scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Graziani ◽  
Letizia Antonilli ◽  
Anna Rita Togna ◽  
Maria Caterina Grassi ◽  
Aldo Badiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hepatic Toxicity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Cocaine Toxicity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics

Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to play an important role in the pharmacological and toxic effects of various drugs of abuse. Herein we review the literature on the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity of cocaine with special focus on OS-related mechanisms. We also review the preclinical and clinical literature concerning the putative therapeutic effects of OS modulators (such as N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase mimetics, nitroxides and nitrones, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and mitochondriotropic antioxidants) for the treatment of cocaine toxicity. We conclude that available OS modulators do not appear to have clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Retinoprotective Effect of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil-Enriched Diet against Ocular Oxidative Stress Induced by Arterial Hypertension

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Álvaro Santana-Garrido ◽  
Claudia Reyes-Goya ◽  
M. Carmen Pérez-Camino ◽  
Helder André ◽  
Alfonso Mate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wild Olive ◽  
Minor Compounds

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases, including hypertensive eye diseases. The beneficial effects of olive oil on cardiovascular diseases might rely on minor constituents. Currently, very little is known about the chemical composition and/or therapeutic effects of the cultivated olive tree’s counterpart, wild olive (also known in Spain as acebuche—ACE). Here, we aimed to analyze the antioxidant and retinoprotective effects of ACE oil on the eye of hypertensive mice made hypertensive via administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), which were subjected to a dietary supplementation with either ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for comparison purposes. Deep analyses of major and minor compounds present in both oils was accompanied by blood pressure monitoring, morphometric analyses, as well as different determinations of oxidative stress-related parameters in retinal layers. Aside from its antihypertensive effect, an ACE oil-enriched diet reduced NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity/gene/protein expression (with a major implication of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 isoform) in the retinas of hypertensive mice. Supplementation with ACE oil in hypertensive animals also improved alterations in nitric oxide bioavailability and in antioxidant enzyme profile. Interestingly, our findings show that the use of ACE oil resulted in better outcomes, compared with reference EVOO, against hypertension-related oxidative retinal damage.

Beneficial effects of quercetin on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Elbe ◽  
Z Dogan ◽  
E Taslidere ◽  
A Cetin ◽  
Y Turkoz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic commonly used in clinical practice. Quercetin is an antioxidant belongs to flavonoid group. It inhibits the production of superoxide anion. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, quercetin (20 mg kg−1 day−1 gavage for 21 days), ciprofloxacin (20 mg kg−1 twice a day intraperitoneally for 10 days), and ciprofloxacin + quercetin. Samples were processed for histological and biochemical evaluations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in kidney tissue. The ciprofloxacin group showed histopathological changes such as infiltration, dilatation in tubules, tubular atrophy, reduction of Bowman’s space, congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In the ciprofloxacin + quercetin group, these histopathological changes markedly reduced. MDA levels increased in the ciprofloxacin group and decreased in the ciptofloxacin + quercetin group. SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels significantly decreased in the ciprofloxacin group. On the other hand, in the ciprofloxacin + quercetin group, SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels significantly increased with regard to the ciprofloxacin group. We concluded that quercetin has antioxidative and therapeutic effects on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin in rats.

scholarly journals Oxytocin Signaling as a Target to Block Social Defeat-Induced Increases in Drug Abuse Reward

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2372
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferrer-Pérez ◽  
Marina D. Reguilón ◽  
José Miñarro ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Clinical Literature

There is huge scientific interest in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) due to its putative capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response. The present review seeks to increase the understanding of the role of OXT in an individual’s vulnerability or resilience with regard to developing a substance use disorder. It places specific attention on the role of social stress as a risk factor of addiction, and explores the hypothesis that OXT constitutes a homeostatic response to stress that buffers against its negative impact. For this purpose, the review summarizes preclinical and clinical literature regarding the effects of OXT in different stages of the addiction cycle. The current literature affirms that a well-functioning oxytocinergic system has protective effects such as the modulation of the initial response to drugs of abuse, the attenuation of the development of dependence, the blunting of drug reinstatement and a general anti-stress effect. However, this system is dysregulated if there is continuous drug use or chronic exposure to stress. In this context, OXT is emerging as a promising pharmacotherapy to restore its natural beneficial effects in the organism and to help rebalance the functions of the addicted brain.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Properties of Edible Mushrooms and Herbal Teas in Gut Microbiota Modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Laura Dorina Dinu ◽  
Diana Roxana Pelinescu ◽  
Florentina Gatea
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Potential Strategy

Edible mushrooms are functional foods and valuable but less exploited sources of biologically active compounds. Herbal teas are a range of products widely used due to the therapeutic properties that have been demonstrated by traditional medicine and a supplement in conventional therapies. Their interaction with the human microbiota is an aspect that must be researched, the therapeutic properties depending on the interaction with the microbiota and the consequent fermentative activity. Modulation processes result from the activity of, for example, phenolic acids, which are a major component and which have already demonstrated activity in combating oxidative stress. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the essential aspects of modulating the microbiota using edible mushrooms and herbal teas. Although the phenolic pattern is different for edible mushrooms and herbal teas, certain non-phenolic compounds (polysaccharides and/or caffeine) are important in alleviating chronic diseases. These specific functional compounds have modulatory properties against oxidative stress, demonstrating health-beneficial effects in vitro and/or In vivo. Moreover, recent advances in improving human health via gut microbiota are presented. Plant-derived miRNAs from mushrooms and herbal teas were highlighted as a potential strategy for new therapeutic effects.

The Effect of Resveratrol on Neurodegenerative Disorders: Possible Protective Actions Against Autophagy, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 2178-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Pourhanifeh ◽  
Rana Shafabakhsh ◽  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Zatollah Asemi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the loss of neuronal function is rapidly increasing. The pathogenesis of the majority of these diseases is not entirely clear, but current evidence has shown the possibility that autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress are involved. The present review summarizes the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on neurodegenerative disorders, based on the especially molecular biology of these diseases. The PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for studies published in English until March 30th, 2019 that contained data for the role of inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the neurodegenerative disorders. There are also studies documenting the role of molecular processes in the progression of central nervous system diseases. Based on current evidence, resveratrol has potential properties that may reduce cell damage due to inflammation. This polyphenol affects cellular processes, including autophagy and the apoptosis cascade under stressful conditions. Current evidence supports the beneficial effects of resveratrol on the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of FGF21 in Cardiovascular Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Lechu Yu ◽  
Xiufei Lin ◽  
Luqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Cardiac Protection ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiac Lipotoxicity

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most severe diseases in clinics. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is regarded as an important metabolic regulator playing a therapeutic role in diabetes and its complications. The heart is a key target as well as a source of FGF21 which is involved in heart development and also induces beneficial effects in CVDs. Our review is to clarify the roles of FGF21 in CVDs. Strong evidence showed that the development of CVDs including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with serum FGF21 levels increase which was regarded as a compensatory response to induced cardiac protection. Furthermore, administration of FGF21 suppressed the above CVDs. Mechanistic studies revealed that FGF21 induced cardiac protection likely by preventing cardiac lipotoxicity and the associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Normally, FGF21 induced therapeutic effects against CVDs via activation of the above kinases-mediated pathways by directly binding to the FGF receptors of the heart in the presence ofβ-klotho. However, recently, growing evidence showed that FGF21 induced beneficial effects on peripheral organs through an indirect way mediated by adiponectin. Therefore whether adiponectin is also involved in FGF21-induced cardiac protection still needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation as a Pivot in Drug Abuse. A Focus on the Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Biomolecules

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Pablo Berríos-Cárcamo ◽  
Mauricio Quezada ◽  
María Elena Quintanilla ◽  
Paola Morales ◽  
Marcelo Ezquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Craving ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Brain

Drug abuse is a major global health and economic problem. However, there are no pharmacological treatments to effectively reduce the compulsive use of most drugs of abuse. Despite exerting different mechanisms of action, all drugs of abuse promote the activation of the brain reward system, with lasting neurobiological consequences that potentiate subsequent consumption. Recent evidence shows that the brain displays marked oxidative stress and neuroinflammation following chronic drug consumption. Brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation disrupt glutamate homeostasis by impairing synaptic and extra-synaptic glutamate transport, reducing GLT-1, and system Xc− activities respectively, which increases glutamatergic neurotransmission. This effect consolidates the relapse-promoting effect of drug-related cues, thus sustaining drug craving and subsequent drug consumption. Recently, promising results as experimental treatments to reduce drug consumption and relapse have been shown by (i) antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synthetic molecules whose effects reach the brain; (ii) natural biomolecules secreted by mesenchymal stem cells that excel in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, delivered via non-invasive intranasal administration to animal models of drug abuse and (iii) potent anti-inflammatory microRNAs and anti-miRNAs which target the microglia and reduce neuroinflammation and drug craving. In this review, we address the neurobiological consequences of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that follow the chronic consumption of most drugs of abuse, and the current and potential therapeutic effects of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents and biomolecules to reduce these drug-induced alterations and to prevent relapse.

Pharmacological study on the possible involvement of a Nrf2 -Heme oxygenase pathways in anti-cataract activity of fisetin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Krishna Reddy BV ◽  
Avinash Kumar Reddy G ◽  
Sujitha V ◽  
Manasa A
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Oxidant Status

DM otherwise diabetes is now a days an epidemic with the percentage of patient population rising to almost 10% of the world population. Out of all the DM complications, cataract leads the way contributing to disabilities to about 60% of diabetic population. But the pathogenesis of DM cataract is still a half-understood area of medicine there by posing a problem in the therapy. The data that we have till now gives us enough evidence to advocate the oxidative stress has a major role for the pathogenesis of DM complications like DMnephropathy, DMneuropathy, and cardiac hypertrophy, which suggests the oxidative stress is a central feature of diabetes. In the current research, the pharmacological evaluation of Fisetin for its DM based anti-cataract property was performed. This research concentrates to estimate the possible involvement of Nrf-2 / heme oxygenase (HO)-pathway in the observed therapeutic effect, if any. The data obtained in this study also indicate that the observed beneficial effects mainly due to activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These effects probably result in increased tissue anti-oxidant status as well as decreased free radical production, which ultimately responsible for the observed beneficial effects of Fisetin against hyperglycemia-induced cataract.

HBOT Application at Cases of Gingival Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Robo
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mechanical Therapy ◽  
The Impact

The treatment of periodontal diseases, mainly of their origin, with the most common clinical manifestation in form of gingival inflammation, is manifold and powerful, including: mechanical therapy, antibiotic, antiseptic and various approaches to treatment, which are recommended to be used within a short period of time. New therapeutic approaches have been proven as alternative treatment to conventional therapy, or in combination with conventional therapies, to reduce the number of periodontopathic pathogens in gingival sulcus. HBOT has a detrimental effect on periodontal microorganisms, as well as beneficial effects on the healing of periodontal tissue, increasing oxygen pressure in gingival pockets. Our study is aimed at reviewing the current published literature on hyperbaric oxygen therapy and focuses on role of HBOT as a therapeutic measure for the individual with periodontal disease in general and for the impact on the recovery of gingival inflammation. HBOT and periodontal treatment together, reduce up to 99% of the gram-negative anaerobic load of subgingival flora. HBOT, significantly reduces subgingival anaerobic flora. Clinical effects in 2-year follow-up of treated patients are sensitive. Reduction of gingival hemorrhage indexes, depth of peritoneum, plaque index, occurs in cases of combination of HBOT and detraction. Reduced load persists up to 2 months after therapy. The significant increase in connective tissue removal starts at the end of 2nd week, to achieve the maximum in week 3-6 of application. HBOT used for re-implantation, stimulates the healing of periodontal membrane, pulp, prevents root resorption, healing of periodontal lining tissues. HBOT, significantly reduces the hemorrhage index with 1.2 value difference, 0.7mm probe depth, reduces gingival fluid by 2. HGH exposure is increased by gingival blood flow, with a difference of 2 in measured value. The therapeutic effects of HBOT in the value of the evaluation index can be saved up to 1-year post treatment.

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