scholarly journals Isolation and Analysis of Phospholipids in Dairy Foods

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Alcalá
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction ◽  
Positive Effects

The lipid fraction of milk is one of the most complex matrixes in foodstuffs due to the presence of a high number of moieties with different physical and chemical properties. Glycerolipids include glycerol and two fatty acids esterified in positions sn-1 and sn-2 with higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids than in the triglyceride fraction of milk. Sphingolipids consist of a sphingoid base linked to a fatty acid across an amide bond. Their amphiphilic nature makes them suitable to be added into a variety of foods and recent investigations show that phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin, can exert antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities as well as positive effects in Alzheimer’s disease, stress, and memory decline. Polar lipids can be found as natural constituents in the membranes of all living organisms with soybean and eggs as the principal industrial sources, yet they have low contents in phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Animal products are rich sources of these compounds but since there are legal restrictions to avoid transmission of prions, milk and dairy products are gaining interest as alternative sources. This review summarizes the analysis of polar lipids in dairy products including sample preparation (extraction and fractionation/isolation) and analysis by GC or HPLC and the latest research works using ELSD, CAD, and MS detectors.

scholarly journals Extensive Ruminant Production Systems and Milk Quality with Emphasis on Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant Protection Degree and Phenol Content

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cabiddu ◽  
Delgadillo-Puga ◽  
Decandia ◽  
Molle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Dairy products from grazing ruminant have numerous positive effects on human health thanks to their higher content essential fatty acids, vitamins, and polyphenols. Compared to livestock fed a conventional maize silage- and/or grain-based diet, grass-fed livestock produce milk with higher levels of n-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, E, carotenoids, and phenols. The effect is even more pronounced if animals are grazing on legume/forbs-rich grasslands. This review argues, based on the available literature, about the effect of grazing ruminant on milk and cheese quality, including the hedonistic aspects, pointing out the link between territory and dairy products quality (Protected Designation Origin; Protected Geografic Origin; namely PDO and PGI labels). Moreover, it points out the main plant biomarkers which can be used to discriminate grazing sourced from stall-fed sourced milk and dairy products. Overall milk and cheese sourced from grazing animals (cows, sheep and goat) showed higher levels (compared to stall system) of FA, vitamins, phenols, putatively beneficial for consumers’ health. FA and plant secondary metabolites can also affect flavor and some nutritional and technological features of dairy products such as their antioxidant protection degree. This would favour a fair pricing of dairy products sourced from grazing systems and the persistence of viable and sustainable extensive production systems.

Liposomal Formulations from Phospholipids of Greek Almond Oil. Properties and Biological Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Malisiova ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Kostas Dimas ◽  
Dimitrios Kletstas ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Lipids

The seeds of the almond tree [(Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb. (syn. Prunus amygdalus)] were collected in two different periods of maturity and were studied for their lipid content. The total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and were analyzed by HPTLC coupled with a flame ionization detector (HPTLC/FID) and GC-MS. The oils were found to be rich in neutral lipids (89.9% and 96.3% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (10.1% and 3.7% of total lipids) for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of phospholipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid for both oils was 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid). The unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 89.4% and 89.7%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 10.6% and 10.3% for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. Liposomes were prepared from the isolated phospholipids using the thin lipid film methodology, and their physical properties were characterized. Cytotoxicity was found absent when assayed against normal and cancerous cell lines. These new formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetically active ingredients.

Lipid Analysis of Greek Walnut Oil (Juglans regia L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsamouris ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Walnut Oil

The walnut oil (Juglans regia L.) total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and they were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) /FID and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (96.9% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (3.1% of total lipids). The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of sphingolipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 85%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 15%. Two types of liposomes were prepared from the isolated walnut oil phospholipids and characterized as new formulations. These formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetic active ingredients.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACID, CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS OF DEGUMMED AND NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus) OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Zita Letviany Sarungallo ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Risma Uli Situngkir ◽  
Mathelda Kurniaty Roreng ◽  
Meike Meilan Lisangan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

Refining of crude red fruit oil (CRFO) through the degumming and neutralization steps intended to produce oil free of impurities (non triglycerides) such as phospholipids, proteins, residues and carbohydrates, and also reducing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). This study aims to determine the effect of red fruit oil purification through degumming and neutralization stages on chemical properties, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content and tocopherol of red fruit oil (RFO). The results showed that degumming of CRFO did not affect the decrease in water content, FFA levels, peroxide numbers, iodine values, carotenoids and tocopherols content; but decrease in levels of phosphorus, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Neutralization of degummed-RFO (DRFO) did not affect the decrease in water content, iodine value, carotenoid, tocopherol and α-tocopherol; but the FFA levels, peroxide number, phosphorus and β-carotene levels decreased significantly. The fatty acid composition of RFO was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (± 75%), which increases through degumming and neutralization stages. β-carotene is more sensitive than α-tocopherol during refining process of crude oil, but in general, this process can improve the RFO quality.

scholarly journals Influence of the method of disintegration of biomass of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana on the production of lipid fraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Smyatskaya ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Politaeva ◽  
Amira Toumi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the effect of the disintegration of the cell wall of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on the output of the lipid fraction. The biomass of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was grown under laboratory conditions in special photobioreactors at a temperature of 25 °C, with a constant aeration of a mixture of carbon dioxide and air at a rate of 1.5 liters/min, illumination 2200-2800 Lx. Nutrient medium for cultivation contained macro – and micronutrients for high-speed growth of microalgae. Selection of optimal cultivation parameters allows obtaining biomass with desired properties. Disintegration was carried out with the homogenization of biomass and under the influence of microwave radiation. Extraction of lipids was carried out on a semi-automatic extractor according to the Randall method, using organic solvents. The output of the lipid fraction without treatment was 10.18% after the destruction of the cell wall 14.45% with the homogenization of biomass and 13.85% under the influence of microwave radiation. A qualitative analysis of the lipid fraction, carried out under gas chromatography, obtained under various conditions showed that there was no significant difference in composition from the disintegration method. Lipid fractions (more than 50%) in both cases consist mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, of which irreplaceable unsaturated fatty acids constitute more than 18% for both samples. The residual biomass formed after the extraction of the lipid fraction can be used as fertilizer in the plant, for the manufacture of sorption materials for the purification of industrial water and as a biofuel. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of cell wall disintegration on the output of the lipid fraction and qualitative composition.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul RAHMAN ◽  
Salengke Salengke ◽  
Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽  
Meta MAHENDRADATTA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

scholarly journals Chemical composition of germinating Tunisian almond (Prunus Amygdalus Mill.) seedlings oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refka Dhouibi ◽  
◽  
Hanen Oueslati ◽  
Senda Bahri ◽  
Khaled Jabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Almonds (Prunus amygdalus) are a rich source of many essential nutrients. However, there is a lack of enough information on almond varieties' biochemical composition, especially at the germination stage. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the chemical components of the germinating Tunisian almonds. The study included determining the content of oils, proteins, fatty acids, and triglycerides during germination. Results indicated that the oleaginous seeds are rich in oil (55 to 65% of the dry mass) and crude protein (21.825 mg/mL). The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids are oleic and linoleic acids which represent 64.53% and 24.38%, respectively, while palmitic acid is the most dominant saturated fatty acid with 7.65% of the total fatty acids. Also, the primary molecular types of triglycerides detected by L.C. analysis are triolein (32.3%) and dioleolinolein (24.0%), followed by palmitodiolein (12.5%) and oleodilinolein (12.6%.). The physico-chemical properties study revealed that almond oil remains stable, thus preserving its quality and nutritional value, even during transition from dormancy to germination. On the other hand, we also detected the presence of a lipolytic activity which is maximum on the 3rd day of germination (4.66 mUI). Our results indicate that almond oil plays an important role in human nutrition due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, and it is more stable than other oils.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Coffee Oil From Instant-Coffee Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Fahmi Alif Utama Harahap ◽  
Heru Heru ◽  
Yuli Darni ◽  
Simparmin Br. Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Coffee Oil ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The higher demands of fossil energy usage are currently imbalance to its reserves. This issue will give a potency of fossil fuel scarcity that contributes on rising of its cost and disturbing economic stabilization in the future. It is desirable to find another resource which is sustainable and renewable to reduce the dependency on this resource. This study aimed to utilize the oil from instant coffee waste as biodiesel feedstocks. The coffee oil was extracted from instant-coffee waste by Soxhlet extractor and characterized its physical and chemical properties. The solvent extraction through the solid bed of coffee ground performed by five cycles interval using n-hexane as a solvent. Separation processing oil from its hydrocarbon solvent was in a rotary vacuum evaporator and the oil extract collected for further purposes. There was about 17.6% (on a dry weight basis) of coffee oil gained on 20 cycles of extraction. Analysis regarding its physicochemical properties reported that the crude oil has 0.89 g/mL of density, 43.82 mm2/s of kinematic viscosity, 44.47 mg KOH/g of acid value, and 176.40 mg KOH/g of saponification value. The fatty acids composition of the oil provided by GC-MS analyzer showed that unsaturated fatty acids contained, observed as trans-fatty acids rather than cis-fatty acids.

Effect of Dietary Enrichment with Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acids on Blood Metabolites, Hormone Concentration and Ovarian Function in Sahiwal Heifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Sajjan Sihag ◽  
Zile Singh Sihag ◽  
Chandershekhar Santosh Patil ◽  
Surender Singh Dhaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Background: Supplementation of fat, especially those having unsaturated fatty acids has been proposed to carry positive effects on the reproductive organ, beside providing dietary energy to the animals. This experiment was designed to examine the effects of dietary ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acid (FA) rich oil supplementation on blood FA, metabolite and hormone concentrations; ovarian follicular growth and corpus luteum (CL) size in Sahiwal breed heifers.Methods: Eighteen heifers of 18.33±1.14 months of age and 194±4.16 kg of mean body weight were randomly assigned to 3 diets and individually fed as per ICAR (2013) diets. The diets include chopped wheat straw, green fodder and concentrate mixture containing either (i) no added PUFA rich oil but palm oil @ 3.5% (PO; n=6); (ii) 3.5% added soybean oil as ω-6 FA source (SO; n=6); or (iii) 3.5% added linseed oil as ω-3 FA source (LO; n=6).Result: SO increased (P less than 0.05) the plasma concentration of ω-6 FA while LO increased (P less than 0.05) the plasma ω-3 FA. Plasma glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations was not affected due to different diets. Plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in SO and LO in comparison to PO. However, LDL-cholesterol was at par among all the treatments. Growth Hormone (GH) was not influenced due to different types of oil in heifers’ concentrate mixture. Insulin concentration increased (P less than 0.05) in LO compared to others. IGF-1 was statistically higher (P less than 0.05) in SO and LO as compared to CON, which among themselves also varied significantly. Plasma progesterone concentration at day 12 post estrous was higher (P less than 0.05) in LO. PUFA rich oil supplementation in the concentrate mixture of heifers (SO and LO) increased (P less than 0.05) the size of the ovulatory follicles as well as size of CL. It was inferred that feeding PUFA rich oil to pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifer’s results in advantageous changes in the blood metabolites, plasma hormones and ovarian functions.

scholarly journals Analysis of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas  

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
Š. Horníčková ◽  
P. Hrabě ◽  
J. Mařík
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research was performed to examine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of seeds and kernels of Jatropha curcas. The test parameters were the dimensions of the seeds and kernels, required energy for oil extraction, determination of fatty acids in the oil by gas chromatography method, determination of the iodine value, determination of the acid value, determination of total polyphenols by the Folin & Ciocault reagent and determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) by High-performance liquid chromatography. It was ascertained that the size of the seed and kernel varies considerably. Pressing of whole seeds needs more energy (50%) than pressing of kernels. From a chemical point of view it seems to be very appropriate for a production of biofuels. Jatropha curcas contains more polyphenols and vitamin E, which act as antioxidants, than the rape. Due to the low content of unsaturated fatty acids it is chemically suitable to replace the rape-seed oil with Jatropha curcas oil.

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