scholarly journals Adolescent Light Cigarette Smoking Patterns and Adult Cigarette Smoking

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Constance Wiener ◽  
Alcinda K. Trickett Shockey ◽  
Susan K. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Light Smoking ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Purpose. Light cigarette smoking has had limited research. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between light smoking in adolescence with smoking in adulthood. Methods. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data, Waves I and IV, were analyzed. Previous month adolescent smoking of 1–5 cigarettes/day (cpd) (light smoking); 6–16 cpd (average smoking); 17 or more cpd (heavy smoking); and nonsmoking were compared with the outcome of adult smoking. Results. At baseline, 15.9% of adolescents were light smokers, 6.8% were average smokers, and 3.6% were heavy smokers. The smoking patterns were significantly related to adult smoking. In logistic regression analyses, adolescent light smokers had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.45 (95% CI: 2.00, 3.00) of adult smoking; adolescent average or heavy smokers had AOR of 5.57 (95% CI: 4.17, 7.43) and 5.23 (95% CI: 3.29, 8.31), respectively. Conclusion. Individuals who initiate light cigarette smoking during adolescence are more likely to smoke as young adults. Practical Implications. When screening for tobacco use by adolescents, there is a need to verify that the adolescents understand that light smoking constitutes smoking. There is a need for healthcare providers to initiate interventions for adolescent light smoking.

scholarly journals The Smoking Patterns of Women in Their Forties: Their Relationship to Later Osteoporosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Brook ◽  
Elinor B. Balka ◽  
Chenshu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Women Smokers ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Osteoporosis is prevalent among women 50 years of age and older and accounts for numerous fractures and the related deaths of many sufferers. In this study, 22.4% of the women reported having osteoporosis. Smoking contributes substantially to osteoporotic fractures. This study assessed how different trajectories of women's smoking, covering the ages 40 to 48 years, relate to osteoporosis at age 65. Trajectory analysis of tobacco use data reveals smoking patterns which may have differing relationships to osteoporosis. Logistic regression analyses revealed the varying relationships of different smoking patterns to osteoporosis. As hypothesized, the chronic/heavy smokers were significantly more likely than the non-smokers to report having osteoporosis. Quitters and moderate smokers did not differ significantly from non-smokers on the osteoporosis measure. Chronic/heavy smokers should not be the only focus of public health efforts to reduce smoking and the associated risks of osteoporosis. The findings also highlight the efficacy of women smokers quitting in their 40s in order to reduce their likelihood of contracting osteoporosis.

The Drug–Crime Connection in Adolescent and Adult Respondents

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The aim of this study was to determine whether the nature of the drug–crime relationship differs as a function of participant age (adolescent vs. adult). It was hypothesized that the Drug × Crime interaction would predict subsequent drug use and serious offending in 924 early- to mid-adolescents but not in 722 adults. All participants came from the Offending, Crime, and Justice Survey conducted in England and Wales between 2003 and 2006. The hypothesis was supported by the results of two separate two-equation multivariate linear regression analyses. These findings indicate that the relationship between drug use and criminal offending varies as a function of participant age, such that the relationship is interactive during its formative years but becomes cumulative or additive during early adulthood. The research, theoretical, and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Investigating the Relationship Between Information Literacy and Social Media Competence Among University Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 073563312199736
Author(s):  
Sha Zhu ◽  
Harrison Hao Yang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Feixiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Student Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Although the current landscape in education emphasizes the importance of developing students’ information literacy in formal education settings, little attention has been paid to information literacy within the context of social media use. This study investigated the relationship between information literacy and social media competence (SMC) among 1843 university students. This was done in order to increase knowledge of the components that may be important for preparing university students to be information literate citizens in social media environments. Students’ information literacy and SMC were measured by the Student Information Literacy Test and the SMC-CS scale respectively. Correlation and regression analyses were utilized to explore the relationship between university students’ information literacy and their SMC. The results showed that university students’ ability to utilize information technology to solve problems, and their sense of responsible behavior in cyberspace, are the most critical factors in predicting students’ SMC. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed in terms of enhancing university students’ information literacy and SMC.

scholarly journals Smoking habits in Syria and the influence of war on cigarette and shisha smoking.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Kakaje ◽  
Mohammad M Alhalabi ◽  
Ayham Alyousbashi ◽  
Ayham Ghareeb ◽  
Laura Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Smoking Pattern ◽  
Additional Burden ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Social Smokers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Backgrounds: Shisha smoking has become an epidemic since the nineties and it adds an additional burden over cigarette smoking as it is more harmful, smoked socially and is widely accepted in many countries. We aim to discuss shisha and cigarette smoking prevalence in the Syrian community and university students with their associated risk factors and the relationship with many war factors.Methods: Online surveys were used that contained demographic and war-related questions along with cigarette and shisha smoking pattern questions.Results: The sample contained 987 responders with a mean age of 24.69, 25.7% being males, 16.4% smoking cigarettes, and 29.3% smoking shisha. Cigarette and shisha smoking was more common in males with P<0.0001 (OR, 4.762; 95% CI 3.333-6.757) and P=0.047 (OR, 1.364; 95% CI 1.003-1.855) for cigarettes and shisha respectively. Males also smoked daily, for longer years, more packs and more shisha every week than females P<0.05. However, females were more social smokers. While cigarette smoking was more prevalent in older ages, shisha was so in younger ages. Having a job, certain types of work and students at certain faculties were correlated with smoking more P<0.05. Losing someone due to the war and being distressed from war noises were also correlated with smoking. Field of education affected smoking patters as medical field students smoked fewer cigarettes and shisha while social studies students smoked more. Being a labourer, working as a clerk or in a restaurant, or as a technician was more frequently associated with smoking. However, no associations were found with SES, marital status and changing place of living due to war.Conclusions: Males tend to smoke more, heavier, more consistent, and for longer periods than females while women smoked shisha more socially. War increases smoking patterns while SES did not affect smoking in Syria. Shisha smoking increased and cigarette smoking decreased compared to previous studies and cigarette smoking remains lower than other regional countries, but shisha smoking is higher when compared to many other countries.

Servant Leadership and Team Performance: The Mediating Role of Knowledge-Sharing Climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1749-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhoo Song ◽  
Kwangseo Ryan Park ◽  
Seung-Wan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

We examined servant leadership as a precursor to a knowledge-sharing climate and demonstrated the mediating role of knowledge-sharing climate in the relationship between servant leadership and team performance. Data from 67 teams, comprising 1,884 direct sales representatives of a large cosmetics company in South Korea, were analyzed at the team level. Actual team sales data were obtained from the company 3 months after surveying, and regression analyses and bootstrapping were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed 2 key findings: servant leadership positively affected the knowledge-sharing climate of the team; and knowledge-sharing climate mediated the relationship between servant leadership and team sales performance. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Age at Smoking Onset and Risk of Heavy Cigarette Smoking Among Iranian Adult Male: An Application of Generalized Additive Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Manoochehri ◽  
Javad Faradmal ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract Background: Because the age at which a person first starts smoking has such a strong correlation with future smoking behaviours, it's crucial to examine its relationship with smoking intensity. However, it is still challenging to accurately identify this relationship due to limitations in the methodology of the performed studies .Therefore the main purpose of this study is to evaluate this relationship and also to identify the other risk factors affecting smoking intensity using an appropriate model.Methods: Data from 913 Iranian male current smokers over the age of 18 was evaluated from a national cross-sectional survey of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in 2016. Individuals were classified into: light, moderate, and heavy smokers. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the relationship.Results: 246 (26.9%) subjects were light smokers, 190 (20.8%) subjects were moderate smokers and 477 (52.2%) subjects were heavy smokers. According to the GAM results, the relationship was nonlinear and smokers who started smoking at a younger age were more likely to become heavy smokers. The factors of unemployment (OR = 1.364), retirement (OR = 1.217), and exposure to secondhand smoke at home (OR = 1.364) increased the risk of heavy smoking. but, smokers with high-income (OR = 0.742) had a low tendency to heavy smoking. Conclusions: GAM identified the nonlinear relationship between the age of onset of smoking and smoking intensity. Tobacco control programs should be focused on young and adolescent groups and poorer socio-economic communities.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Dating App Use: Findings from a Survey in a Sample of Adults in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-569
Author(s):  
Luca Flesia ◽  
Valentina Fietta ◽  
Carlo Foresta ◽  
Merylin Monaro
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Heavy Smoker ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Active User ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Existing studies in the literature indicate an association between the use of dating apps and substance-related behaviours (i.e., alcohol consumption, drug consumption). However, to date, no studies investigated the relation between dating app use and smoking. This study aims to explore this association. A total of 1278 respondents completed an online ad hoc questionnaire assessing demographics, smoking habits, dating app use, motivations for using dating apps. Multiple logistic regression analyses were run to investigate the relation between demographics and dating apps use on tobacco consumption. Being active user was significantly associated with being smoker, light daily and moderate-to-heavy smoker. Among users, using apps with the motive of searching for friends accounted for lower odds of smoking, light daily smoking and moderate-to-heavy smoking. However, heavy dating app users were less likely to smoke, to be light daily smokers and to be moderate-to-heavy smokers. The study indicates an association between using the apps and smoking, suggesting that motives for using the apps and intensity of use may moderate this association.

Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Wen ◽  
Zan Lin ◽  
Wenlong Yan ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Background Current studies demonstrate controversy regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between smoking and ONFH. Relevant articles published before September 2016 were identified by a systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE via Ovid. Summary odds ratios (OR) were calculated using random effects models, and study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results 102 citations were screened and 7 case-control studies were identified and included in the review. When compared with nonsmokers, current smokers had a higher risk of developing ONFH (OR 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68-3.79), as did former smokers (OR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.10-3.00). Within the group of current smokers, those classified as heavy smokers (with a daily number >20 cigarettes/day) demonstrated higher risks of ONFH (OR 2.03; 95% CI, 1.29-3.19), and light smokers classified as smoking <20 cigarettes/day, also demonstrated a higher risk of ONFH when compared with nonsmokers (OR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.06-2.83). When smoking was classified by pack-years, heavy smokers (>20 pack-years) were at a higher risk of ONFH (OR 2.26; 95% CI, 1.24-4.13), but no significant difference in risk was identified in light smokers (<20 pack-years) (OR 1.81; 95% CI, 0.88-3.71) when compared with nonsmokers. Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that current smokers were at a higher risk of ONFH, this high risk can also be found in former smokers. And heavy cigarette smoking showed a higher risk of ONFH than light smoking.

The Roles of Alcohol Drinking and Dietary Factors in the U-shaped Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Body Mass Index in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Rural Adults: Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Pan ◽  
Ming Su ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Pengfei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Smokers ◽  
Rural Adults

Abstract Background To investigate the relationship between smoking behaviour and BMI, from the perspective of the roles of alcohol drinking and dietary factors in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural population. Methods The authors analysed cross-sectional data from 10,837 middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural adults aged from 35 to 75 years who in 2011-2017 completed a questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and detailed smoking and drinking status. Results Current smokers tended to have a lower BMI and consume foods less frequently (except coriander, onion, garlic, hawthorn and fermented bean curd) than non-smokers. The relationship between smoking amount and the risk of being overweight or obese was U-shaped, and the trends were also similar by stratum of baseline age groups (all p for interaction ˂ 0.001). Heavy smokers tended to have drinking habits, whereas drinking was found to be associated with increased risk of being overweight or obese (all p for trend ˂ 0.001). In addition, despite the lower risk of being overweight or obese for current smokers, the normal weight individuals were found to have the minimum smoking amount. Conclusions This study suggests that cigarette smoking may cause suppression of appetite but smokers tend to have other unhealthy habits relating to increased body weight, and highlights that dietary factors and alcohol use play important roles in the U-shaped relationship between smoking behaviours and BMI in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese rural population. Additionally, people rarely or never smoke may be more likely to be within a normal BMI range than heavy smokers.

Stopping the tobacco habit

1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
The Will ◽  
Smoking And Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aromatic Oils ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

It might reasonably be claimed that smoking in moderation is a pleasure - that only heavy smoking is a habit. Pleasure or habit, one British doctor in two does not smoke, and probably more people than ever before are trying to give up smoking. This is the result of the brilliant epidemiological studies which point so strongly to the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer of the lung, and cigarette smoking and bronchitis (Smoking and Health, Royal College of Physicians 1962). Though the will may be there the way is not always easy, and a number of “anti-smoking” preparations are offered to help keep the smoker from his tobacco. They include astringent lozenges to make smoking unpleasant for him (Finifume; Nicobrevin; Terminex; Ancig; Stanwood treatment), lozenges containing a local anaesthetic and aromatic oils presumably to dull or lull his taste (present in some of the preparations named), and tablets containing lobeline to substitute for nicotine (Lobidan; Cigenda; Lobron). There are also cachous (tablets to be chewed or sucked) which are claimed to antagonise the flavour of tobacco without affecting the taste of food or drink (Nicoban).

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