scholarly journals Effect of Single Administration of Coffee on Pupil Size and Ocular Wavefront Aberration Measurements in Healthy Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Bardak ◽  
Murat Gunay ◽  
Ugur Mumcu ◽  
Yavuz Bardak
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
The Impact

No study has so far evaluated the impact of coffee drinking on ocular wavefront aberration (OWA) measurements. This study presents novel findings regarding the OWA of the eye following coffee intake. We aimed to evaluate the acute changes in pupil size and OWA of the eye after single administration of coffee. A total of 30 otherwise healthy participants were included in this prospective study. All subjects drank a cup of coffee containing 57 mg caffeine. Measurements of pupil size, total coma (TC), total trefoil (TF), total spherical aberration (TSA), and total higher order aberration (HOA) were performed before and at 5 minutes, at 30 minutes, and at 4 hours after coffee drinking using a wavefront aberrometer device (Irx3, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The mean age of the study population was 20.30 ± 2.74 years. Pupil size did not show a significant change during the measurements (p>0.05). A significant increase was observed in TF and HOA measurements following coffee intake (p=0.029andp=0.009, resp.). Single administration of coffee results in significant increase in TF and total HOAs in healthy subjects without any effect on pupil diameter. Ultrastructural changes in the cornea following coffee intake might be of relevance to the alterations in ocular aberrations in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Pupil Size and Ocular Aberrations: A Pre- and Postsmoking Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzeyir Erdem ◽  
Fatih C. Gundogan ◽  
Umut Aslı Dinc ◽  
Umit Yolcu ◽  
Abdullah Ilhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Optical Path Difference ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Ocular Aberrations ◽  
Higher Order Aberration

Aim.To evaluate the acute effects of cigarette smoking on photopic and mesopic pupil sizes and wavefront aberrations.Methods.Cigarette smoker volunteers were recruited in the study. Photopic and mesopic pupil sizes and total ocular aberrations were measured before smoking and immediately after smoking. All volunteers were asked to smoke a single cigarette containing 1.0 mg nicotine. Pupil sizes and total ocular aberrations were assessed by optical path difference scanning system (OPD-Scan II ARK-10000, NIDEK). Only the right eyes were considered for statistical analysis. The changes of pupil size and total ocular aberrations after smoking were tested for significance by Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results.Mean photopic pupil size decreased from 3.52 ± 0.73 mm to 3.29 ± 0.58 mm(P=0.001)after smoking. Mean mesopic pupil size was also decreased from 6.42 ± 0.75 mm to 6.14 ± 0.75 mm after smoking(P=0.001). There was a decrease in all the measured components of aberrations (total wavefront aberration, higher-order aberration, total coma, total trefoil, total tetrafoil, total spherical aberration and total higher-order aberration) after smoking; however the differences were insignificant for all(P>0.05).Conclusion.Our results indicate that pupil constricts after smoking. On the other hand, smoking does not alter ocular aberrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Validation of a Joint Stress Test to Induce Activity-Related Knee Joint Discomfort — a Prospective Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schön ◽  
Claudia Reule ◽  
Katharina Knaub ◽  
Antje Micka ◽  
Manfred Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Joint Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Function

Abstract Background The assessment of improvement or maintenance of joint health in healthy subjects is a great challenge. The aim of the study was the evaluation of a joint stress test to assess joint discomfort in subjects with activity-related knee joint discomfort (ArJD). Results Forty-five subjects were recruited to perform the single-leg-step-down (SLSD) test (15 subjects per group). Subjects with ArJD of the knee (age 22–62 years) were compared to healthy subjects (age 24–59 years) with no knee joint discomfort during daily life sporting activity and to subjects with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee joint (OA, Kellgren score 2–3, age 42–64 years). The subjects performed the SLSD test with two different protocols: (I) standardization for knee joint discomfort; (II) standardization for load on the knee joint. In addition, range of motion (ROM), reach test, acute pain at rest and after a single-leg squat and knee injury, and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) were assessed. In OA and ArJD subjects, knee joint discomfort could be reproducibly induced in a short time interval of less than 10 min (200 steps). In healthy subjects, no pain was recorded. A clear differentiation between study groups was observed with the SLSD test (maximal step number) as well as KOOS questionnaire, ROM, and reach test. In addition, a moderate to good intra-class correlation was shown for the investigated outcomes. Conclusions These results suggest the SLSD test is a reliable tool for the assessment of knee joint health function in ArJD and OA subjects to study the improvements in their activities. Further, this model can be used as a stress model in intervention studies to study the impact of stress on knee joint health function.

scholarly journals Impact of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 during Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
Gaetano Isola ◽  
Alessandro Polizzi ◽  
Vincenzo Ronsivalle ◽  
Angela Alibrandi ◽  
Giuseppe Palazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Predictor ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to play a key role in endothelial function and perhaps pivotal in the correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). For the study, the impact of MMP-9 of periodontitis and CVD on serum and saliva concentrations was analyzed. For the study patients with periodontitis (n = 31), CVD (n = 31), periodontitis + CVD (n = 31), and healthy patients (n = 31) were enrolled. Clinical and demographic characteristics as well as serum and salivary MMP-9 were evaluated. MMP-9 concentrations in serum and saliva were statistically elevated in patients with CVD (p < 0.01) and in patients with periodontitis plus CVD (p < 0.001) compared to patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Multivariate regression analysis showed that c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was the only significant predictor for MMP-9 serum (p < 0.001), whereas hs-CRP (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.029) were the statistically significant salivary MMP-9 predictors. This study evidenced that patients with CVD and periodontitis + CVD presented elevated MMP-9 concentrations in serum and saliva compared to patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Furthermore, hs-CRP was a negative predictor of serum and salivary MMP-9.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antimicrobial Drugs Tylocolinum, Tetragold and Cidisept-o on Escherichia coli Ultrastructure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
A. G. Shakhov ◽  
D. V. Fedosov ◽  
L. Y. Sashnina ◽  
O. V. Kazimirov
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
The Impact

<p>As a result of wide antibiotics, sulfonamides and other antimicrobial agents usage for the therapy of the animals with the bacterial infections caused by various causative agents including <em>Escherichia coli</em>, many microorganisms gained resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. New combined drugs are being worked out during recent years, the components of which have various influence mechanisms on the bacterial cell that helps to provide resistance forming control. The results of the researches of the new antimicrobial agents, containing antibiotics in their composition, and non-antibiotic agent influence on the ultrastructure of <em>Escherichia coli</em> are represented in this study.</p> <p>5-hour <em>Escherichia coli 866</em> culture was processed by the drugs of the minimum bactericidal (Tylocolinum-0.39 µg/ml, Tetragold-6.25 µg/ml, Cidisept-o-25 µg/ml) and 4-time concentrations during 3 hours. Samples and control culture (without drugs) were fixed by the 2.5% glutaricdialdehyde on the s-Collidine Buffer, dehydrated in the ethanol with rising concentration, filled in epoxies. Ultrathin slices were stained by 2% water solution of uranyl acetate and lead citrate for 10 minutes. Then they were examined with the use of the electron microscope JEM-100 CX II by JEOL.</p> <p>The research showed deep ultrastructural changes in <em>Escherichia coli</em> cells under the antimicrobial agent influence determined by synergistic effect of combined Tylocolinum and Tetragold drugs components, possessing various bacteria influencing mechanisms, and aldehyde that is a component of Cidisept-o.</p> The electron microscopy usage allows to get unique information about the impact consequences of the traditional improved drugs and new drugs with antimicrobial activity on the bacterial infectious agents.

scholarly journals Effect of Spherical Aberration on the Optical Quality after Implantation of Two Different Aspherical Intraocular Lenses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lasta ◽  
Kata Miháltz ◽  
Illés Kovács ◽  
Pia Veronika Vécsei-Marlovits
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Strehl Ratio ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Medical Optics ◽  
Aspherical Iol

Purpose. To compare the effect of spherical aberration on optical quality in eyes with two different aspherical intraocular lenses. Methods. 120 eyes of 60 patients underwent phacoemulsification. In patients’ eyes, an aberration-free IOL (Aspira-aA; Human Optics) or an aberration-correcting aspherical IOL (Tecnis ZCB00; Abott Medical Optics) was randomly implanted. After surgery, contrast sensitivity and wavefront measurements as well as tilt and decentration measurements were performed. Results. Contrast sensitivity was significantly higher in eyes with Aspira lens under mesopic conditions with 12 cycles per degree (CPD) and under photopic conditions with 18 CPD (p=0.02). Wavefront measurements showed a higher total spherical aberration with a minimal pupil size of 4 mm in the Aspira group (0.05 ± 0.03) than in the Tecnis group (0.03 ± 0.02) (p=0.001). Strehl ratio was higher in eyes with Tecnis (0.28 ± 0.17) with a minimal pupil size larger than 5 mm than that with Aspira (0.16 ± 0.14) (p=0.04). In pupils with a minimum diameter of 4 mm spherical aberration had a significant effect on Strehl ratio, but not in pupils with a diameter less than 4 mm. Conclusions. Optical quality was better in eyes with the aberration-correcting Tecnis IOL when pupils were large. In contrast, this could not be shown in eyes with pupils under 4 mm or larger. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03224728.

scholarly journals Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Taste Perception—A Scoping Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Alessandro Micarelli ◽  
Sandro Malacrida ◽  
Giacomo Strapazzon ◽  
Simona Mrakic-Sposta ◽  
Beatrice Micarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Fatty Acid Salt ◽  
Taste Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Food

The aim of the present scoping review was to evaluate the impact of experimental meal loads or observational diet changes/habits on taste tests in both healthy subjects and patients. A systematic search performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science electronic databases retrieved, respectively 2981, 6258, and 7555 articles from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 17 articles were included for full-text review. Literature results were stratified according to the observational/interventional approach, the involvement of healthy subjects or patients, the taste test, and the meal/dietary changes. The present scoping review reinforced the notions postulating that certain taste tests (for example focusing on fatty acid, salt, or sugar) might be specifically influenced by the nutritional intervention and that other ones might be susceptible to a wide span of changes beyond the extent of tastant included in the specific food changes. This could also depend on the inhomogeneity of literature trend: The short duration of the intervention or the random type of meal load, unsuitability of the taste test chosen, and the presence of underlying disorders. Future studies for a better comprehension of taste tests reliability in relation to specific food changes are thus to be fostered.

scholarly journals Differential uptake of three clinically relevant allergens by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Zurmühl ◽  
Anna Schmitt ◽  
Ulrike Formentini ◽  
Johannes Weiss ◽  
Heike Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Der P 1 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have a dual role as interferon-producing and antigen-presenting cells. Their relevance for allergic diseases is controversial. and the impact of pDC on allergic immune responses is poorly understood. Methods This in vitro study on human pDC isolated from peripheral blood was designed to compare side by side the uptake of three clinically relevant representative allergens: fluorochrome-labeled house dust mite Der p 1, Bee venom extract from Apis mellifera (Api) and the food allergen OVA analyzed flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results We found that the internalization and its regulation by TLR9 ligation was significantly different between allergens in terms of time course and strength of uptake. Api and OVA uptake in pDC of healthy subjects was faster and reached higher levels than Der p 1 uptake. CpG ODN 2006 suppressed OVA uptake and to a lesser extent Der p 1, while Api internalization was not affected. All allergens colocalized with LAMP1 and EEA1, with Api being internalized particularly fast and reaching highest intracellular levels in pDC. Of note, we could not determine any specific differences in antigen uptake in allergic compared with healthy subjects. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study that directly compares uptake regulation of clinically relevant inhalative, injective and food allergens in pDC. Our findings may help to explain differences in the onset and severity of allergic reactions as well as in the efficiency of AIT.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Adaptation of the Cardiomyocyte to Chronic Mitral Regurgitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Corporan ◽  
Ana Segura ◽  
Muralidhar Padala
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Introduction: Mitral regurgitation (MR) imposes volume overload on the left ventricle (LV) and elevates wall stress, triggering its adverse remodeling. Pronounced LV dilation, minimal wall thinning, and a gradual decline in cardiac ejection fraction (EF) are observed. The structural changes in the myocardium that define these gross, organ level remodeling are not known. Cardiomyocyte elongation and slippage have both been hypothesized, but neither are confirmed, nor are the changes to the cardiomyocyte structure known. Using a rodent model of MR, we used immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to describe the ultrastructural remodeling of the cardiomyocyte.Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (350–400 g) were assigned to two groups: group (1) rats induced with severe MR (n = 18) and group (2) control rats that were healthy and age and weight matched (n = 6). MR was induced in the beating heart using a 23-G ultrasound-guided, transapical needle to perforate the anterior mitral leaflet, and the rats were followed to 2, 10, and 20 weeks (n = 6/time-point). Echocardiography was performed to quantify MR severity and to measure LV volume and function at each time-point. Explanted myocardial tissue were examined with TEM and immunohistochemistry to investigate the ultrastructural changes.Results: MR induced rapid and significant increase in end-diastolic volume (EDV), with a 50% increase by 2 weeks, compared with control. Rise in end-systolic volume (ESV) was more gradual; however, by 20 weeks, both EDV and ESV in MR rats were increased by 126% compared with control. A significant decline in EF was measured at 10 weeks of MR. At the ultrastructural level, as early as 2 weeks after MR, cardiomyocyte elongation and increase in cross-sectional area were observed. TEM depicted sarcomere shortening, with loss of Z-line and I-band. Desmin, a cytoskeletal protein that is uniformly distributed along the length of the cardiomyocyte, was disorganized and localized to the intercalated disc, in the rats induced with MR and not in the controls. In the rats with MR, the linear registry of the mitochondrial arrangement along the sarcomeres was lost, with mitochondrial fragmentation, aggregation around the nucleus, and irregularities in the cristae.Discussion: In the setting of chronic mitral regurgitation, LV dilatation occured by cardiomyocyte elongation, which manifests at the subcellular level as distinct ultrastructural alterations of the sarcomere, cytoskeleton, and mitochondria. Since the cytoskeleton not only provides tensegrity but has functional consequences on myocyte function, further investigation into the impact of cytoskeletal remodeling on progressive heart failure or recovery of function upon correcting the valve lesion are needed.

Acute Effects of an Inorganic Phosphorus Additive on Mineral Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Volk ◽  
Benjamin Schmidt ◽  
Corinna Brandsch ◽  
Tabea Kurze ◽  
Ulf Schlegelmilch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Hyperphosphatemia and high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney diseases. However, the impact of an inorganic phosphorus additive in healthy people is largely unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the acute effect of excessive dietary phosphorus administered as sodium dihydrogen phosphate on the postprandial levels of Pi and FGF23 and the response to food. Methods This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with 29 healthy male and female participants from the general community who were administered a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus (NaH2PO4) or a sodium-adjusted placebo in combination with a test meal. Postprandial plasma levels of Pi and FGF23 were measured. Results Compared with placebo, oral phosphorus increased the plasma Pi level, which remained elevated during the ensuing 8 hours (at 480 minutes: 1.31 vs 1.16 mmol/l; P &lt; 0.001), increased urinary Pi (iAUC0-480 789 vs 95 mmol/mmol; P &lt; 0.001), reduced tubular Pi reabsorption (iAUC0-480 −31.5 vs −6.2; P &lt; 0.001), decreased urinary calcium (iAUC0-240 30.6 vs 53.0 mmol/mmol; P = 0.009), and stimulated the release of parathyroid hormone (iAUC0-480 2212 vs 768 ng/l; P &lt; 0.001). However, the FGF23 levels did not change. Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids were not substantially affected by phosphorus vs placebo. Conclusion An oral phosphorus load can induce elevated postprandial levels of circulating Pi for hours in healthy subjects, despite rapid homeostatic counterreactions. FGF23 levels and the postprandial response to food were not affected.

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