scholarly journals First-Order Statistical Characteristics of Macrodiversity System with Three Microdiversity MRC Receivers in the Presence of k-µ Short-Term Fading and Gamma Long-Term Fading

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Jaksic ◽  
Mihajlo Stefanovic ◽  
Danijela Aleksic ◽  
Dragan Radenkovic ◽  
Sinisa Minic
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Cumulative Density Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maximum Ratio Combining

Macrodiversity system with macrodiversity SC receiver and three microdiversity MRC (maximum ratio combining) receivers is considered. Independent k-μ short-term fading and correlated Gamma long-term fading are present at the inputs of microdiversity MRC receivers. For this model, the probability density function and the cumulative density function of microdiversity MRC receivers and macrodiversity SC receiver output signal envelopes are calculated. Influences of Gamma shadowing severity, k-μ multipath fading severity, Rician factor and correlation coefficient at probability density function, and cumulative density function of macrodiversity SC receiver output signal envelopes are graphically presented.

Methods of Computing the Probability of Failure Under Extreme Values of Bending Moment

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Alaa Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Analysis

Methods for predicting the probability of failure under extreme values of bending moment (primary loading only) are developed. In order to obtain an accurate estimate of the extreme values of the bending moment, order statistics are used. The wave bending moment amplitude treated as a random variable is considered to follow, in general, Weibull distribution so that the results could be used for short-term as well as long-term analysis. The probability density function of the extreme values of the wave bending moment is obtained and an estimate is made of the most probable value (that is, the mode) and other relevant statistics. The probability of exceeding a given value of wave bending moment in "n" records and during the operational lifetime of the ship is derived. Using this information, the probability of failure is obtained on the basis of an assumed normal probability density function of the resistive strength and deterministic still-water bending moment. Charts showing the relation of the parameters in a nondimensional form are presented. Examples of the use of the charts for long-term and short-term analysis for predicting extreme values of wave bending moment and the corresponding probability of failure are given.

The Joint Probability Density Function of the SSC Combiner Output Signal at two Time Instants in the Presence of Log-Normal Fading

1970 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Krstic ◽  
P. B. Nikolic ◽  
M. C. Stefanovic ◽  
F. Destovic
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Time Instant ◽  
Joint Probability Density Function ◽  
Decision Threshold ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Joint Probability Density

In this paper the probability density function of the Switch and Stay Combiner (SSC) output signal at one time instant and the joint probability density function of the SSC combiner output signal at two time instants, in the presence of log-normal fading, are determined in the closed form expressions. The results are shown graphically for different variance values and decision threshold values. If the digital telecommunication systems work on the manner described in this paper, the error probability will be significantly reduced. Ill. 6, bibl. 24 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.109.3.161

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 2007-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ GÓRA ◽  
ABRAHAM BOYARSKY
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Measure ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Invariant Probability Measure ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Point Transformation

The problem of controlling a chaotic system is treated from a long term statistical basis. Unlike the OGY targeting method that exploits individual unstable orbits, this approach is concerned with targeting the density function of an invariant probability measure. Given a point transformation T, possessing a density function f, we choose [Formula: see text], a different probability density function, to be the target. Using optimization methods, we construct a point transformation [Formula: see text], close to T, whose invariant probability density function is [Formula: see text], or close to [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE BEACH PREDICTIONS OF A NEW LONG-TERM NUMERICAL MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL – A CARIBBEAN CONTEXT

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Ann Villarroel-Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Morphological Model ◽  
Commercial Package ◽  
Formed Part

A recently developed beach change model was investigated to assess its predictive capability with respect to shoreline change. This investigation formed part of a number of analyses being conducted to assess the capability of the numerical model. The model was firstly compared to a commonly used commercial model to assess its output on wave and sediment responses. Secondly, the beach changes were investigated to determine a likely probability density function for the shoreline responses. A number of probability density functions were compared with the results and critical deductions were made. Lastly, the new beach change model has a distinctive feature which attempts to reduce the model run-time to promote greater use. This wave-averaging feature was investigated to determine model performance as parameters were changed. It was shown that the model compares favorably to the commercial package in some aspects, but not all. The shoreline response may be best described by a single probability density function, which makes it quite suitable for quantitative risk analyses. Lastly, the wave-averaging feature can be used to reduce runtime although this requires the user to apply sound judgment in the analyses.

scholarly journals Determination of the Probability Density Function of the Mixture Signal and Additive Noise under Influence of Multiplicative Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012154
Author(s):  
V M Artyushenko ◽  
V I Volovach
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Additive Noise ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Arbitrary Distribution ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Normal Law ◽  
Phase Distortions

Abstract Issues related to effect of multiplicative (modulating) (otherwise amplitude distortions) and additive noises on processed signal are considered. Analysis of statistical characteristics of probability density function (PDF) of instantaneous signal values against background of modulating interference is carried out. Expressions of the joint PDF envelope, phase and instantaneous signal values are obtained, for the case of only phase distortions, as well as the case when fluctuations in amplitude and phase are independent of each other. It is noted that in the second case, with the independence of phase and amplitude distortions, the PDF of the signal, first of all, is determined by the PDF of its instantaneous values and practically does not depend on the PDF of the signal phase. Expressions are obtained for the PDF useful signal and the most common PDF envelope when affecting the signal with modulating noise for deep phase distortions and for its uniform distribution over the interval (0, 2π). In addition, for the case of some functional relationship of phase and amplitude fluctuations, the expression for PDF instantaneous signal values is defined. The presence of such a functional connection allows calculating the PDF of the signal through the statistical characteristics of its envelope. It is obtained that PDF of mixture of signal and additive noise contains arbitrary distribution of phase and amplitude, as well as arbitrary law of distribution of envelope of processed signal. It is obtained that weight coefficients are determined by derivative of characteristic function of amplitude distortion in case when PDFs of said mixture are distributed according to normal law and functional connection exists between amplitude and phase distortions.

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