scholarly journals Fire-Risk Assessment in Northern Greece Using a Modified Fosberg Fire-Weather Index That Includes Forest Coverage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry D. Kambezidis ◽  
George K. Kalliampakos
Keyword(s):  
Fire Risk ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Forest Coverage ◽  
First Time

The spatial distribution of the monthly mean values for various climatological parameters in Northern Greece is derived. The corresponding data come from measurements at several meteorological stations located in Central Macedonia, Eastern Macedonia, and Thrace (CM/EMT) area in the period 1975–1997. The collected data concern high temperature and low relative humidity, as well as local forest coverage, and are utilized for the calculation of a modified Fosberg Fire-Weather Index in order to estimate the fire risk over Northern Greece due to the local weather under critical conditions. As a result, monthly fire-risk maps of the CM/EMT area for the months of May to October are derived for the first time by applying sophisticated analytical geospatial tools and methods. Furthermore, fire events corresponding to the same region and period are added to the derived maps for comparison and for a better evaluation of the method. The resulting correspondence of the predicted fire risk to the local wind-speed behavior and forest abundance demonstrates the need of the necessary precaution measures to limit the future danger levels from fire events.

scholarly journals Proposal of an Iot Solution to Fire Risk Assessment Problem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bernardo ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Paulo Fazendeiro
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Keywords Internet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civic Awareness ◽  
Municipal Level

Several of the fighting weaknesses evidenced by the forest fires tragedies of the last years are rooted in the disconnection between the current technical/scientific resources and the availability of the resulting information to operational agents on the ground. In order to be effective, a pre-emptive response to similar disasters must include the articulation between local authorities at municipal level - in prevention, preparedness and initial response - and the common citizen who is on the field, resides there, and has a deeper knowledge about the field of operation. This work intends to take a first step in the development of a tool that can serve to improve the civic awareness of all and to support the decision-making of the competent authorities. Keywords: Internet of things, Citizen science, Fire weather index

scholarly journals Increased trends in global extreme fire weather driven predominantly by atmospheric humidity and temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Jain ◽  
Dante Castellanos-Acuna ◽  
Sean Coogan ◽  
John Abatzoglou ◽  
Mike Flannigan
Keyword(s):  
Global Analysis ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Extreme Fire

Abstract Climate and weather greatly influence wildfire, and recent increases in wildfire activity have been linked to climate change. However, the atmospheric drivers of observed changes have not been articulated globally. We present a global analysis of trends in extreme fire weather from 1979–2020. Significant increases in extreme (95th percentile) annual values of the Fire Weather Index (FWI95), Initial Spread Index (ISI95), and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD95) occurred over 26.0%, 26.1%, and 46.1% of the global burnable landmass, respectively. Significant trends corresponded to a 35.8%, 36.0%, and 21.4% increase in mean global FWI95, ISI95, and VPD95, respectively. Relative humidity and temperature were identified as the drivers of significant trends in FWI95 and ISI95 in most regions, largely where temperature trends outpaced dew point trends. We identified relatively few regions in which wind speed or precipitation were drivers. These findings have wide-ranging implications for understanding fire risk in a changing climate.

scholarly journals Reformulation of the Drought Code in the Canadian Fire Weather Index System Implemented in New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Michael Uddstrom ◽  
Grant Pearce ◽  
Mike Revell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Dc Component ◽  
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe fire danger rating system implemented in New Zealand is the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System developed 40 years ago for Canadian temperate forests. Issues have been raised in relation to this system when applied in other regions with different climate and vegetation environments. For the first time, two methods were proposed for improving the Drought Code (DC) component of the FWI System for New Zealand. The first method (PotE) employs a potential evaporation (PE) scheme that considers wind speed, surface air stability, and water vapor mixing ratio gradient. The second method (soilM) uses soil moisture. For the latter, when soil moisture is derived from observations, the calculated DC represents the actual drought status of the soil. DC and FWI have been calculated with the original and the two new DC methods at 28 climate stations in New Zealand for a pair of 2-yr periods. The Joint U.K. Land Environment Simulator (JULES) was run to provide the PE and soil moisture for the two methods. The original DC method underestimated the drought status in New Zealand, especially in summer, leading to underestimation of FWI. The PotE method significantly overestimated the drought status in summer. The errors in the calculated drought status and FWI were largely reduced by using the soilM method with simulated soil moisture from JULES. In this paper, the reasons for this reduction in error are investigated by testing the sensitivity of DC to surface evaporation and to soil parameters. Potential benefit is found from using the proposed soilM method for monitoring drought status and for FWI calculations.

Estimation of Forest Fire Risk by Using Fire Weather Index in the MENA Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Calda ◽  
Kamil Collu ◽  
Aytac Pacal ◽  
Mehmet Levent Kurnaz
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

<p>Forest fires are naturals in the Mediterranean ecosystems. However, in the last decade, the number of wildfires has significantly increased in the Mediterranean basin along with climate change. Therefore, forecasts of this region by using fire indices are crucial to take necessary precautions. In the present study, the projected changes for the period 2070 - 2099 concerning the control period 1971 - 2000 were used to estimate forest fire risk by the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI). RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios (IPCC) outputs of MPI-ESM-MR and HadGEM2-ES dynamically downscaled to 50 km for the CORDEX-MENA domain with the use of the RegCM4 were utilized. ERA-Interim observational data from ECMWF covering the period 1980-2012 were also used to test the performances of models. The output of MPI-ESM-MR gave more similar fire risk prediction with the reforecast of observational data (ERA-Interim). Thus, the MPI-ESM-MR model could be more suitable to estimate fire risk by FWI. According to future projection, forest fire risk will significantly increase throughout the region for the last 30 years of this century.</p>

scholarly journals Development of a national index for the purpose of forest fire risk assessments on the example of southern Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 3307-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Ratknic ◽  
Mihailo Ratknic ◽  
Nikola Rakonjac ◽  
Ivana Zivanovic ◽  
Zoran Poduska
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Forest Fire Risk ◽  
Future Concepts

The paper presents the results on the study of the possible application of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index and the Modified Angstrom Index in forest fire risk assessments. The daily values of these indices for the period 2005-2015 were related to the forest fire database. It was found that there is a relatively weak to moderate correlation between forest fires and the values of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index. In order to improve the wildfire risk assessments (including forest fires), the index was modified. The modified index has a significantly greater correlation with the actual events of forest fires and consequently a much wider application in southern Serbia. The modified index can be of great importance in the future concepts of forest fire risk management.

Calibration of the Fire Weather Index over Mediterranean Europe based on fire activity retrieved from MSG satellite imagery

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos C. DaCamara ◽  
Teresa J. Calado ◽  
Sofia L. Ermida ◽  
Isabel F. Trigo ◽  
Malik Amraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Europe

Here we present a procedure that allows the operational generation of daily maps of fire danger over Mediterranean Europe. These are based on integrated use of vegetation cover maps, weather data and fire activity as detected by remote sensing from space. The study covers the period of July–August 2007 to 2009. It is demonstrated that statistical models based on two-parameter generalised Pareto (GP) distributions adequately fit the observed samples of fire duration and that these models are significantly improved when the Fire Weather Index (FWI), which rates fire danger, is integrated as a covariate of scale parameters of GP distributions. Probabilities of fire duration exceeding specified thresholds are then used to calibrate FWI leading to the definition of five classes of fire danger. Fire duration is estimated on the basis of 15-min data provided by Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites and corresponds to the total number of hours in which fire activity is detected in a single MSG pixel during one day. Considering all observed fire events with duration above 1h, the relative number of events steeply increases with classes of increasing fire danger and no fire activity was recorded in the class of low danger. Defined classes of fire danger provide useful information for wildfire management and are based on the Fire Risk Mapping product that is being disseminated on a daily basis by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis.

scholarly journals Combining fire radiative power observations with the fire weather index improves the estimation of fire emissions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Di Giuseppe ◽  
Samuel Rémy ◽  
Florian Pappenberger ◽  
Fredrik Wetterhall
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Fire Radiative Power

Abstract. The atmospheric composition analysis and forecast for the European Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS) relies on biomass burning fire emission estimates from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS). GFAS converts fire radiative power (FRP) observations from MODIS satellites into smoke constituents. Missing observations are filled in using persistence where observed FRP from the previous day are progressed in time until a new observation is recorded. One of the consequences of this assumption is an overestimation of fire duration, which in turn translates into an overestimation of emissions from fires. In this study persistence is replaced by modelled predictions using the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI), which describes how atmospheric conditions affect the vegetation moisture content and ultimately fire duration. The skill in predicting emissions from biomass burning is improved with the new technique, which indicates that using an FWI-based model to infer emissions from FRP is better than persistence when observations are not available.

Fire-Weather Index and Climate Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Hubnerova ◽  
Sylvia Esterby ◽  
Steve Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index
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