scholarly journals Effect of Dissection and Reconstruction of Palatal Muscles on Morphological Features and Ultrastructure of the Oral Musculature in Cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Han ◽  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Qi ◽  
Wenguang Xu ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Muscle Ultrastructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Over Time

The study was designed to determine the effect of dissection and reconstruction of palatal muscles on muscle morphology in cats. 27 cats were randomly divided into three groups according to the extent of muscle dissection from the palatal midline. All dissections were performed from the posterior border of the hard palate, and the muscles were allowed to reconstruct over time. The morphological features were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue sections, and ultrastructure was observed under a transmission electron microscope. As a result, no obvious differences were evident in the morphological features or ultrastructure of animals in the <1/3rd and 1/3rd-2/3rd area groups. In the >2/3rd area group, the muscles fibers were disordered and inflammatory cell infiltration and naïve muscle cells were found at one month after surgery. At the second and third month after surgery, the muscle fibers showed regular alignment, the naïve muscle fibers gradually matured, and the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells decreased. Muscle ultrastructure analysis revealed that myocommata were correctly aligned, and the Z line was more distinct. In conclusion, extensive dissection of palatal muscles does not result in fibrosis. Injury to oral musculature can be repaired and the musculature regenerated over time.

scholarly journals 16. Healing Process Of Burns (Vulnus combustion) Degrees IIB Using Mixed Leaf (Spondias dulcis F.) Fresh And Dry With Vaselin In Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis ◽  
Mirna Safrani Fauzi ◽  
Zuhrawati NA ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽  
Razali Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

           The aims of this research was looked to determine the healing process of burns  Grade II B using a mixture of fresh and dried leaf kedondong with vaseline white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Animals used were 18 rats. This study was designed using three treatment groups namely (KI) vaseline, (KII) mixture of crushed leaves and fresh kedondong (KIII) mixture of crushed dried leaves kedondong and each two replications. Burns made on the backs of mice and the treatments are done twice a day for 21 days.Observation research parameter is the description of macroscopic and microscopic observed at day 7, 14, and 21 in the skin tissue with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The observation of macroscopic studies showed that the formation of a reddish color, presence of edema, and loss of the fastest consecutive scab is KI, KIII, and KII, while the formation of a scab fastest respectively KIII, KI and KII. The observation of histopathology showed on day 7, KI, KII and KIII found inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage and edema with the spread of many.on the 14th day of KI and KII infiltration of inflammatory cells and their udema much, whereas KIII inflammatory cell infiltration decreased, and hyperemia increase, on the 21st day KI, KII and KII inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperemia and hemorrhage spread with a little, but KI and KII oedemanya still being spread. Based on the results of this study concluded that KIII accelerate the healing process of burns on rats

scholarly journals A Transient Developmental Background Finding in the Retina Observed in Neonatal Dogs in Juvenile Toxicology Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Petruska ◽  
Amera K. Remick ◽  
Typhaine Lejeune ◽  
Mark Vezina ◽  
Keith Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Light Microscopic Examination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

In a juvenile toxicology program, an unexpected finding of vacuolation of inner nuclear, ganglion cell, and nerve fiber layers of the retina was observed microscopically in routine Davidson’s fixed and hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections of eyes in beagle dogs at approximately 5 weeks of age. There was no necrosis or degeneration of the affected cells and no associated inflammation. Fluorescein angiography revealed no vascular leakage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated swollen cells in the same layers of the retina as observed at light microscopic examination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the retinal vacuolation likely was consistent with intracellular swelling of amacrine, horizontal, and/or bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer as affected cells had an expanded cytoplasm but contained normal nucleus and organelles. As assessed by animal behavior and full-field electroretinography, the retinal vacuolation appeared to have no impact on visual function. Retinal vacuolation was seen in approximately 40% of dogs at 5 weeks of age using OCT and/or light microscopic examination. Because the change was transient and age related, did not result in degenerative retinal changes, and was not present in dogs older than 5 weeks of age, it was considered a background developmental observation in beagle dogs.

scholarly journals Role of interleukin-33 in the clinical pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 3332-3343
Author(s):  
Tana Gegen ◽  
Yanxia Zhu ◽  
Qinnuan Sun ◽  
Benxiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Objective This study investigated interleukin (IL)-33 expression in chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions and possible relationships with receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Methods Inflammatory cell infiltration in CAP lesions and samples of healthy periapical tissue (n = 30 each) was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-33, RANKL, and OPG expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. In CAP lesions alone, relationships between mRNA level of IL-33 and mRNA levels of both RANKL and OPG were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results Histological analysis revealed a large number of inflammatory cells in CAP lesions, and immunohistochemistry revealed IL-33-positive cells. There were more IL-33- and RANKL-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue, whereas there were fewer OPG-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue. In CAP lesions alone, IL-33 mRNA level was negatively correlated with mRNA level of RANKL and positively correlated with mRNA level of OPG. Conclusions IL-33 is highly expressed in CAP lesions, where it is negatively correlated with RANKL and positively correlated with OPG expression. IL-33 may protect against bone resorption via RANKL suppression and OPG induction, and constitutes a potential target for CAP treatment.

scholarly journals Ganoderic Acid A Alleviates OVA-Induced Asthma in Mice

Inflammation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Lu ◽  
Chenyang Xu ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Guojun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Ganoderic Acid ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Asthma Model

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on OVA-induced asthma in mice. Mouse asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) in vitro. Diff-Quik staining was used to observe the total numbers of cells and the number of classification cells in each group, and HE staining was used to observe lung inflammation in lung tissue sections. ELISA was used to detect the effect of GAA on the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 in serum and lung tissue. The expression levels of TLR/NF-κB were detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression changes of TLR4 and P-P65. Compared with the normal group, the inflammatory cell count, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in the model group increased, and TLR/NF-kB signal protein expression increased. Compared with the model group, in GAA group, the number of inflammatory cells, the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 decreased, and the expression of TLR/NF-kB signaling protein decreased. GAA regulated lung inflammation in asthmatic mice by inhibiting TLR/NF-kB signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Ahmed implant coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) inhibits foreign body reactions in rabbit eyes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252467
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kee ◽  
Eun Jung Lee ◽  
Jong Chul Han ◽  
Changwon Kee
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Contralateral Eye

Purpose Wound healing after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation often entails fibrosis as a foreign body reaction to the silicone plate. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) forms an antifouling surface that inhibits fibrosis during wound healing. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the implantation of AGV coated with PMPC (wPMPC) versus AGV without PMPC (woPMPC) in rabbits. Methods Six New Zealand White rabbit does underwent AGV implantation in both eyes. For each rabbit, one eye was randomly selected for implantation of AGV wPMPC and a conventional AGV (woPMPC) was implanted in the contralateral eye. Gross conjunctival vascularity was compared between the two groups at the first, second, and fourth weeks after surgery. The eyes were enucleated in four weeks and subjected to staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stain. The fibrosis and inflammation status among the eye samples were compared by measuring the thickness of the fibrotic walls and counting the number of chronic inflammatory cells around the AGV. Counting of inflammatory cells and measuring fibrotic wall thickness were done in a blinded method to eliminate observer bias. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Gross and histological examinations revealed no toxic effects of PMPC. There were no apparent differences in overall conjunctival vascularity between the two groups at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after surgery. The average inflammatory cell counts were 14.3 ± 5.8 per slide and 27.3 ± 8.6 per slide in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.037). The average thicknesses of the fibrotic wall were 57.9 ± 11.3 μm and 81.5 ± 21.3 μm in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.025). Conclusion Compared to the woPMPC group, the number of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were significantly decreased in the wPMPC group.

A combined pseudoreplica-immunocytochemical technique for research and diagnostic virology

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-901
Author(s):  
Blayne Fritz ◽  
Stanley J. Naides ◽  
Kenneth Moore
Keyword(s):  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Specimen Retrieval ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Diagnostic Virology

The pseudoreplica method of staining viral particles for visualization by transmission electron microscopy is a very popular technique. The ability to concentrate clinical specimens while semi-embedding viral particles makes it especially well suited for morphologic and diagnostic virology. Immunolabelling viral particles with colloidal gold is a technique frequently employed by both research and diagnostic virologists. We have characterized a procedure which provides the advantage of both by modifying and combining pseudoreplica staining and immunogold labelling.Modification of specimen retrieval and delay of staining allows us to utilize pseudoreplica processed specimens within our standard immunogold labelling protocol. In brief, we absorbed samples onto 2% agarose, added.25% Formvar and wicked dry. We then floated the Formvar-virus film onto double distilled water, added grids and retrieved with parafilm. The Formvar-virus specimens were then treated as thin tissue sections within our standard two stage immunolabelling protocol. Following completion of immunogold labelling; each grid was negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate contrast stains.

scholarly journals PathoFusion: An Open-Source AI Framework for Recognition of Pathomorphological Features and Mapping of Immunohistochemical Data

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Guoqing Bao ◽  
Xiuying Wang ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Christina Loh ◽  
Oreoluwa Daniel Adeyinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Contextual Feature ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Feature Information ◽  
Software Code

We have developed a platform, termed PathoFusion, which is an integrated system for marking, training, and recognition of pathological features in whole-slide tissue sections. The platform uses a bifocal convolutional neural network (BCNN) which is designed to simultaneously capture both index and contextual feature information from shorter and longer image tiles, respectively. This is analogous to how a microscopist in pathology works, identifying a cancerous morphological feature in the tissue context using first a narrow and then a wider focus, hence bifocal. Adjacent tissue sections obtained from glioblastoma cases were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (CD276) staining. Image tiles cropped from the digitized images based on markings made by a consultant neuropathologist were used to train the BCNN. PathoFusion demonstrated its ability to recognize malignant neuropathological features autonomously and map immunohistochemical data simultaneously. Our experiments show that PathoFusion achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.985 ± 0.011 and 0.988 ± 0.001 in patch-level recognition of six typical pathomorphological features and detection of associated immunoreactivity, respectively. On this basis, the system further correlated CD276 immunoreactivity to abnormal tumor vasculature. Corresponding feature distributions and overlaps were visualized by heatmaps, permitting high-resolution qualitative as well as quantitative morphological analyses for entire histological slides. Recognition of more user-defined pathomorphological features can be added to the system and included in future tissue analyses. Integration of PathoFusion with the day-to-day service workflow of a (neuro)pathology department is a goal. The software code for PathoFusion is made publicly available.

The Role of Microscopy in Preclinical Safety Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Dovey-Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Regulatory Submissions ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Preclinical Safety

Microscopy plays a vital role in assessing the safety of New Chemical Entities (NCE) in the pre-clinical phase of drug development. Light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used at the Schering-Plough Research Institute (SPRI) for evaluation of NCE. To support regulatory submissions, NCE are routinely tested in rodents in short-term studies such as one-month toxicity studies, and in longterm studies such as oncogenicity studies that may last 24 months. At the completion of a study, the animals are necropsied and the required tissues collected and stored in fixative. The tissues for LM are processed to slides and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). The information derived from the examination of these tissues by LM becomes an essential part of the pathology report. The LM examination of these tissues usually yields the information needed to either progress a NCE or otherwise deter or halt development.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

scholarly journals Urokinase Attenuates Pulmonary Thromboembolism in an Animal Model by Inhibition of Inflammatory Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shi ◽  
Zhirong Zhang ◽  
Danli Cai ◽  
Jing Kuang ◽  
Shuifang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Determining Factor

Inflammatory response is an important determining factor for the mortality of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Inflammatory mediators can promote thrombus formation and increase hemodynamic instability. Urokinase is a commonly used drug for the treatment of PTE. The effect of urokinase on inflammatory reaction in PTE is still unclear. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the intervention of urokinase and urokinase combined with aspirin in PTE rats. Results revealed that a large amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells surrounding the bronchus, vessels, and pulmonary mesenchyme, and even pulmonary abscess were observed in the PTE rats. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression, CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression, and TXA2 were significantly higher. After treatment with urokinase, pulmonary embolism was partially dissolved and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. The expression of TNNI3, BNP, D2D, PASP, PADP, PAMP, and TXA2, as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression and CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression were significantly lowered. Aspirin showed no synergistic action. Therefore, these findings suggested the occurrence of inflammation during the process of PTE in rats. Urokinase treatment reduced the inflammatory response.

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