lane boundaries exactly. The pretreatment to image is found and the searching region of interest is set, so the real-time identifying is greatly improved.

Digital Image Documentation for Quality Assessment

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435
Author(s):  
Domingos Cruz ◽  
Carla Valentí ◽  
Aureliano Dias ◽  
Mário Seixas ◽  
Fernando Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective.—To demonstrate the feasibility of the use of digital images to document routine cases and to perform diagnostic quality assessment. Methods.—Pathologists documented cases by acquiring up to 12 digital images per case. The images were sampled at 25:1, 50:1, 100:1, 200:1, or 400:1 magnifications, according to adequacy in aiding diagnosis. After each acquisition, the referral pathologist marked a region of interest within each acquired image in order to evaluate intrinsic redundancy. The extrinsic redundancy was determined by counting the unnecessary images. Cases were randomly selected and reviewed by one pathologist. The quality of each image, the possibility of accomplishing a diagnosis based on images, and the degree of agreement was evaluated. Results.—During routine practice, 1469 cases were documented using 3902 images. Most of the images were acquired at higher power magnifications. From all acquired cases, 143 cases and their 373 related images were randomly selected for review. In 88.1% (126/143) of reviewed cases, it was possible to accomplish the diagnosis based on images. In 30.2% (38/126) of these cases, the reviewer considered that the diagnosis could be accomplished with fewer images. The referral pathologist and the reviewer found intrinsic redundancy in 57.8% and 54.5% of images, respectively. Conclusions.—Our results showed that digital image documentation to perform diagnostic quality assessment is a feasible solution. However, owing to the impact on routine practice, guidelines for acquisition and documentation of cases may be needed.

scholarly journals INFERRING PARAMETERS OF A RELATIONAL SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES FROM ASSIGNMENT EXAMPLES USING AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
Nelson Rangel-Valdez ◽  
Laura Cruz-Reyes ◽  
Claudia Gomez-Santillan ◽  
Gilberto Rivera-Zarate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Binary Relations ◽  
Relational System ◽  
Parameter Inference ◽  
Test Sets

Most evolutionary multi-objective algorithms perform poorly in many objective problems. They normally do not make selective pressure towards the Region of Interest (RoI), the privileged zone in the Pareto frontier that contains solutions important to a DM. Several works have proved that a priori incorporation of preferences improves convergence towards the RoI. The work of (E. Fernandez, E. Lopez, F. Lopez & C.A. Coello Coello, 2011) uses a binary fuzzy outranking relational system to map many-objective problems into a tri-objective optimization problem that searches the RoI; however, it requires the elicitation of many preference parameters, a very hard task. The use of an indirect elicitation approach overcomes such situation by allowing the parameter inference from a battery of examples. Even though the relational system of Fernandez et al. (2011) is based on binary relations, it is more convenient to elicit its parameters from assignment examples. In this sense, this paper proposes an evolutionary-based indirect parameter elicitation method that uses preference information embedded in assignment examples, and it offers an analysis of their impact in a priori incorporation of DM’s preferences. Results show, through an extensive computer experiment over random test sets, that the method estimates properly the model parameter’s values.

Impediments to Effective Management of Project Interdependencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Bathallath ◽  
Åsa Smedberg ◽  
Harald Kjellin
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Project Portfolio ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Technology Barriers ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Project Portfolios

Interdependencies between projects have come to play a more active role in the decision on IT/IS portfolios and their constituent projects. However, managing these interdependencies can be a complex task, especially when the number and degree of interdependencies among projects are high. In times of uncertainty, unexpected challenges can seriously disrupt projects and, consequently, their interdependencies. This may threaten the project portfolio from achieving its final goal. The study aims to investigate the difficulties associated with managing project interdependence along the development cycle of the project portfolio. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews with managers from four leading organizations in Saudi Arabia. The findings reveal three main categories of factors that increased the difficulty of managing project interdependencies in large IT/IS project portfolios: insufficient understanding of human responsibilities in the whole portfolio, unpredictability of the environment, and technology barriers and constraints.

scholarly journals إيجاد الحل المقبول (الممكن) والأمثل لأنموذج البرمجة الخطية في ظل عدم تحقق شرطّي الإمكانية والأمثلية

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (52) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
سرمد علوان صالح
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Simplex Method ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Dual Simplex Method ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Dual Simplex

Consider the Linear Programming (LP) active & effective factor in decision maker & taker process . So that given certain goals , the Significance of (LP) in solving & evaluation the activity during one tools (General Simplex Mehtod)that the solution is Feasible &no optimal then called (Primal Simplex Method) or vice-versa then called(Dual Simplex Method).Same of cases the solution is infeasible & no optimal then using the two methods alternatively once to find the feasible solution and other to find optimal solution              

An Interval-Based Approach for Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization of Project Portfolios

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 1317-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Balderas ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
Claudia Gomez-Santillan ◽  
Nelson Rangel-Valdez ◽  
Laura Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Project Portfolio ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge ◽  
Project Portfolios

Project portfolio selection is addressed here as a multi-objective optimization problem. This work introduces an interval-based method that takes into consideration imperfect knowledge of the contribution of projects to a portfolio, the project requirements, available resources and preference parameters in the model. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved using an evolutionary algorithm that is adapted to handle intervals. To direct the search toward the region of interest of the Pareto frontier, the preferences of the decision maker (DM) are incorporated using an interval-based outranking approach. This allows to address problems with many objective functions; intransitive preferences and incomparability situations can also be handled using this approach. In terms of analyzing robustness, the DM can obtain different solutions according to his/her level of conservatism. The effectiveness of this proposal was tested both on an example from the related literature and another example of a public project portfolio with nine objective functions and large number of applicant projects.

Smart City Technologies for Cultural Heritage Protection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Moßgraber ◽  
Tobias Hellmund ◽  
Philipp Hertweck ◽  
Hylke van der Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Available Information

<p>Climate change (CC) will morph the environmental landscape, thus leading to climate stress imposed on Cultural Heritage (CH). Especially, tangible CH, like castles, palaces, monuments and churches as well as gardens are exposed to CH effects. Such effects are heat waves, flooding, higher sea level, just to name a few.</p><p>The management and preservation of such CH buildings and whole sites, particularly in the context of CC, is a complex task in which authorities and decision makers need to aggregate and oversee information from diverse sources and domains. Yet, only by considering all relevant and available information, stakeholders can make well-grounded decisions. This imposes a complex task upon the authorities, not only due to the diversity and heterogeneity, but also to the quantity of available data.<br>Only if the current and future situation of the CH in focus is understood, strategies for protecting them can be developed.</p><p>The first challenge is to apply different kind of sensors to the buildings and gardens to collect data about the weather (temperature, precipitation, etc.), the situation of walls incl. cracks and the state of plants. After that, this data needs to be managed and made accessible in homogeneous way for further processing and analysis.<br>The domain of smart city research faces the exact same problems. Sensors are applied all over the city for example about traffic, infrastructure, air and water quality and weather data. In contrast to CH the community is much larger and the industry is involved as well.</p><p>Therefore, it is beneficial to look into technologies developed for smart cities and analyze how they can be applied to the monitoring of CH sites. For retrieving, managing and processing sensor data there are open standards evolving, for example the SensorThings API standard by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Currently, many tools evolve around such standards from which some are available as open source.<br>First results of successfully applying these technologies from different CH and smart city projects will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals The design and development of a tuneable and portable radiation source for in situ spectrometer characterisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3573-3582
Author(s):  
Marek Šmíd ◽  
Geiland Porrovecchio ◽  
Jiří Tesař ◽  
Tim Burnitt ◽  
Luca Egli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Source ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Field Calibration ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Wavelength Scale ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. For spectroradiometers, the characterisation of their wavelength scale and spectral bandwidth underpins the quality of measured data substantially. This characterisation can be performed using metrology-grade tuneable monochromatic sources, which are currently available only in a few laboratories worldwide. Yet in numerous applications, only the in-field calibration is a feasible solution. We have designed and developed a tuneable and portable radiation source (TuPS) in the wavelength range from 300 to 350 nm for the in-field characterisation of Dobson spectrometers' wavelength scale and slit function, with standard uncertainties better than 0.02 nm in wavelength and with the bandwidth of emitted radiation smaller than 0.13 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM). The TuPS is designed such that only minor modifications of its optical system extend/shift its spectral range towards visible and near-infrared spectral regions and thus expand its application for characterisation of any spectroradiometers in the relevant spectral region of interest.

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