scholarly journals VOCs-Mediated Location of Olive Fly Larvae by the Braconid ParasitoidPsyttalia concolor: A Multivariate Comparison among VOC Bouquets from Three Olive Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Giunti ◽  
Giovanni Benelli ◽  
Giuseppe Conte ◽  
Marcello Mele ◽  
Giovanni Caruso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Indirect Defenses ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Psyttalia Concolor

Herbivorous activity induces plant indirect defenses, as the emission of herbivorous-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which could be used by parasitoids for host location.Psyttalia concoloris a larval pupal endoparasitoid, attacking a number of tephritid flies includingB. oleae.In this research, we investigated the olfactory cues routing host location behavior ofP. concolortowardsB. oleaelarvae infesting three different olive cultivars. VOCs from infested and healthy fruits were identified using GC-MS analyses. In two-choice behavioral assays,P. concolorfemales preferred infested olive cues, which also evoked ovipositional probing by female wasps. GC-MS analysis showed qualitative and quantitative differences among volatiles emitted by infested and healthy olives. Volatile emissions were peculiar for each cultivar analyzed. Two putative HIPVs were detected in infested fruits, regardless of the cultivar, the monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene, and the sesquiterpene (E-E)-α-farnesene. Our study adds basic knowledge to the behavioral ecology ofP. concolor. From an applied point of view, the field application of the above-mentioned VOCs may help to enhance effectiveness of biological control programs and parasitoid mass-rearing techniques.

scholarly journals Cold storage and gamma irradiation of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier eggs (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in relation to the success of parasitism by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa F. Abdel-Hameid ◽  
I. R. M. Elzoghby ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
W. A. A. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

scholarly journals Challenges for learning neuroradiology in undergraduate medical school: analysis from the students’ point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther de Alencar Araripe Falcão Feitosa ◽  
Luiz Henrique Costa Neto ◽  
Carina de Oliveira Gregório ◽  
Letícia Nobre Limas ◽  
Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Didactic Material

Abstract: Introduction: The teaching of neuroradiology in undergraduate medical school must be seen as an integration tool for the interdisciplinary study of radiology, anatomy and neurology. In practice, there is a limitation on the part of students in acquiring such knowledge, either due to “neurophobia”, or due to the lack of previous anatomical-radiological knowledge and also due to the lack of integrated didactic materials aimed at undergraduate school. However, there are few studies reporting the difficulties encountered by students in learning neuroradiology. Objective: To assess the perception of medical students about learning difficulties in neuroradiology. Method: Quantitative study, carried out with medical students enrolled in the second and seventh semesters of a university in Fortaleza. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire with 12 yes or no answer questions. The questions addressed the possible difficulties encountered in acquiring neuroradiological knowledge, among them: the lack of targeted didactic material, the lack of integration with neurology, the need for basic radiological and anatomical knowledge, the large volume of content to study, and the limitations of active and traditional methodologies. Results: 181 questionnaires were analyzed. Most students report as difficulties: the need for basic knowledge of radiology (80.1%); neuroanatomy (77.5%); and to correlate radiology and neuroanatomy (70.9%). When comparing the 2nd semester and 7th semester groups, there was a greater tendency to point out the lack of practical knowledge of neurology by 2nd-semester students as a factor of greater difficulty in learning neuroradiology (82.6% versus 67.4 %, with p <0.0018). When asked about the usefulness of creating an e-book aimed at undergraduate students for learning neuroradiology, 85.6% of the students answered affirmatively; in the case of a mobile application, 92.3% agreed. As for the correlation between neuroradiology and medical practice, 98.3% answered that it is useful and necessary knowledge. Conclusion: In the students’ opinion, previous knowledge of neuroanatomy and clinical neurology is important for learning neuroradiology. The development of material such as an e-book or mobile application focused on integrating the teaching of these disciplines is considered a good alternative to facilitate the understanding of neuroradiology.

Finance and Financial analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossiyskoy Minobrnauki
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
State Educational ◽  
The Impact

The textbook systematizes basic knowledge in the field of finance, financial analysis and financial management, presented in their direct relationship and significance from the point of view of evaluation, diagnosis, forecasting and monitoring of the continuity of the organization's activities. It includes seven chapters grouped into three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the organization's financial management, stakeholders and sources of the organization's activities. The second section discusses the basics of financial analysis, providing knowledge of the main directions, information base and methods of financial analysis, as well as allowing them to be applied reasonably, calculate and evaluate analytical indicators, determine the impact of globalization processes, various macro-and microfactors on the financial condition of the organization. The third section contains the basics of financial management, providing an understanding of the essence of the financial mechanism of the organization and algorithms for justifying decisions in the field of financial management. It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and provides the formation of basic competencies in the field of finance, financial management and financial analysis. For bachelor's, specialist's and master's students studying in the field of Economics, the system of additional professional education, training centers for advanced training of auditors and other financial market specialists, as well as for individual preparation of applicants for qualification certification and passing qualification exams.

Fourier-Mukai Transforms in Algebraic Geometry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Geometry ◽  
Smooth Projective Variety ◽  
Derived Category ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Coherent Sheaves ◽  
Geometric Point ◽  
Singular Cohomology

This book provides a systematic exposition of the theory of Fourier-Mukai transforms from an algebro-geometric point of view. Assuming a basic knowledge of algebraic geometry, the key aspect of this book is the derived category of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective variety. The derived category is a subtle invariant of the isomorphism type of a variety, and its group of autoequivalences often shows a rich structure. As it turns out — and this feature is pursued throughout the book — the behaviour of the derived category is determined by the geometric properties of the canonical bundle of the variety. Including notions from other areas, e.g., singular cohomology, Hodge theory, abelian varieties, K3 surfaces; full proofs and exercises are provided. The final chapter summarizes recent research directions, such as connections to orbifolds and the representation theory of finite groups via the McKay correspondence, stability conditions on triangulated categories, and the notion of the derived category of sheaves twisted by a gerbe.

Impact of deltamethrin insecticide on Chironomidae (Diptera) of prairie ponds

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Morrill ◽  
B. R. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Temporary Pond ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Chironomid Community ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Late Part

Deltamethrin insecticide was applied by air, at recommended field application rates (7.5 g/ha), to two prairie ponds in June, 1986. Larval and emerging Chironomidae densities were monitored in the treated ponds and in two untreated ponds for 1 month prior to spraying, the remainder of the summer after spraying, and in the late part of the following spring. Following deltamethrin application, the density of chironomid larvae declined by two orders of magnitude in the treated ponds relative to the untreated ponds, with all genera being affected. Chironomid emergence declined in both the treated and untreated ponds. The pattern of recovery of the chironomid community was followed by multivariate analysis of larval genera abundances and qualitative comparisons of emerging species. The two treated ponds recovered at different rates: the community in one pond appeared to have recovered by 2 months after treatment, whereas that of the other treated pond showed little recovery until 1 year following treatment. In view of the high natural variation of chironomid communities and their habitats on the prairies, basic knowledge about these temporary pond ecosystems must be gathered in order to understand the long-term impact on such habitats of using deltamethrin and other insecticides.

scholarly journals Contaminant Source Identification in Aquifers: A Critical View

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández ◽  
Teng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Source Identification ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Contaminant Source ◽  
The Core ◽  
Contaminant Source Identification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Joint Identification ◽  
Core Problem

AbstractForty years and 157 papers later, research on contaminant source identification has grown exponentially in number but seems to be stalled concerning advancement towards the problem solution and its field application. This paper presents a historical evolution of the subject, highlighting its major advances. It also shows how the subject has grown in sophistication regarding the solution of the core problem (the source identification), forgetting that, from a practical point of view, such identification is worthless unless it is accompanied by a joint identification of the other uncertain parameters that characterize flow and transport in aquifers.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF TRAINING FUTURE INFORMATICS TEACHERS ON THE BASICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
G. Salgaraeva ◽  
◽  
U. Zhumabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches

The article presents a methodological system for training future Informatics teachers on the basics of artificial intelligence. Currently, artificial intelligence is being used in various fields, from the presentation of knowledge to the development of expert systems, intellectual games and robotics tools. In this case, there is a problem of developing a methodological system for training future Informatics teachers based on elements of artificial intelligence in pedagogical educational institutions. This proposed to solve this problem using the method of problem-based learning and combining theory with practice from the point of view of critical thinking technology. Modern analytical platforms, intelligent training systems, and expert systems are used as training tools. The educational content of the basics of artificial intelligence is built on the basis of systematic, fundamental and interdisciplinary approaches. This made it possible to determine the goals of teaching future computer science teachers the basics of artificial intelligence, reveal the requirements for the formation of concepts in the field of artificial intelligence, identify the basic knowledge system that allows you to teach elements of artificial intelligence in a computer science course. The article describes the results of the implementation of the methodological system for training future computer science teachers on the basics of artificial intelligence in the educational process.

scholarly journals Pest Biological Control: Goals Throughout My Life

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Liying Li
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Poor Family ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Cotton Pest

This autobiography documents the life and accomplishments of Li Liying. Born into a poor family in China, she eventually became director of Guangdong Entomological Institute. After graduating middle school (1949), she was admitted to the Agronomy Faculty at Beijing Agricultural University but was shortly after redirected by the Chinese Government to Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia. The last year of her study at Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was a pivotal experience. She had the opportunity to conduct fieldwork on cotton pest control and became aware of the harmful practice of aerially spraying highly toxic organophosphates with workers present. She decided to dedicate herself to finding safer alternatives and became a leader in the development of mass-rearing techniques for insects beneficial to agriculture. She traveled to laboratories in several foreign countries to foster collaboration and exchange of ideas among colleagues. She is recognized for her service to entomological societies, teaching at universities, and love of entomology.

A Laboratory Method of Mass Rearing the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon (Rott.), for Insecticide Tests

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
J. A. Begg ◽  
J. H. Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Rearing Techniques

A number of techniques have been developed for rearing cutworms of economic importance. Most of those that were developed primarily for lifehistory studies (Crumb, 1929; Hocking, 1952; King and Atkinson, 1927; Satterthwait, 1933; Snyder, 1954) are unsatisfactory for mass rearing. Mass rearing techniques have been developed for several cutworms of economic importance (Jacobson and Blakeley, 1957; Swingle et al., 1941; Waters, 1937; and Wylie and Palm, 1940). However, the black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon (Rott.), is difficult to rear because of cannibalism.

scholarly journals Xylella fastidiosa in Olive in Apulia: Where We Stand

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saponari ◽  
A. Giampetruzzi ◽  
G. Loconsole ◽  
D. Boscia ◽  
P. Saldarelli
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
The Impact

A dramatic outbreak of Xylella fastidiosa decimating olive was discovered in 2013 in Apulia, Southern Italy. This pathogen is a quarantine bacterium in the European Union (EU) and created unprecedented turmoil for the local economy and posed critical challenges for its management. With the new emerging threat to susceptible crops in the EU, efforts were devoted to gain basic knowledge on the pathogen biology, host, and environmental interactions (e.g., bacterial strain(s) and pathogenicity, hosts, vector(s), and fundamental drivers of its epidemics) in order to find means to control or mitigate the impacts of the infections. Field surveys, greenhouse tests, and laboratory analyses proved that a single bacterial introduction occurred in the area, with a single genotype, belonging to the subspecies pauca, associated with the epidemic. Infections caused by isolates of this genotype turned to be extremely aggressive on the local olive cultivars, causing a new disease termed olive quick decline syndrome. Due to the initial extension of the foci and the rapid spread of the infections, eradication measures (i.e., pathogen elimination from the area) were soon replaced by containment measures including intense border surveys of the contaminated area, removal of infected trees, and mandatory vector control. However, implementation of containment measures encountered serious difficulties, including public reluctance to accept control measures, poor stakeholder cooperation, misinformation from some media outlets, and lack of robust responses by some governmental authorities. This scenario delayed and limited containment efforts and allowed the bacterium to continue its rapid dissemination over more areas in the region, as shown by the continuous expansion of the official borders of the infected area. At the research level, the European Commission and regional authorities are now supporting several programs aimed to find effective methods to mitigate and contain the impact of X. fastidiosa on olives, the predominant host affected in this epidemic. Preliminary evidence of the presence of resistance in some olive cultivars represents a promising approach currently under investigation for long-term management strategies. The present review describes the current status of the epidemic and major research achievements since 2013.

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