scholarly journals Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of FGF21 in Cardiovascular Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Lechu Yu ◽  
Xiufei Lin ◽  
Luqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Cardiac Protection ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiac Lipotoxicity

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most severe diseases in clinics. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is regarded as an important metabolic regulator playing a therapeutic role in diabetes and its complications. The heart is a key target as well as a source of FGF21 which is involved in heart development and also induces beneficial effects in CVDs. Our review is to clarify the roles of FGF21 in CVDs. Strong evidence showed that the development of CVDs including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with serum FGF21 levels increase which was regarded as a compensatory response to induced cardiac protection. Furthermore, administration of FGF21 suppressed the above CVDs. Mechanistic studies revealed that FGF21 induced cardiac protection likely by preventing cardiac lipotoxicity and the associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Normally, FGF21 induced therapeutic effects against CVDs via activation of the above kinases-mediated pathways by directly binding to the FGF receptors of the heart in the presence ofβ-klotho. However, recently, growing evidence showed that FGF21 induced beneficial effects on peripheral organs through an indirect way mediated by adiponectin. Therefore whether adiponectin is also involved in FGF21-induced cardiac protection still needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Retinoprotective Effect of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil-Enriched Diet against Ocular Oxidative Stress Induced by Arterial Hypertension

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Álvaro Santana-Garrido ◽  
Claudia Reyes-Goya ◽  
M. Carmen Pérez-Camino ◽  
Helder André ◽  
Alfonso Mate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wild Olive ◽  
Minor Compounds

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases, including hypertensive eye diseases. The beneficial effects of olive oil on cardiovascular diseases might rely on minor constituents. Currently, very little is known about the chemical composition and/or therapeutic effects of the cultivated olive tree’s counterpart, wild olive (also known in Spain as acebuche—ACE). Here, we aimed to analyze the antioxidant and retinoprotective effects of ACE oil on the eye of hypertensive mice made hypertensive via administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), which were subjected to a dietary supplementation with either ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for comparison purposes. Deep analyses of major and minor compounds present in both oils was accompanied by blood pressure monitoring, morphometric analyses, as well as different determinations of oxidative stress-related parameters in retinal layers. Aside from its antihypertensive effect, an ACE oil-enriched diet reduced NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity/gene/protein expression (with a major implication of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 isoform) in the retinas of hypertensive mice. Supplementation with ACE oil in hypertensive animals also improved alterations in nitric oxide bioavailability and in antioxidant enzyme profile. Interestingly, our findings show that the use of ACE oil resulted in better outcomes, compared with reference EVOO, against hypertension-related oxidative retinal damage.

scholarly journals Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 with Lipid Profile, MDA and AOPP in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
P. Divya ◽  
R. Inmozhi Sivakamasundari ◽  
T. K. Jithesh ◽  
K. Santha ◽  
K. Shifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Background: Diabetes mellitus is rising all over the world due to population growth, aging, urbanisation, and the increase of obesity due to physical inactivity, characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels associated with aberrations in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolisms leading to water and electrolyte imbalance. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in diabetic patients. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid metabolism imbalance, as well as myocardial cell apoptosis are key factors to facilitate the progression of Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess FGF-21 levels and their association with lipid profile parameters and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A patient based cross-sectional study was conducted among the subjects with history of type 2 DM for the past 10 years. Results: Variations in FBS, T.C, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL, FGF-21, MDA and AOPP levels among cases and controls were depicted in Table 2. There was an increase in all these parameters in cases compared to controls whereas HDL showed a decrease among cases. Conclusion: Our study concluded that there is a significant correlation between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), oxidative stress, and abnormal lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. We would recommend further studies to explore the role of FGF21 as an important marker in predicting cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy by Improving Oxidative Stress through Activating Akt/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghao Jiang ◽  
Yimeng Zou ◽  
Yeboah Kwaku Opoku ◽  
Shijie Liu ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Glomerular Mesangial Cells ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Abstract Epidemiological investigations have shown an elevated expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the serum of patients with hyperuricemia. However, the effect of FGF21 on hyperuricemic nephropathy is still unknown. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the effect and mechanism of action of FGF21 on hyperuricemic nephropathy. The level of FGF21 in PBMCs was determined in 10 patients with hyperuricemic nephropathy. Hyperuricemic mice models were induced in wild-type C57BL/6 and FGF21 knockout mice. Six mice in each group were treated with FGF21 at a dose of 1mg/kg and 5mg/kg for 30 days. For the in vitro studies, glomerular mesangial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide and monosodium uric acid to induce inflammation. This was followed by treatment with 100nM, 1000nM of FGF21 for 72 h to observe the therapeutic effect. The levels of FGF21 in patients with hyperuricemic nephropathy were elevated. Also, FGF21 knockout mice experienced more severe nephropathy compared to the WT mice. This was characterized by an increase in inflammatory factors and fibrosis in the kidney, which was reversed by exogenous FGF21 treatment. FGF21 recorded a significant therapeutic effect through the activation of Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway in both in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the effect increasing effect of FGF21 on Nrf2 was reduced by the addition of Akt inhibitor GSK690693. In conclusion, our study found for the first time that FGF21 can significantly improve hyperuricemic nephropathy through the promotion of the Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway leading to improvement in oxidative stress.

Beneficial effects of quercetin on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Elbe ◽  
Z Dogan ◽  
E Taslidere ◽  
A Cetin ◽  
Y Turkoz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic commonly used in clinical practice. Quercetin is an antioxidant belongs to flavonoid group. It inhibits the production of superoxide anion. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, quercetin (20 mg kg−1 day−1 gavage for 21 days), ciprofloxacin (20 mg kg−1 twice a day intraperitoneally for 10 days), and ciprofloxacin + quercetin. Samples were processed for histological and biochemical evaluations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in kidney tissue. The ciprofloxacin group showed histopathological changes such as infiltration, dilatation in tubules, tubular atrophy, reduction of Bowman’s space, congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In the ciprofloxacin + quercetin group, these histopathological changes markedly reduced. MDA levels increased in the ciprofloxacin group and decreased in the ciptofloxacin + quercetin group. SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels significantly decreased in the ciprofloxacin group. On the other hand, in the ciprofloxacin + quercetin group, SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels significantly increased with regard to the ciprofloxacin group. We concluded that quercetin has antioxidative and therapeutic effects on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin in rats.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Graziani ◽  
Letizia Antonilli ◽  
Anna Rita Togna ◽  
Maria Caterina Grassi ◽  
Aldo Badiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hepatic Toxicity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Cocaine Toxicity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics

Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to play an important role in the pharmacological and toxic effects of various drugs of abuse. Herein we review the literature on the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity of cocaine with special focus on OS-related mechanisms. We also review the preclinical and clinical literature concerning the putative therapeutic effects of OS modulators (such as N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase mimetics, nitroxides and nitrones, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and mitochondriotropic antioxidants) for the treatment of cocaine toxicity. We conclude that available OS modulators do not appear to have clinical efficacy.

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