scholarly journals Ahmed implant coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) inhibits foreign body reactions in rabbit eyes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252467
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kee ◽  
Eun Jung Lee ◽  
Jong Chul Han ◽  
Changwon Kee
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Contralateral Eye

Purpose Wound healing after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation often entails fibrosis as a foreign body reaction to the silicone plate. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) forms an antifouling surface that inhibits fibrosis during wound healing. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the implantation of AGV coated with PMPC (wPMPC) versus AGV without PMPC (woPMPC) in rabbits. Methods Six New Zealand White rabbit does underwent AGV implantation in both eyes. For each rabbit, one eye was randomly selected for implantation of AGV wPMPC and a conventional AGV (woPMPC) was implanted in the contralateral eye. Gross conjunctival vascularity was compared between the two groups at the first, second, and fourth weeks after surgery. The eyes were enucleated in four weeks and subjected to staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stain. The fibrosis and inflammation status among the eye samples were compared by measuring the thickness of the fibrotic walls and counting the number of chronic inflammatory cells around the AGV. Counting of inflammatory cells and measuring fibrotic wall thickness were done in a blinded method to eliminate observer bias. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Gross and histological examinations revealed no toxic effects of PMPC. There were no apparent differences in overall conjunctival vascularity between the two groups at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after surgery. The average inflammatory cell counts were 14.3 ± 5.8 per slide and 27.3 ± 8.6 per slide in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.037). The average thicknesses of the fibrotic wall were 57.9 ± 11.3 μm and 81.5 ± 21.3 μm in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.025). Conclusion Compared to the woPMPC group, the number of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were significantly decreased in the wPMPC group.

scholarly journals Local Foreign-Body Reaction to Commercial Biodegradable Implants: An in Vivo Animal Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Xue ◽  
John C. Koshy ◽  
William M. Weathers ◽  
Erik M. Wolfswinkel ◽  
Yoav Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
The 1960S

Biodegradable plates have been used extensively in fracture fixation since the 1960s. They rarely cause stress-protection atrophy or problems requiring secondary plate removal, common complications seen with metallic plates. However, aseptic foreign-body reactions have been reported, sometimes years after the original implantation. Both inadequate polymer degradation and debris accumulation have been implicated as causes. The current generation of commercial biodegradable plates is formulated to minimize this complication by altering the ratio of polylactic and polyglycolic acids. This in vivo study compares the degree of local foreign-body reaction of two commercially available resorbable plates in rabbits. Two types of biodegradable plates were examined: poly(D/L)lactide acid (PDLLA) and polylactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA). Each plate was placed into a periosteal pericalvarial pocket created beneath the anterior or posterior scalp of a rabbit. Humane killing occurred at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Foreign-body reaction was evaluated histologically. The PDLLA plates demonstrated marked local foreign-body reactions within the implant capsule as early as 3 months after implantation, with presence of inflammatory cells and granulomatous giant cells in close association with the implant material. All local foreign-body reactions were subclinical with no corresponding tissue swelling requiring drainage. PLGA plates did not demonstrate any signs of inflammatory reactions. In addition, the PLGA plates did not appear to resorb or integrate at 12 months. Neither PDLLA nor PLGA plates demonstrated inflammation of the soft tissue or adjacent bone outside the implant capsule. In our study, the PDLLA plates demonstrated histological evidence of foreign-body reaction that is confined within the implant capsule, which was not seen with the PLGA plates. This finding may be attributable to the lack of significant resorption seen in the PLGA plates. Both PDLLA and PLGA plates were biocompatible with the rabbit tissue environment and should be considered for continued use in craniofacial, maxillofacial, and orthopedic reconstruction.

scholarly journals 16. Healing Process Of Burns (Vulnus combustion) Degrees IIB Using Mixed Leaf (Spondias dulcis F.) Fresh And Dry With Vaselin In Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis ◽  
Mirna Safrani Fauzi ◽  
Zuhrawati NA ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽  
Razali Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

           The aims of this research was looked to determine the healing process of burns  Grade II B using a mixture of fresh and dried leaf kedondong with vaseline white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Animals used were 18 rats. This study was designed using three treatment groups namely (KI) vaseline, (KII) mixture of crushed leaves and fresh kedondong (KIII) mixture of crushed dried leaves kedondong and each two replications. Burns made on the backs of mice and the treatments are done twice a day for 21 days.Observation research parameter is the description of macroscopic and microscopic observed at day 7, 14, and 21 in the skin tissue with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The observation of macroscopic studies showed that the formation of a reddish color, presence of edema, and loss of the fastest consecutive scab is KI, KIII, and KII, while the formation of a scab fastest respectively KIII, KI and KII. The observation of histopathology showed on day 7, KI, KII and KIII found inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage and edema with the spread of many.on the 14th day of KI and KII infiltration of inflammatory cells and their udema much, whereas KIII inflammatory cell infiltration decreased, and hyperemia increase, on the 21st day KI, KII and KII inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperemia and hemorrhage spread with a little, but KI and KII oedemanya still being spread. Based on the results of this study concluded that KIII accelerate the healing process of burns on rats

scholarly journals Large Animal Studies to Reduce the Foreign Body Reaction in Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Shan Yasin Mian ◽  
Jonathan Roy Honey ◽  
Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte ◽  
Damiano Giuseppe Barone
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrode Insertion

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are reliant on the interface between electrodes and neurons to function. The foreign body reaction (FBR) that occurs in response to electrodes in the brain alters this interface and may pollute detected signals, ultimately impeding BCI function. The size of the FBR is influenced by several key factors explored in this review; namely, (a) the size of the animal tested, (b) anatomical location of the BCI, (c) the electrode morphology and coating, (d) the mechanics of electrode insertion, and (e) pharmacological modification (e.g., drug eluting electrodes). Trialing methods to reduce FBR in vivo, particularly in large models, is important to enable further translation in humans, and we systematically reviewed the literature to this effect. The OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Scholar databases were searched. Compiled results were analysed qualitatively. Out of 8388 yielded articles, 13 were included for analysis, with most excluded studies experimenting on murine models. Cats, rabbits, and a variety of breeds of minipig/marmoset were trialed. On average, over 30% reduction in inflammatory cells of FBR on post mortem histology was noted across intervention groups. Similar strategies to those used in rodent models, including tip modification and flexible and sinusoidal electrode configurations, all produced good effects in histology; however, a notable absence of trials examining the effect on BCI end-function was noted. Future studies should assess whether the reduction in FBR correlates to an improvement in the functional effect of the intended BCI.

scholarly journals Role of interleukin-33 in the clinical pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 3332-3343
Author(s):  
Tana Gegen ◽  
Yanxia Zhu ◽  
Qinnuan Sun ◽  
Benxiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Objective This study investigated interleukin (IL)-33 expression in chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions and possible relationships with receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Methods Inflammatory cell infiltration in CAP lesions and samples of healthy periapical tissue (n = 30 each) was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-33, RANKL, and OPG expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. In CAP lesions alone, relationships between mRNA level of IL-33 and mRNA levels of both RANKL and OPG were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results Histological analysis revealed a large number of inflammatory cells in CAP lesions, and immunohistochemistry revealed IL-33-positive cells. There were more IL-33- and RANKL-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue, whereas there were fewer OPG-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue. In CAP lesions alone, IL-33 mRNA level was negatively correlated with mRNA level of RANKL and positively correlated with mRNA level of OPG. Conclusions IL-33 is highly expressed in CAP lesions, where it is negatively correlated with RANKL and positively correlated with OPG expression. IL-33 may protect against bone resorption via RANKL suppression and OPG induction, and constitutes a potential target for CAP treatment.

Effects of Membrane Adhesion Barriers on Wound Healing Reaction after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery: A Comparative Study with Interceed and Seprafilm

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akyol ◽  
S. Aydogan ◽  
N. Akpolat
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Filtration Surgery ◽  
Glaucoma Filtration Surgery ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group 1

Purpose To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two adhesion barriers, Interceed and Seprafilm, on wound healing reaction after glaucoma filtration surgery. Materials and Methods Full-thickness filtration surgery was carried out on three groups, each containing four rabbits. Interceed and Seprafilm prepared in 3×4 mm dimensions was put on and around scleral opening in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. All groups received tobramycin and dexamethasone drops tid for 14 days. Intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth, and bleb appearance were checked on the first, third, seventh, and 14th days. The rabbits were killed on the 14th day and the trabeculectomy area with overlying conjunctiva was excised. The samples were fixed with 10% formalin, buried in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The surgical site and surrounding subconjunctival area were evaluated histopathologically for cell counts (fibroblast, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and macrophage), presence of edema and foreign body reaction, and potency of the fistula tract. Results Mean IOP at the first and third day examinations was significantly different between groups, but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups with respect to IOP, anterior chamber depth, or bleb appearance at the seventh and 14th days. The groups were similar with respect to number of fibroblasts, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Number of macrophages was significantly increased in Groups 1 and 2 and number of vessels was significantly decreased in Group 1. Conclusions Neither of these two adhesion-preventing substances seems to suppress wound healing reaction after glaucoma filtration surgery. However, a diminished wound healing reaction was expected with a decreased number of vessels, such as in Group 1. Increased number of macrophages in both groups may result in a decreased level of some inflammatory mediators.

Diagnostic Value of Nasal Cytology in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Assessed by a Liquid-based Cytological Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu She ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Chengshuo Wang ◽  
Luo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

Back ground: Nasal cytology has generally been employed as a useful diagnostic tool in the differentiation of rhinopathies. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the extent and diagnostic value of inflammation of nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis patients by employing a combination of nasal brushings and a liquid-based cytological technique. Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic sinusitis and 20 control subjects without any sign of sinusitis undergoing endoscopic surgery, although not all underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, were recruited to the study. Nasal cytology samples were collected from all subjects using nasal brush and processed a liquid-based cytological technique for evaluation of total and differential inflammatory cell counts. Biopsies were also taken from the inferior turbinates from its anterior margin in all subjects and from identical lateral maxillary sinus mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis during surgery and routinely processed for staining and evaluation of inflammatory cells. Results Total and individual inflammatory cell counts in nasal brushings were significantly correlated with the respective inflammatory cell counts in biopsies obtained from the inferior turbinate (eosinophils: r = .519 and P = .016; neutrophils: r = .540 and P = .012; lymphocytes: r = .540 and P = .011) but not in biopsies obtained from the maxillary sinus. No correlation was observed between the inflammatory cells in biopsies from the inferior turbinate and biopsies from the maxillary sinus. The liquid-based cytological technique showed higher sensitivity (94.1%), specificity (76.9%), and positive predictive value (84.2%) for inflammation in the inferior turbinates than for inflammation in the maxillary sinus (sensitivity = 63.4% and positive predictive value = 63.4%). Conclusion Nasal cytology evaluated by use of nasal brushings processed by a liquid-based cytological technique is likely to have higher diagnostic value for the inflammatory response in noninfectious rhinitis than in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Epidermal inclusion cysts following minimal incision surgery

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Farrer ◽  
WM Forman ◽  
AM Boike
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cyst ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Minimal Incision ◽  
Foreign Body Reactions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Heat Buildup

One of the most frequent causes of epidermal inclusion cysts is trauma involving the epidermis with subsequent implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis or subcutis. Minimal incision surgery is capable of achieving this because it is performed by using small incisions and rapidly rotating power instruments. The technique requires that the surgeon master a high degree of dexterity and knowledge of the anatomy without the aid of direct visualization. Van Enoo and Cane suggest the use of fresh, sharp skin blades to protect against invagination of skin edges which could lead to epidermal inclusion cysts. They also state that an improper position or an incision that is too small will cause tension, which can lead to heat buildup with subsequent sloughing and dehiscence. It may also drive some epidermal cells underneath the dermis and foster an epidermal cyst. Other surgeons using small incisions suggest thorough and copious irrigation to flush away debris and to avoid potential foreign body reactions. The periosteum should be reflected away from the point where the drill bit exits the bone to prevent bone chips from being forced subperiosteally and potentially causing a foreign body reaction. By virtue of the technique, minimal incision surgery lends itself to a greater risk of causing epidermal inclusion cysts. Surgeons who use these techniques must be aware of this potential complication.

scholarly journals Bletilla striata polysaccharide cryogel scaffold for spatial control of foreign-body reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Chen ◽  
Huiqun Zhou ◽  
Daping Xie ◽  
Yiming Niu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Tissue Integration

Abstract Background Implantation of a biomaterial may induce the foreign-body reaction to the host tissue that determines the outcome of the integration and the biological performance of the implants. The foreign-body reaction can be modulated by control of the material properties of the implants. Methods First, we synthesized methacrylated Bletilla striata Polysaccharide (BSP-MA) and constructed a series of open porous cryogels utilizing this material via the freezing-thawing treatment of solvent-precursors systems. Second, Pore size and modulus were measured to characterize the properties of BSP cryogels. Live/dead staining of cells and CCK-8 were performed to test the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. In addition, the Real-Time qPCR experiments were carried for the tests. Finally, the BSP scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously to verify the foreign-body reaction between host tissue and materials. Results Our data demonstrated that cryogels with different pore sizes and modulus can be fabricated by just adjusting the concentration. Besides, the cryogels showed well cytocompatibility in the in vitro experiments and exhibited upregulated expression levels of pro-inflammation-related genes (Tnfa and Il1b) with the increase of pore size. In vivo experiments further proved that with the increase of pore size, more immune cells infiltrated into the inner zone of materials. The foreign-body reaction and the distribution of immune-regulatory cells could be modulated by tuning the material microstructure. Conclusions Collectively, our findings revealed Bletilla striata polysaccharide cryogel scaffold with different pore sizes can spatially control foreign-body reaction. The microstructure of cryogels could differentially guide the distribution of inflammatory cells, affect the formation of blood vessels and fibrous capsules, which eventually influence the material-tissue integration. This work demonstrates a practical strategy to regulate foreign body reaction and promote the performance of medical devices.

Rectal Pulse Granuloma

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma C. Pereira ◽  
Jeffrey W. Prichard ◽  
Mushtaq Khalid ◽  
David S. Medich ◽  
Jan F. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Abstract Pulse granuloma is a rare benign entity, most likely representing a foreign body reaction to vegetable particles. We report a case of a pulse granuloma involving the rectum. The patient presented with a submucosal and intramuscular mass lesion found at routine rectal examination and subsequent colonoscopy. The mass was excised and the microscopic examination revealed acute and chronic inflammatory cells, foreign-body giant cells, vegetable matter, and convoluted hyaline rings and scattered circular structures containing basophilic granules, consistent with pulse granuloma. There are a few reports in the literature of pulse granulomas, with most occurring in the oral cavity or lungs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of pulse granuloma in the rectum. Although rare, familiarity with this entity's distinctive histopathologic features may avoid a delay in diagnosis and prevent the expense of distinguishing it from its histologic lookalikes.

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