scholarly journals Metal Content in Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Leaves: Influence of Vehicular Traffic and Safety upon Consumption as Food

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Giacomino ◽  
Mery Malandrino ◽  
Maria Laura Colombo ◽  
Sergio Miaglia ◽  
Pietro Maimone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations ◽  
Underlying Soil

The widespread distribution of the common dandelion, that is,Taraxacum officinale, along with its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, makes this plant a good candidate as biological monitor of environmental metal contamination.Taraxacum officinaleleaves growing spontaneously in meadows and along the streets are traditionally picked up and eaten in Italy as salad, so it is important to know the concentrations of potentially toxic elements contained in them from the point of view of food safety. For these reasons the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined in dandelion leaf and underlying soil samples collected at 12 sites in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont, Italy) in the vicinity of streets or roundabouts. The concentrations were compared with reference values for plant and soils and with maximum allowable concentrations in edible vegetables. Neither dandelion nor soil samples were found to be polluted by metals, but the comparison with limits for vegetables suggests that caution should be used in consuming spontaneously growing vegetables.

scholarly journals Urbanization alters plastic responses in the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4082-4090
Author(s):  
Matti Pisman ◽  
Dries Bonte ◽  
Eduardo Peña
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Plastic Responses

scholarly journals Distribution of Denitrification among Haloarchaea: A Comprehensive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Jose María Miralles-Robledillo ◽  
Eric Bernabeu ◽  
Micaela Giani ◽  
Elena Martínez-Serna ◽  
Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nitric Oxide Reductase ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Alternative Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alternative Respiratory Pathways ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Microorganisms from the Halobacteria class, also known as haloarchaea, inhabit a wide range of ecosystems of which the main characteristic is the presence of high salt concentration. These environments together with their microbial communities are not well characterized, but some of the common features that they share are high sun radiation and low availability of oxygen. To overcome these stressful conditions, and more particularly to deal with oxygen limitation, some microorganisms drive alternative respiratory pathways such as denitrification. In this paper, denitrification in haloarchaea has been studied from a phylogenetic point of view. It has been demonstrated that the presence of denitrification enzymes is a quite common characteristic in Halobacteria class, being nitrite reductase and nitric oxide reductase the enzymes with higher co-occurrence, maybe due to their possible role not only in denitrification, but also in detoxification. Moreover, copper-nitrite reductase (NirK) is the only class of respiratory nitrite reductase detected in these microorganisms up to date. The distribution of this alternative respiratory pathway and their enzymes among the families of haloarchaea has also been discussed and related with the environment in which they constitute the major populations. Complete denitrification phenotype is more common in some families like Haloarculaceae and Haloferacaceae, whilst less common in families such as Natrialbaceae and Halorubraceae.

scholarly journals Genetic transformation technologies for the common dandelion, Taraxacum officinale

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasia Dinkeloo ◽  
Araceli Maria Cantero ◽  
Inyup Paik ◽  
Alexa Vulgamott ◽  
Andrew D Ellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Taraxacum officinale, or the common dandelion, is a widespread perennial species recognized worldwide as a common lawn and garden weed. Common dandelion is also cultivated for use in teas, as edible greens, and for use in traditional medicine. It produces latex and is closely related to the Russian dandelion, T. kok-saghyz, which is being developed as a rubber crop. Additionally, the vast majority of extant common dandelions reproduce asexually through apomictically derived seeds- an important goal for many major crops in modern agriculture. As such, there is increasing interest in the molecular control of important pathways as well as basic molecular biology and reproduction of common dandelion. Results Here we present an improved Agrobacterium-based genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, a protocol for generation and transformation of protoplasts using free DNA, and a protocol for leaf Agrobacterium infiltration for transient gene expression. These protocols use easily obtainable leaf explants from soil-grown plants and reagents common to most molecular plant laboratories. We show that common markers used in many plant transformation systems function as expected in common dandelion including fluorescent proteins, GUS, and anthocyanin regulation, as well as resistance to kanamycin, Basta, and hygromycin. Conclusion Reproducible, stable and transient transformation methods are presented that will allow for needed molecular structure and function studies of genes and proteins in T. officinale.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Concentrations in Pleurozium Schreberi and Taraxacum Officinale Along the Road No. 7

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Korzeniowska ◽  
Ewa Panek
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pleurozium Schreberi ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion

Abstract The aim of this study is to test two plant species, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale and moss Pleurozium schreberi, as bio monitors of trace metal pollution emitted by motor vehicles. The samples of the moss Pleurozium schreberi (green segments) and the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (leaves) were collected within 12 transects along the state road No. E77 near Chyzne, Sothern Poland. The transects were located on the eastern and western side of the road (downwind and upwind towards prevailing winds), at the following distances from the road: 5, 50, 100, 300 500 and 600 m. Total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn in the plant material were determined. The studied species accumulated trace metals in the similar amounts. Statistically significant differences in metal concentrations between two plant species were observed only in the case of Cu and Pb. Copper concentrations were higher in the common dandelion, while the moss Pleurozium schreberi accumulated considerably higher amounts of Pb. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the trace metal concentrations in plants and the distance to the road. There are also statistically significant differences in concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the common dandelion between the samples collected from the opposite sides of the road: upwind/downwind towards the prevailing wind direction at the distance up to 300 meters. The concentrations are higher on the downwind side of the road.

scholarly journals An assessment of urban habitat contamination with selected heavy metals within the city of Katowice using the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) as a bioindicator

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Degórska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
The City

Abstract The common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) is considered to be a good indicator species due to its wide spread and high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. It was used in this study to assess contamination with selected heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) within urban habitats of the city of Katowice (southern Poland). Samples were collected from outside the forest regions. Content of heavy metals was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (F-AAS). The soil mineralization was conducted using 50,0 cm3 10% HNO3. Determination of elemental concentrations in the plant material was carried out with the “wet” method using heating blocks for a period of 7-10 days. The following concentration ranges for individual elements in soil were found: 14,03–2049,50 mg kg−1 (Pb), 17,91–4118,00 mg kg−1 (Zn), 0,25–52,93 mg kg−1 (Cd). Concentrations within the leaves of common dandelion were: 5,52–93,04 μg g−1 (Pb), 71,71–807,15 μg g−1 (Zn), 0,10–15,69 μg g−1 (Cd). Plants from the most heavily contaminated soils were characterised by the lowest bioaccumulation coefficient. The most contaminated areas were the districts: Szopienice-Burowiec and Wełnowiec-Józefowiec, while the least contaminated were the southern districts of Katowice (i.e. Zarzecze, Podlesie). There is also a clear link between the content of heavy metals in soils examined in this study and the land use.

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