scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Ageing Condition of Insulating Paper Using Infrared Spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saldivar-Guerrero ◽  
E. N. Cabrera Álvarez ◽  
U. Leon-Silva ◽  
F. A. Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
F. Delgado Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Ageing Condition

Transformers are very expensive apparatuses and are vital to make the whole power system run normally. The failures in such apparatuses could leave them out of service, causing severe economic losses. The life of a transformer can be effectively determined by the life of the insulating paper. In the present work, we show an alternative diagnostic technique to determine the ageing condition of transformer paper by the use of FTIR spectroscopy and an empirical model. This method has the advantage of using a microsample that could be extracted from the transformer on-site. The proposed technique offers an approximation quantitative evaluation of the degree of polymerization of dielectric papers and could be used for transformer diagnosis and remaining life estimation.

Determination of degree of polymerization of insulating paper using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmilson Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Andréa Monteiro Santana Silva ◽  
Wallace Duarte Fragoso ◽  
Celio Pasquini ◽  
Maria Fernanda Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Insulating Paper

scholarly journals The Degree of Polymerization in a Prediction Model of Insulating Paper and the Remaining Life of Power Transformers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Sherif S. M. Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Insulation Status ◽  
Oil Color

The aging of power transformers causes several defects and damages in the insulating system, especially in the insulating paper. The degradation of the insulating paper generates dissolved gases in the insulating oil, which are measured by gas chromatography and used as an indicator of the insulation status. The state of the insulating paper can be identified based on the degree of polymerization (DP) measurement. In some cases, when the measurement of DP is difficult, estimating DP can be accomplished through gathering information about some of the testing parameters, such as the dissolved gases (DGA), breakdown voltage (BDV), oil interfacial tension (IF), oil acidity (ACI), moisture content (MC), oil color (OC), dielectric loss (Tan δ), and furans concentration specifically (2-furfuraldhyde (FA)). The statistical tools (correlation and multiple linear regression), based on 131 transformer samples, can be used to build a relation linking DP and one or more of the previous parameters to identify the insulating paper status and the percentage of remaining life of the transformer. The results indicated that it is difficult to build a mathematical model to relate between the DP and the testing variables, except with FA, where the trend of DP with FA is more obvious than with other variables. The empirical formula to compute DP based on the FA concentration was developed and gave promising results to compute DP and the remaining life of the power transformers.

scholarly journals Determination of Transformers’ Insulating Paper State Based on Classification Techniques

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif S. M. Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Insulating Oil ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The continuity of transformer operation is very necessary for utilities to maintain a continuity of power flow in networks and achieve a desired revenue. Most failures in a transformer are due to the degradation of the insulating system, which consists of insulating oil and paper. The degree of polymerization (DP) is a key detector of insulating paper state. Most research in the literature has computed the DP as a function of furan compounds, especially 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). In this research, a prediction model was constructed based on some of most periodical tests that were conducted on transformer insulating oil, which were used as predictors of the insulating paper state. The tests evaluated carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), breakdown voltage (VBD), interfacial tension (IF), acidity (ACY), moisture (M), oil color (OC), and 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). The DP, which was used as the key indicator for the paper state, was categorized into five classes labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 to express the insulating paper normal aging rate, accelerating aging rate, excessive aging danger zone, high risk of failure, and the end of expected life, respectively. The classification techniques were applied to the collected data samples to construct a prediction model for the insulating paper state, and the results revealed that the fine tree was the best classifier of the data samples, with a 96.2% prediction accuracy.

scholarly journals New Approach to Quantitative Analysis of Two-Component Polymer Systems by Infrared Spectroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Cole ◽  
Y. Thomas ◽  
E. Pellerin ◽  
M. M. Dumoulin ◽  
R. M. Paroli
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Miscible Blends ◽  
Two Component ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Relationship

A new treatment is proposed for quantitative analysis of two-component polymer systems by infrared spectroscopy. Like much previous work, it is based on a ratio involving two peaks in the same spectrum. The relationship between such a ratio and the concentration of a given polymer is inherently nonlinear. It is shown that this nonlinearity can be well described by a simple equation derived from the laws of optical transmission. This equation has the form χ1 = m1 + m2 R/(1 + m3 R), where χ1 is the weight fraction of polymer 1, the mi are adjustable coefficients, and the ratio R is equal to Aa/( Aa + Ab). The quantities Aa and Ab are the absorbances (peak heights or areas) at two frequencies a and b of which the first is associated mainly with polymer 1 and the second with polymer 2. This equation has been applied to various peak combinations in spectra of miscible blends of poly(phenylene ether) with polystyrene (both mid-IR and near-IR data) and immiscible blends of polypropylene with polyethylene (mid-IR data). It is shown that the equation is valid in all cases, covering the full concentration range from 0 to 100% even when the peaks used for the analysis involve absorption by both polymers. It is therefore believed to be of broad general usefulness for the analysis of polymer blends and copolymers.

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