scholarly journals Emulsions Made of Oils from Seeds of GM Flax Protect V79 Cells against Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skorkowska-Telichowska ◽  
Karolina Hasiewicz-Derkacz ◽  
Tomasz Gębarowski ◽  
Anna Kulma ◽  
Helena Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
V79 Cells ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Transgenic Flax ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and hydrophilic phenolic compounds are components of flax oil that act as antioxidants. We investigated the impact of flax oil from transgenic flax in the form of emulsions on stressed Chinese hamster pulmonary fibroblasts. We found that the emulsions protect V79 cells against the H2O2and the effect is dose dependent. They reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protected genomic DNA against damage. The rate of cell proliferation increased upon treatment with the emulsions at a low concentration, while at a high concentration it decreased significantly, accompanied by increased frequency of apoptotic cell death. Expression analysis of selected genes revealed the upregulatory impact of the emulsions on the histones, acetylases, and deacetylases. Expression of apoptotic, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory genes was also altered. It is thus suggested that flax oil emulsions might be useful as a basis for biomedical products that actively protect cells against inflammation and degeneration. The beneficial effect on fibroblast resistance to oxidative damage was superior in the emulsion made of oil from transgenic plants which was correlated with the quantity of antioxidants and squalene. The emulsions from transgenic flax are promising candidates for skin protection against oxidative damage.

Chemical Composition and Metal Speciation in Porewaters from the Upper Qu’Appelle River Basin, Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Farrell ◽  
Jae E. Yang ◽  
P. Ming Huang ◽  
Wen K. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Carbonate Equilibria ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (> 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.

scholarly journals Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jin Sang Jung ◽  
Ji Hwan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

scholarly journals Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Impairs Mayaro Virus Replication in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and HeLa Cells

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Madelaine Sugasti-Salazar ◽  
Yessica Y. Llamas-González ◽  
Dalkiria Campos ◽  
José González-Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Mayaro Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Mayaro virus (MAYV) hijacks the host’s cell machinery to effectively replicate. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 have emerged as crucial cellular factors implicated in different stages of the viral cycle. However, whether MAYV uses these MAPKs to competently replicate has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MAPK inhibition on MAYV replication using primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and HeLa cells. Viral yields in supernatants from MAYV-infected cells treated or untreated with inhibitors SB203580, SP600125, U0126, or Losmapimod were quantified using plaque assay. Additionally, viral protein expression was analyzed using immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Knockdown of p38⍺/p38β isoforms was performed in HDFs using the PROTACs molecule NR-7h. Our data demonstrated that HDFs are highly susceptible to MAYV infection. SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, reduced MAYV replication in a dose-dependent manner in both HDFs and HeLa cells. Additionally, SB203580 significantly decreased viral E1 protein expression. Similarly, knockdown or inhibition of p38⍺/p38β isoforms with NR-7h or Losmapimod, respectively, affected MAYV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings suggest that p38 could play an important role in MAYV replication and could serve as a therapeutic target to control MAYV infection.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic modulation of 5-fluorouracil by folinic acid and high-dose pyridoxine for treatment of patients with digestive tract carcinomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Machover ◽  
Wathek Almohamad ◽  
Vincent Castagné ◽  
Christophe Desterke ◽  
Léa Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Esophagus ◽  
Pancreas Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

AbstractSupplementation of cancer cells exposed to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and folinic acid (FA) with high concentration pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, the cofactor of vitamin B6, potentiates the cytotoxicity of FUra in a synergistic interaction mode. We report a pilot study in 13 patients with previously untreated advanced carcinoma of the digestive tract to assess the impact of high-dose pyridoxine (PN) on the antitumor activity of regimens comprising FUra and FA. Five patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC); 5 had pancreas adenocarcinoma (PC); and 3 had squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (EC). Patients with CRC and with PC received oxaliplatin, irinotecan, FUra and FA, and patients with EC had paclitaxel, carboplatin, FUra and FA. PN iv from 1000 to 3000 mg/day preceded each administration of FA and FUra. Eleven patients responded. Two patients with CRC attained CRs and 3 had PRs with reduction rates ≥ 78%. Two patients with PC attained CRs, and 2 had PRs with reduction rates ≥ 79%. Responders experienced disappearance of most metastases. Of 3 patients with EC, 2 attained CRs. Median time to attain a response was 3 months. Unexpected toxicity did not occur. Results suggest that high-dose vitamin B6 enhances antitumor potency of regimens comprising FUra and FA.

scholarly journals Photocrosslinking and photopatterning of magneto-optical nanocomposite sol–gel thin film under deep-UV irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bidaud ◽  
D. Berling ◽  
D. Jamon ◽  
E. Gamet ◽  
S. Neveu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nanocomposite Thin Films ◽  
Deep Uv ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
193 Nm ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper is aimed at investigating the process of photocrosslinking under Deep-UV irradiation of nanocomposite thin films doped with cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This material is composed of a hybrid sol–gel matrix in which MNP can be introduced with high concentrations up to 20 vol%. Deep-UV (193 nm) is not only interesting for high-resolution patterning but we also show an efficient photopolymerization pathway even in the presence of high concentration of MNPs. In this study, we demonstrate that the photocrosslinking is based on the free radical polymerization of the methacrylate functions of the hybrid precursor. This process is initiated by Titanium-oxo clusters. The impact of the nanoparticles on the photopolymerization kinetic and photopatterning is investigated. We finally show that the photosensitive nanocomposite is suitable to obtain micropatterns with sub-micron resolution, with a simple and versatile process, which opens many opportunities for fabrication of miniaturized magneto-optical devices for photonic applications.

Decline of contractility during ischemia-reperfusion injury: actin glutathionylation and its effect on allosteric interaction with tropomyosin

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. C719-C727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Chen ◽  
Ozgur Ogut
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The severity and duration of ischemia-reperfusion injury is hypothesized to play an important role in the ability of the heart subsequently to recover contractility. Permeabilized trabeculae were prepared from a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury to examine the impact on force generation. Compared with the control perfused condition, the maximum force (Fmax) per cross-sectional area and the rate of tension redevelopment of Ca2+-activated trabeculae fell by 71% and 44%, respectively, during ischemia despite the availability of a high concentration of ATP. The reduction in Fmax with ischemia was accompanied by a decline in fiber stiffness, implying a drop in the absolute number of attached cross bridges. However, the declines during ischemia were largely recovered after reperfusion, leading to the hypothesis that intrinsic, reversible posttranslational modifications to proteins of the contractile filaments occur during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Examination of thin-filament proteins from ischemic or ischemia-reperfused hearts did not reveal proteolysis of troponin I or T. However, actin was found to be glutathionylated with ischemia. Light-scattering experiments demonstrated that glutathionylated G-actin did not polymerize as efficiently as native G-actin. Although tropomyosin accelerated the time course of native and glutathionylated G-actin polymerization, the polymerization of glutathionylated G-actin still lagged native G-actin at all concentrations of tropomyosin tested. Furthermore, cosedimentation experiments demonstrated that tropomyosin bound glutathionylated F-actin with significantly reduced cooperativity. Therefore, glutathionylated actin may be a novel contributor to the diverse set of posttranslational modifications that define the function of the contractile filaments during ischemia-reperfusion injury.

scholarly journals Differential SOD2 and GSTZ1 profiles contribute to contrasting dental pulp stem cell susceptibilities to oxidative damage and premature senescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Y. A. Alaidaroos ◽  
Amr Alraies ◽  
Rachel J. Waddington ◽  
Alastair J. Sloan ◽  
Ryan Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Marker Expression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are increasingly being advocated as viable cell sources for regenerative medicine-based therapies. However, significant heterogeneity in DPSC expansion and multi-potency capabilities are well-established, attributed to contrasting telomere profiles and susceptibilities to replicative senescence. As DPSCs possess negligible human telomerase (hTERT) expression, we examined whether intrinsic differences in the susceptibilities of DPSC sub-populations to oxidative stress-induced biomolecular damage and premature senescence further contributed to this heterogeneity, via differential enzymic antioxidant capabilities between DPSCs. Methods DPSCs were isolated from human third molars by differential fibronectin adhesion, and positive mesenchymal (CD73/CD90/CD105) and negative hematopoietic (CD45) stem cell marker expression confirmed. Isolated sub-populations were expanded in H2O2 (0–200 μM) and established as high or low proliferative DPSCs, based on population doublings (PDs) and senescence (telomere lengths, SA-β-galactosidase, p53/p16INK4a/p21waf1/hTERT) marker detection. The impact of DPSC expansion on mesenchymal, embryonic, and neural crest marker expression was assessed, as were the susceptibilities of high and low proliferative DPSCs to oxidative DNA and protein damage by immunocytochemistry. Expression profiles for superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase, and glutathione-related antioxidants were further compared between DPSC sub-populations by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and activity assays. Results High proliferative DPSCs underwent > 80PDs in culture and resisted H2O2−induced senescence (50–76PDs). In contrast, low proliferative sub-populations exhibited accelerated senescence (4–32PDs), even in untreated controls (11-34PDs). While telomere lengths were largely unaffected, certain stem cell marker expression declined with H2O2 treatment and expansion. Elevated senescence susceptibilities in low proliferative DPSC (2–10PDs) were accompanied by increased oxidative damage, absent in high proliferative DPSCs until 45–60PDs. Increased SOD2/glutathione S-transferase ζ1 (GSTZ1) expression and SOD activities were identified in high proliferative DPSCs (10–25PDs), which declined during expansion. Low proliferative DPSCs (2–10PDs) exhibited inferior SOD, catalase and glutathione-related antioxidant expression/activities. Conclusions Significant variations exist in the susceptibilities of DPSC sub-populations to oxidative damage and premature senescence, contributed to by differential SOD2 and GSTZ1 profiles which maintain senescence-resistance/stemness properties in high proliferative DPSCs. Identification of superior antioxidant properties in high proliferative DPSCs enhances our understanding of DPSC biology and senescence, which may be exploited for selective sub-population screening/isolation from dental pulp tissues for regenerative medicine-based applications.

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