Oxidative stress and cardiovascular health: therapeutic potential of polyphenols

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Khurana ◽  
Matthew Piche ◽  
Amanda Hollingsworth ◽  
Krishnan Venkataraman ◽  
T.C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in normal cellular function and physiology. However, oxidative stress resulting from an accumulation of ROS has a detrimental impact on cellular function, and ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the impact of ROS on cardiovascular health and diseases, highlighting the therapeutic use of antioxidants. In addition, this review summarizes the health benefits of polyphenols, and the recent progress on understanding the cellular and physiological actions by which polyphenols may impart their beneficial properties on cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Sources of ROS Species an Its Harmful and Benefical Effects on Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Munir
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Essential Function

When the antioxidants in our immune system cannot neutralize or convert Reactive oxygen species into safe molecules at the rate at which it is produced then this imbalance is termed as “oxidative stress”. It is related with a wide array of diseases that includes cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension etc. These ROS species however are utmost essential for the proper functioning of human body which are produced as a consequence of partial oxidation of cellular metabolism performing essential functions such as protein phosphorylation, activation of several transcriptional factors, apoptosis, immunity, and differentiation. The sources by which these are produced can be broadly classified are intrinsic and extrinsic sources. There are variety of natural antioxidant enzymes of human body that combat against this oxidative stress. The extrinsic sources of ROS include the use of natural plants, extracted flavonoids and vitamins. In this review we will briefly explain how the sources of ROS, its essential function in human body, its elevation and associated damage to organs and effect on various diseases, and a hope of finding a way of how this oxidative stress can be exploited for therapeutic potential.

Intrathymic and intrasplenic oxidative stress mediates thymocyte and splenocyte damage in acutely exercised mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1823-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Azenabor ◽  
L. Hoffman-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact

Reactive oxygen species may contribute to apoptosis in lymphoid tissues observed after exercise. Thymic and splenic tissues excised from control mice (C) or mice immediately after ( t 0) or 24 h after ( t 24) a run to exhaustion (RTE) were assayed for biochemical indexes of oxidative stress [thymic and splenic membrane lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA)]. There were significant increases in membrane lipid peroxides in thymus ( P < 0.001) and spleen ( P < 0.001) in acutely exercised mice relative to controls (thymus: C = 2.74 ± 0.80 μM; t 0 = 7.45 ± 0.48 μM; t 24 = 9.44 ±1.41 μM; spleen: C = 0.48 ± 0.22 μM; t 0 = 1.78 ± 0.28 μM; t 24 = 2.81 ± 0.34 μM). The thymic and splenic tissue antioxidant enzymes concentrations of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in samples collected at t 0 relative to C and t 24 mice ( P < 0.001). Plasma UA and AA levels were used to assess the impact of the RTE on the peripheral antioxidant pool. There was no significant change in UA levels and a significant reduction in plasma AA concentrations ( P < 0.001); the reduction in plasma AA occurred at t 24 (6.53 ± 1.64 μM) relative to t 0 (13.11 ± 0.71 μM) and C (13.26 ± 1.2 μM). These results suggest that oxidative damage occurs in lymphoid tissues after RTE exercise and that such damage may contribute to lymphocyte damage observed after acute exercise.

scholarly journals The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Akhigbe ◽  
Ayodeji Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOxidative stress, an alteration in the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant buffering capacity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD). At physiological levels, ROS functions as signalling mediators, regulates various physiological functions such as the growth, proliferation, and migration endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC); formation and development of new blood vessels; EC and SMC regulated death; vascular tone; host defence; and genomic stability. However, at excessive levels, it causes a deviation in the redox state, mediates the development of CMD. Multiple mechanisms account for the rise in the production of free radicals in the heart. These include mitochondrial dysfunction and uncoupling, increased fatty acid oxidation, exaggerated activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), reduced antioxidant capacity, and cardiac metabolic memory. The purpose of this study is to discuss the link between oxidative stress and the aetiopathogenesis of CMD and highlight associated mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of obesity and dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension via various mechanisms associated with ROS-led inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Oxidative Stress and its role In HIV Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4560-4568
Author(s):  
Sunita S Patil ◽  
Vaishali S Patil ◽  
Arvind Gulbake
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
The Impact

Throughout several regular cell cycles, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role. When ROS values are high, and when the defence mechanism (antioxidants) cannot neutralise, they harm and modify the part of biological molecules. They also act as signalling molecules which generate a spectrum of disease.In this study, we reviewed existing oxidants, oxidative stress, and their relationship with infection by human immunodeficiency virus in patients, and the effects of oxidative stress in patients with HIV.Our prospect is to do a clinical study on HIV patients and estimate oxidative parameters like nitric oxide, total antioxidant level and correlate them with CD4 count and viral load which may be helpful during monitoring and giving efficient ART to the HIV patients. And also the importance of ROS in infection has been established through clinical and in vitro studies. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in HIV pathogenesis, the impact of ROS on immune responses in HIV patients, and ROS-mediated regulation of HIV infection. Future studies on the interplay between ROS and HIV infection may offer a new strategy for prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Nuclear Transport: A Switch for the Oxidative Stress—Signaling Circuit?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kodiha ◽  
Ursula Stochaj
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Nuclear Transport ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nuclear Trafficking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transport Of Macromolecules ◽  
Signaling Circuit

Imbalances in the formation and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative stress and subsequent changes that affect all aspects of physiology. To limit and repair the damage generated by ROS, cells have developed a multitude of responses. A hallmark of these responses is the activation of signaling pathways that modulate the function of downstream targets in different cellular locations. To this end, critical steps of the stress response that occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm have to be coordinated, which makes the proper communication between both compartments mandatory. Here, we discuss the interdependence of ROS-mediated signaling and the transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope. We highlight examples of oxidant-dependent nuclear trafficking and describe the impact of oxidative stress on the transport apparatus. Our paper concludes by proposing a cellular circuit of ROS-induced signaling, nuclear transport and repair.

An Innovative Hydrogen Peroxide-Sensing Scaffold and Insights Towards its Potential as an ROS-Activated Persulfide Donor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rynne Hankins ◽  
S. Israel Suarez ◽  
Madison Kalk ◽  
Nolan Green ◽  
Megan Harty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Severe Limitation ◽  
Strategic Implementation

Reactive sulfur species, such as hydrogen sulfide, persulfides, and polysulfides, have recently emerged as key signaling molecules and important physiological mediators within mammalian systems. To further assess the therapeutic potential of their exogenous administration, we report on the development of a unique hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)-sensing motif and its capacity for providing cellular protection against oxidative stress while serving as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated persulfide donor. With the strategic implementation of a <i>gem</i>-dimethyl group that promotes both cyclization and stability, we found the initial rate of payload release from this newly derived scaffold to be directly proportional to the concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and to proceed via an unprecedented pathway that avoids the production of electrophilic byproducts, a severe limitation that has plagued the physiological application of previous designs.

COPPER AS AN ANSWER ON THE IMPACT OF OXYDESS STRESS ON THE EYES

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (52) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kempka ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Grażyna Malukiewicz ◽  
Maria Bogdzińska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The eyes are exposed to many factors, that contribute to the deterioration of their condition. These include environmental conditions and the influence of reactive oxygen species ROS and oxidative stress. Research shows, that one of the most important tasks of created in such way state of emergency is maintenance of relative balance between oxidants (contributing to the formation of ROS) and antioxidants (restraining their effect). Some chemical elements, especially copper, play a key role in blocking ROS and presents an overview of information on the impact of oxidative stress on the eyes and the defense mechanisms with the participation of copper.

Ovariectomy and its Antioxidative Effect on Bone

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durg V. Rai ◽  
Harcharan Singh Ranu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Ovarian hormone deficiency increases the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Cells have a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from the toxicity of ROS. There is increasing evidence of the role of free radicals in bone resorption and bone loss. Ovariectomised female wistar rats had been used as the animal model for the study of osteoporosis. Even though, there are studies portraying the role of free radicals in bone loss, the defense mechanism adapted by bone in ovariectomised animals remains obscure. So, the impact of ovariectomy on the bone antioxidant system in rats was investigated. Twenty female wistar rats were taken and divided into two groups: ovariectomised and control. It had been found that a significant (p&lt;0.001) decrease in the activity of various enzymes like CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) (p&lt;0.001), GST (glutathione-s-transferase). However, an increase in the malondialdehyde levels was found to be 30% in the ovariectomised rats as compared to the controls. Thus the study elucidates the oxidative stress in bone under ovariectomy.

scholarly journals Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial abnormalities in cells of the placenta

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245155
Author(s):  
Philippe Vangrieken ◽  
Salwan Al-Nasiry ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Pieter A. Leermakers ◽  
Christy B. M. Tulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Mitochondrial Abnormalities ◽  
Bewo Cells ◽  
Placental Oxidative Stress

Introduction Impaired utero-placental perfusion is a well-known feature of early preeclampsia and is associated with placental hypoxia and oxidative stress. Although aberrations at the level of the mitochondrion have been implicated in PE pathophysiology, whether or not hypoxia-induced mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to placental oxidative stress is unknown. Methods We explored whether abnormalities in mitochondrial metabolism contribute to hypoxia-induced placental oxidative stress by using both healthy term placentae as well as a trophoblast cell line (BeWo cells) exposed to hypoxia. Furthermore, we explored the therapeutic potential of the antioxidants MitoQ and quercetin in preventing hypoxia-induced placental oxidative stress. Results Both in placental explants as well as BeWo cells, hypoxia resulted in reductions in mitochondrial content, decreased abundance of key molecules involved in the electron transport chain and increased expression and activity of glycolytic enzymes. Furthermore, expression levels of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis were decreased while the abundance of constituents of the mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial fission machinery was increased in response to hypoxia. In addition, placental hypoxia was associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, experiments with MitoQ revealed that hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species originated from the mitochondria in the trophoblasts. Discussion This study is the first to demonstrate that placental hypoxia is associated with mitochondrial-generated reactive oxygen species and significant alterations in the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial content and function. Furthermore, our data indicate that targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress may have therapeutic benefit in the management of pathologies related to placental hypoxia.

New reagents for detecting free radicals and oxidative stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (35) ◽  
pp. 6757-6766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Barzegar Amiri Olia ◽  
Carl H. Schiesser ◽  
Michelle K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Ultimate Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

This short review highlights recent progress in the development of reagents for the detection of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, a key step on the road to their understanding and ultimate control.

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