scholarly journals HCV and Oxidative Stress: Implications for HCV Life Cycle and HCV-Associated Pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Medvedev ◽  
Daniela Ploen ◽  
Eberhard Hildt
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

HCV (hepatitis C virus) is a member of the Flaviviridae family that contains a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 9600 bases. HCV is a major causative agent for chronic liver diseases such as steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma which are caused by multifactorial processes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered as a major factor contributing to HCV-associated pathogenesis. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in formation of ROS in HCV replicating cells and describes the interference of HCV with ROS detoxifying systems. The relevance of ROS for HCV-associated pathogenesis is reviewed with a focus on the interference of elevated ROS levels with processes controlling liver regeneration. The overview about the impact of ROS for the viral life cycle is focused on the relevance of autophagy for the HCV life cycle and the crosstalk between HCV, elevated ROS levels, and the induction of autophagy.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Management in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Uchida ◽  
Akinobu Takaki ◽  
Atsushi Oyama ◽  
Takuya Adachi ◽  
Nozomu Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Chronic viral hepatitis B and C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been widely acknowledged to be the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As anti-viral treatment progresses, the impact of NAFLD is increasing. NAFLD can coexist with chronic viral hepatitis and exacerbate its progression. Oxidative stress has been recognized as a chronic liver disease progression-related and cancer-initiating stress response. However, there are still many unresolved issues concerning oxidative stress, such as the correlation between the natural history of the disease and promising treatment protocols. Recent findings indicate that oxidative stress is also an anti-cancer response that is necessary to kill cancer cells. Oxidative stress might therefore be a cancer-initiating response that should be down regulated in the pre-cancerous stage in patients with risk factors for cancer, while it is an anti-cancer cell response that should not be down regulated in the post-cancerous stage, especially in patients using anti-cancer agents. Antioxidant nutrients should be administered carefully according to the patients’ disease status. In this review, we will highlight these paradoxical effects of oxidative stress in chronic liver diseases, pre- and post-carcinogenesis.

COPPER AS AN ANSWER ON THE IMPACT OF OXYDESS STRESS ON THE EYES

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (52) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kempka ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Grażyna Malukiewicz ◽  
Maria Bogdzińska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The eyes are exposed to many factors, that contribute to the deterioration of their condition. These include environmental conditions and the influence of reactive oxygen species ROS and oxidative stress. Research shows, that one of the most important tasks of created in such way state of emergency is maintenance of relative balance between oxidants (contributing to the formation of ROS) and antioxidants (restraining their effect). Some chemical elements, especially copper, play a key role in blocking ROS and presents an overview of information on the impact of oxidative stress on the eyes and the defense mechanisms with the participation of copper.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Inside the Pathogenesis of Ascending Aorta Aneurysms: A Clearer Vision for Identifying Promising Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Balistreri ◽  
Calogera Pisano ◽  
Giovanni Ruvolo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aorta Aneurysm ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Ascending aorta aneurysm (AsAA) is a complex disease, currently defined an inflammatory disease. In the sporadic form, AsAA has, indeed, a complex physiopathology with a strong inflammatory basis, significantly modulated by genetic variants in innate/inflammatory genes, acting as independent risk factors and as largely evidenced in our recent studies performed during the last 10 years. Based on these premises, here, we want to revise the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on AsAA pathophysiology and consequently on the onset and progression of sporadic AsAA. This might consent to add other important pieces in the intricate puzzle of the pathophysiology of this disease with the translational aim to identify biomarkers and targets to apply in the complex management of AsAA, by facilitating the AsAA diagnosis currently based only on imaging evaluations, and the treatment exclusively founded on surgery approaches.

scholarly journals Advanced Glycation End Products and Oxidative Stress in a Hyperglycaemic Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Nakamura ◽  
Ritsuko Kawahrada
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Protein glycation is the random, nonenzymatic reaction of sugar and protein induced by diabetes and ageing; this process is quite different from glycosylation mediated by the enzymatic reactions catalysed by glycosyltransferases. Schiff bases form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) via intermediates, such as Amadori compounds. Although these AGEs form various molecular species, only a few of their structures have been determined. AGEs bind to different AGE receptors on the cell membrane and transmit signals to the cell. Signal transduction via the receptor of AGEs produces reactive oxygen species in cells, and oxidative stress is responsible for the onset of diabetic complications. This chapter introduces the molecular mechanisms of disease onset due to oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species, caused by AGEs generated by protein glycation in a hyperglycaemic environment.

Intrathymic and intrasplenic oxidative stress mediates thymocyte and splenocyte damage in acutely exercised mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1823-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Azenabor ◽  
L. Hoffman-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact

Reactive oxygen species may contribute to apoptosis in lymphoid tissues observed after exercise. Thymic and splenic tissues excised from control mice (C) or mice immediately after ( t 0) or 24 h after ( t 24) a run to exhaustion (RTE) were assayed for biochemical indexes of oxidative stress [thymic and splenic membrane lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA)]. There were significant increases in membrane lipid peroxides in thymus ( P < 0.001) and spleen ( P < 0.001) in acutely exercised mice relative to controls (thymus: C = 2.74 ± 0.80 μM; t 0 = 7.45 ± 0.48 μM; t 24 = 9.44 ±1.41 μM; spleen: C = 0.48 ± 0.22 μM; t 0 = 1.78 ± 0.28 μM; t 24 = 2.81 ± 0.34 μM). The thymic and splenic tissue antioxidant enzymes concentrations of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in samples collected at t 0 relative to C and t 24 mice ( P < 0.001). Plasma UA and AA levels were used to assess the impact of the RTE on the peripheral antioxidant pool. There was no significant change in UA levels and a significant reduction in plasma AA concentrations ( P < 0.001); the reduction in plasma AA occurred at t 24 (6.53 ± 1.64 μM) relative to t 0 (13.11 ± 0.71 μM) and C (13.26 ± 1.2 μM). These results suggest that oxidative damage occurs in lymphoid tissues after RTE exercise and that such damage may contribute to lymphocyte damage observed after acute exercise.

Underlying mechanisms of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress photoinduced by graphene and its surface-functionalized derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongye Yao ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Xuehua Li ◽  
Hongbin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Graphene can be modified by different functional groups through various transformation processes in the environment.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Peña ◽  
Cristian O’Flaherty ◽  
José M. Ortiz Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco E. Martín Cano ◽  
Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.

Oxidative stress and cardiovascular health: therapeutic potential of polyphenols

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Khurana ◽  
Matthew Piche ◽  
Amanda Hollingsworth ◽  
Krishnan Venkataraman ◽  
T.C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in normal cellular function and physiology. However, oxidative stress resulting from an accumulation of ROS has a detrimental impact on cellular function, and ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the impact of ROS on cardiovascular health and diseases, highlighting the therapeutic use of antioxidants. In addition, this review summarizes the health benefits of polyphenols, and the recent progress on understanding the cellular and physiological actions by which polyphenols may impart their beneficial properties on cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Arginine Biosynthesis Modulates Pyoverdine Production and Release in Pseudomonas putida as Part of the Mechanism of Adaptation to Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Barrientos-Moreno ◽  
María Antonia Molina-Henares ◽  
Marta Pastor-García ◽  
María Isabel Ramos-González ◽  
Manuel Espinosa-Urgel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Arginine Biosynthesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Iron is essential for most life forms. Under iron-limiting conditions, many bacteria produce and release siderophores—molecules with high affinity for iron—which are then transported into the cell in their iron-bound form, allowing incorporation of the metal into a wide range of cellular processes. However, free iron can also be a source of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA, protein, and lipid damage. Not surprisingly, iron capture is finely regulated and linked to oxidative-stress responses. Here, we provide evidence indicating that in the plant-beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440, the amino acid l-arginine is a metabolic connector between iron capture and oxidative stress. Mutants defective in arginine biosynthesis show reduced production and release of the siderophore pyoverdine and altered expression of certain pyoverdine-related genes, resulting in higher sensitivity to iron limitation. Although the amino acid is not part of the siderophore side chain, addition of exogenous l-arginine restores pyoverdine release in the mutants, and increased pyoverdine production is observed in the presence of polyamines (agmatine and spermidine), of which arginine is a precursor. Spermidine also has a protective role against hydrogen peroxide in P. putida, whereas defects in arginine and pyoverdine synthesis result in increased production of reactive oxygen species. IMPORTANCE The results of this study show a previously unidentified connection between arginine metabolism, siderophore turnover, and oxidative stress in Pseudomonas putida. Although the precise molecular mechanisms involved have yet to be characterized in full detail, our data are consistent with a model in which arginine biosynthesis and the derived pathway leading to polyamine production function as a homeostasis mechanism that helps maintain the balance between iron uptake and oxidative-stress response systems.

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