scholarly journals Acute Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Pupil Size and Ocular Aberrations: A Pre- and Postsmoking Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzeyir Erdem ◽  
Fatih C. Gundogan ◽  
Umut Aslı Dinc ◽  
Umit Yolcu ◽  
Abdullah Ilhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Optical Path Difference ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Ocular Aberrations ◽  
Higher Order Aberration

Aim.To evaluate the acute effects of cigarette smoking on photopic and mesopic pupil sizes and wavefront aberrations.Methods.Cigarette smoker volunteers were recruited in the study. Photopic and mesopic pupil sizes and total ocular aberrations were measured before smoking and immediately after smoking. All volunteers were asked to smoke a single cigarette containing 1.0 mg nicotine. Pupil sizes and total ocular aberrations were assessed by optical path difference scanning system (OPD-Scan II ARK-10000, NIDEK). Only the right eyes were considered for statistical analysis. The changes of pupil size and total ocular aberrations after smoking were tested for significance by Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results.Mean photopic pupil size decreased from 3.52 ± 0.73 mm to 3.29 ± 0.58 mm(P=0.001)after smoking. Mean mesopic pupil size was also decreased from 6.42 ± 0.75 mm to 6.14 ± 0.75 mm after smoking(P=0.001). There was a decrease in all the measured components of aberrations (total wavefront aberration, higher-order aberration, total coma, total trefoil, total tetrafoil, total spherical aberration and total higher-order aberration) after smoking; however the differences were insignificant for all(P>0.05).Conclusion.Our results indicate that pupil constricts after smoking. On the other hand, smoking does not alter ocular aberrations.

Aberrations

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-248
Author(s):  
B. D. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Optical Path Difference ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Curvature

Using simple ray tracinig technliques presented in Chapter 6, we demonstrate that a general ray is not focused to the position predicted by paraxial theory. The aberration displayed is spherical aberration. Two methods of measuring aberration: the use of optical path difference to characterize wavefront aberration. The transverse ray coefficients to generate a ray intercept plot. Experimental examples of all the third order aberrations are given. In addition to spherical aberration, they include coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion Only two types of aberration correction are discussed, removal of spherical aberration in the Hubble Space telescope and chromatic aberration. A detailed example of chromatic aberration is given.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Pseudo-Accommodation—The Difference between Subjectively Reported Range of Clear Focus and Objectively Measured Accommodation Range

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Dhallu ◽  
Sheppard ◽  
Drew ◽  
Mihashi ◽  
Zapata-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Ocular Aberrations ◽  
Defocus Curve ◽  
Neural Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Objectively Measured

The key determinants of the range of clear focus in pre-presbyopes and their relative contributions to the difference between subjective range of focus and objective accommodation assessments have not been previously quantified. Fifty participants (aged 33.0 ± 6.4 years) underwent simultaneous monocular subjective (visual acuity measured with an electronic test-chart) and objective (dynamic accommodation measured with an Aston open-field aberrometer) defocus curve testing for lenses between +2.00 to -10.00 DS in +0.50 DS steps in a randomized order. Pupil diameter and ocular aberrations (converted to visual metrics normalized for pupil size) at each level of blur were measured. The difference between objective range over which the power of the crystalline lens changes and the subjective range of clear focus was quantified and the results modelled using pupil size, refractive error, tolerance to blur, and ocular aberrations. The subjective range of clear focus was principally accounted for by age (46.4%) and pupil size (19.3%). The objectively assessed accommodative range was also principally accounted for by age (27.6%) and pupil size (15.4%). Over one-quarter (26.0%) of the difference between objective accommodation and subjective range of clear focus was accounted for by age (14.0%) and spherical aberration at maximum accommodation (12.0%). There was no significant change in the objective accommodative response (F=1.426, p=0.229) or pupil size (F=0.799, p=0.554) of participants for levels of defocus above their amplitude of accommodation. Pre-presbyopes benefit from an increased subjective range of clear vision beyond their objective accommodation due in part to neural factors, resulting in a measured depth-of-focus of, on average, 1.0D.

scholarly journals Effect of Single Administration of Coffee on Pupil Size and Ocular Wavefront Aberration Measurements in Healthy Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Bardak ◽  
Murat Gunay ◽  
Ugur Mumcu ◽  
Yavuz Bardak
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
The Impact

No study has so far evaluated the impact of coffee drinking on ocular wavefront aberration (OWA) measurements. This study presents novel findings regarding the OWA of the eye following coffee intake. We aimed to evaluate the acute changes in pupil size and OWA of the eye after single administration of coffee. A total of 30 otherwise healthy participants were included in this prospective study. All subjects drank a cup of coffee containing 57 mg caffeine. Measurements of pupil size, total coma (TC), total trefoil (TF), total spherical aberration (TSA), and total higher order aberration (HOA) were performed before and at 5 minutes, at 30 minutes, and at 4 hours after coffee drinking using a wavefront aberrometer device (Irx3, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The mean age of the study population was 20.30 ± 2.74 years. Pupil size did not show a significant change during the measurements (p>0.05). A significant increase was observed in TF and HOA measurements following coffee intake (p=0.029andp=0.009, resp.). Single administration of coffee results in significant increase in TF and total HOAs in healthy subjects without any effect on pupil diameter. Ultrastructural changes in the cornea following coffee intake might be of relevance to the alterations in ocular aberrations in healthy subjects.

Repeatability of i.Profiler for Measuring Wavefront Aberrations in Healthy Eyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liao ◽  
Mei-Jie Wang ◽  
Qing-Qing Tan ◽  
Chang-Jun Lan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Wavefront Aberration ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wavefront Aberrations ◽  
Corneal Aberrations

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the repeatability of wavefront aberration measurements and the correlation between corneal aberration and pupil size in normal eyes using a wavefront-based autorefractor (i.ProfilerPlus; Carl Zeiss Vision, Germany). Methods A prospective cross-sectional study. Wavefront aberrations, including SA (Z40), coma (Z3 − 1, Z31), trefoil (Z3 − 3, Z33) and total higher-order aberrations (tHOA), were measured at different pupil diameters. The repeatability was evaluated using one-way ANOVA method, and statistical indicators including within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test-retest repeatability (TRT), and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The correlations between corneal aberrations and pupil sizes were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results A total of 96 healthy young volunteers were enrolled. Corneal and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOA) measured by i.Profiler showed Sw<0.01µm, TRT < 0.10µm, ICC > 0.90. There was a linear positive correlation between the corneal HOA and pupil size. The correlation coefficient between SA and tHOA was the largest (r = 0.996, P < 0.001). Conclusions The measurements of wavefront aberrations by i.Profiler are highly repeatable. Corneal HOA is significantly dependent on pupil size. SA is the most influential aberration for visual quality.

scholarly journals Comparison of Higher-Order Aberration Values between Different Aberrometry Technologies in Preoperative Laser Refractive Surgery Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Muziman Syah ◽  
Khairidzan Mohd Kamal ◽  
Najwa Munirah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Aminul Hakim Sofian Sauri ◽  
Noor Atikah Mad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Corneal Aberrations ◽  
Laser Technologies ◽  
Wavefront Measurement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Profiler Plus ◽  
Higher Order Aberration

Introduction: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter-device agreement of ocular and corneal higher-order aberration measurements using various aberrometers. Materials and method: Ocular and corneal higher-order aberrations were measured from 57 eyes. For ocular aberration, the measurements were obtained from WASCA Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), i-Profiler Plus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and OPD-Scan III (NIDEK Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Whereas for corneal aberration, an additional measurement was obtained from Atlas Corneal Topographer 9000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). All the measurements were displayed by the Zernike algorithm. Root mean squares of total, 3rd and 4th order of higher-order aberrations were compared between any three devices using repeated measured analysis of variance. The Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson's correlation were employed to assess agreement and strength of relationship between measurements. Results: For ocular aberrations, there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in all comparisons except for total higher-order aberration, oblique and horizontal trefoil. Whereas for corneal aberrations, vertical coma, spherical aberration and with-therule/against-the-rule secondary astigmatism between devices were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). The most agreeable device pairs for ocular and corneal aberrations were demonstrated by i-Profiler Plus - OPD Scan III (95% limit of agreement: -0.340 to 0.730) and Atlas Corneal Topographer 9000 - i-Profiler Plus (limit of agreement: 0.196 to 0.520) respectively. The r-values are stronger than 0.70. Conclusion: There were differences in the value of higher-order aberrations between different aberrometry technologies. Clinical impact due to the differences in wavefront measurement between skiascopy, Placido-based and laser technologies need to be investigated further.

scholarly journals Wavefront Guided LASIK with a High-Resolution Aberrometer Induces Less Higher-Order Aberration than Early Custom LASIK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Hieda ◽  
Chie Sotozono ◽  
Kanae Kayukawa ◽  
Shigeru Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Higher Order Aberration

Abstract Background: The use of 'high-resolution' aberrometer wavefront-guided LASIK system offers the theretical advantages. To date there have been a few papers that proved the clinical superiority of the 'high-resolution' wavefront-guided LASIK. The purpose of this present study was to To evaluate the surgical outcomes of wavefront-guided laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) via a high-resolution aberrometer to treat myopic refractive error. Methods: This study involved 51 eyes of 26 consecutive patients (high-resolution group) who underwent wavefront-guided LASIK from 2012 to 2015 via high-resolution aberrometer and excimer laser surgical unit at the Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan and who were followed for 6-months postoperative. Postoperative outcomes were compared with our historical control data (early custom group) from 2002 to 2007 (51 eyes of 26 patients) treated with the same correction amount. Measured parameters included Visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), higher-order aberration (HOA), and contrast sensitivity (CS).Results: In the high-resolution group and the early custom group, the mean SER was -5.86±2.57 diopters (D) and -5.99±2.52D, respectively, and the mean patient age was 33.8±9.2 and 34.3±6.9 years, respectively. LogCS of 18 cycles-per-degree (cpd) change was more satisfactory in the high-resolution group than in the early custom group. Postoperative spherical aberration change in the high-resolution group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Decrease of induced spherical aberration produced a positive effect on the post LogCS of 18 cpd.Discussion: The latest wavefront-guided LASIK induced less HOAs than early custom LASIK, and although similar VA and refractive precision findings were observed, the high-resolution group tended to acquire better visual function post surgery.

Effects of Illumination-Dependent Pupil Size on Higher Order Aberration

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Jeong-Min So ◽  
Chang-Jin Kim ◽  
Hyun-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Higher Order Aberration

scholarly journals Matched comparison of corneal higher order aberrations induced by SMILE to femtosecond assisted LASIK and to PRK in correcting moderate and high myopia: 3.00mm vs. 6.00mm

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Miraftab ◽  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Mohammadreza Aghamirsalim ◽  
Shiva Fayyaz ◽  
Soheila Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
Surgical Group

Abstract Background The refractive surgeries induce corneal higher order aberrations (C-HOAs). In this study, change of C-HOAs after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) compared to femtosecond assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (femto-LASIK), and to photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C (PRK) under photopic and mesopic conditions. Methods In this prospective study, age, gender, and apical corneal thickness (ACT) matched cases with moderate myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) 3.00 to 6.00D) to high myopia (SE > 6.00D)] were enrolled. In addition to visual acuity and refraction, total C-HOA, coma, spherical aberration (SA), and trefoil in the 3- and 6-mm zones were measured before and 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results Overall, 372 moderate myopia cases (124 eyes of 124 individuals in each surgical group) and 171 high myopia cases (57 eyes of 57 individuals in each surgical group) were enrolled. At baseline, the differences in age, gender, ACT, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, and SE were not statistically significant between subgroups of surgical methods within each myopia group (all P > 0.05). At 12 months, in the moderate myopia group, there was less increase in 6-mm zone total C-HOA, coma, and SA with SMILE compared to the other groups (all P < 0.05). In the high myopia group, there was greater increase in photopic total C-HOA and trefoil and less increase in mesopic SA with SMILE (all P < 0.05). Conclusions In correction of moderate myopia, SMILE has better results in mesopic condition. In high myopia correction, femto-LASIK and PRK have better results in photopic and SMILE in mesopic condition.

scholarly journals Influence of pterygium size on corneal higher-order aberration evaluated using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Minami ◽  
Tadatoshi Tokunaga ◽  
Keiichiro Okamoto ◽  
Kazunori Miyata ◽  
Tetsuro Oshika
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Higher Order Aberration
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