scholarly journals Altered Effective Connectivity of Hippocampus-Dependent Episodic Memory Network in mTBI Survivors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yan ◽  
Yanqin Feng ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
The Right

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are generally recognized to affect episodic memory. However, less is known regarding how external force altered the way functionally connected brain structures of the episodic memory system interact. To address this issue, we adopted an effective connectivity based analysis, namely, multivariate Granger causality approach, to explore causal interactions within the brain network of interest. Results presented that TBI induced increased bilateral and decreased ipsilateral effective connectivity in the episodic memory network in comparison with that of normal controls. Moreover, the left anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG, the concept forming hub), left hippocampus (the personal experience binding hub), and left parahippocampal gyrus (the contextual association hub) were no longer network hubs in TBI survivors, who compensated for hippocampal deficits by relying more on the right hippocampus (underlying perceptual memory) and the right medial frontal gyrus (MeFG) in the anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC). We postulated that the overrecruitment of the right anterior PFC caused dysfunction of the strategic component of episodic memory, which caused deteriorating episodic memory in mTBI survivors. Our findings also suggested that the pattern of brain network changes in TBI survivors presented similar functional consequences to normal aging.

Dissociable brain correlates for depression, anxiety, dissociation, and somatization in depersonalization-derealization disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Lemche ◽  
Simon A. Surguladze ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
Mauricio Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Caudate Head ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveThe cerebral mechanisms of traits associated with depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPRD) remain poorly understood.MethodHappy and sad emotion expressions were presented to DPRD and non-referred control (NC) subjects in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, and correlated with self report scales reflecting typical co-morbidities of DPRD: depression, dissociation, anxiety, somatization.ResultsSignificant differences between the slopes of the two groups were observed for somatization in the right temporal operculum (happy) and ventral striatum, bilaterally (sad). Discriminative regions for symptoms of depression were the right pulvinar (happy) and left amygdala (sad). For dissociation, discriminative regions were the left mesial inferior temporal gyrus (happy) and left supramarginal gyrus (sad). For state anxiety, discriminative regions were the left inferior frontal gyrus (happy) and parahippocampal gyrus (sad). For trait anxiety, discriminative regions were the right caudate head (happy) and left superior temporal gyrus (sad).DiscussionThe ascertained brain regions are in line with previous findings for the respective traits. The findings suggest separate brain systems for each trait.ConclusionOur results do not justify any bias for a certain nosological category in DPRD.

Identifying neuroanatomical signatures in insomnia and migraine comorbidity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Hsien Chou ◽  
Pei-Lin Lee ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
Jiunn-Tay Lee ◽  
Hung-Wen Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Study Objectives While insomnia and migraine are often comorbid, the shared and distinct neuroanatomical substrates underlying these disorders and the brain structures associated with the comorbidity are unknown. We aimed to identify patterns of neuroanatomical substrate alterations associated with migraine and insomnia comorbidity. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from subjects with insomnia, migraine, and comorbid migraine and insomnia, respectively, and healthy controls (HC). Direct group comparisons with HC followed by conjunction analyses identified shared regional gray matter volume (GMV) alterations between the disorders. To further examine large-scale anatomical network changes, a seed-based structural covariance network (SCN) analysis was applied. Conjunction analyses also identified common SCN alterations in two disease groups, and we further evaluated these shared regional and global neuroanatomical signatures in the comorbid group. Results Compared with controls, patients with migraine and insomnia showed GMV changes in the cerebellum and the lingual, precentral, and postcentral gyri (PCG). The bilateral PCG were common GMV alteration sites in both groups, with decreased structural covariance integrity observed in the cerebellum. In patients with comorbid migraine and insomnia, shared regional GMV and global SCN changes were consistently observed. The GMV of the right PCG also correlated with sleep quality in these patients. Conclusion These findings highlight the specific role of the PCG in the shared pathophysiology of insomnia and migraine from a regional and global brain network perspective. These multilevel neuroanatomical changes could be used as potential image markers to decipher the comorbidity of the two disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Insula-Associated Brain Network in Touch

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxu Wei ◽  
Ruixue Bao
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Secondary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

The insula is believed to be associated with touch-evoked effects. In this work, functional MRI was applied to investigate the network model of insula function when 20 normal subjects received tactile stimulation over segregated areas. Data analysis was performed with SPM8 and Conn toolbox. Activations in the contralateral posterior insula were consistently revealed for all stimulation areas, with the overlap located in area Ig2. The area Ig2 was then used as the seed to estimate the insula-associated network. The right insula, left superior parietal lobule, left superior temporal gyrus, and left inferior parietal cortex showed significant functional connectivity with the seed region for all stimulation conditions. Connectivity maps of most stimulation conditions were mainly distributed in the bilateral insula, inferior parietal cortex, and secondary somatosensory cortex. Post hoc ROI-to-ROI analysis and graph theoretical analysis showed that there were higher correlations between the left insula and the right insula, left inferior parietal cortex and right OP1 for all networks and that the global efficiency was more sensitive than the local efficiency to detect differences between notes in a network. These results suggest that the posterior insula serves as a hub to functionally connect other regions in the detected network and may integrate information from these regions.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Visual to Auditory Human Inhibitory Brain Network: An EEG Dipole Source Localization Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar Chikara ◽  
Li-Wei Ko
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Dipole Source Localization ◽  
The Right

Auditory alarms are used to direct people’s attention to critical events in complicated environments. The capacity for identifying the auditory alarms in order to take the right action in our daily life is critical. In this work, we investigate how auditory alarms affect the neural networks of human inhibition. We used a famous stop-signal or go/no-go task to measure the effect of visual stimuli and auditory alarms on the human brain. In this experiment, go-trials used visual stimulation, via a square or circle symbol, and stop trials used auditory stimulation, via an auditory alarm. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from twelve subjects were acquired and analyzed using an advanced EEG dipole source localization method via independent component analysis (ICA) and EEG-coherence analysis. Behaviorally, the visual stimulus elicited a significantly higher accuracy rate (96.35%) than the auditory stimulus (57.07%) during inhibitory control. EEG theta and beta band power increases in the right middle frontal gyrus (rMFG) were associated with human inhibitory control. In addition, delta, theta, alpha, and beta band increases in the right cingulate gyrus (rCG) and delta band increases in both right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) and left superior temporal gyrus (lSTG) were associated with the network changes induced by auditory alarms. We further observed that theta-alpha and beta bands between lSTG-rMFG and lSTG-rSTG pathways had higher connectivity magnitudes in the brain network when performing the visual tasks changed to receiving the auditory alarms. These findings could be useful for further understanding the human brain in realistic environments.

scholarly journals High Proficiency in a Second Language is Characterized by Greater Involvement of the First Language Network: Evidence from Chinese Learners of English

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1649-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Charles A. Perfetti ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
The Right

The assimilation hypothesis argues that second language learning recruits the brain network for processing the native language, whereas the accommodation hypothesis argues that learning a second language recruits brain structures not involved in native language processing. This study tested these hypotheses by examining brain activation of a group of native Chinese speakers, who were late bilinguals with varying levels of proficiency in English, when they performed a rhyming judgment to visually presented English word pairs (CE group) during fMRI. Assimilation was examined by comparing the CE group to native Chinese speakers performing the rhyming task in Chinese (CC group), and accommodation was examined by comparing the CE group to native English speakers performing the rhyming task in English (EE group). The CE group was very similar in activation to the CC group, supporting the assimilation hypothesis. Additional support for the assimilation hypothesis was the finding that higher proficiency in the CE group was related to increased activation in the Chinese network (as defined by the CC > EE), including the left middle frontal gyrus, the right inferior parietal lobule, and the right precuneus, and decreased activation in the English network (as defined by the EE > CC), including the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left inferior temporal gyrus. Although most of the results support assimilation, there was some evidence for accommodation as the CE group showed less activation in the Chinese network including the right middle occipital gyrus, which has been argued to be involved in holistic visuospatial processing of Chinese characters.

scholarly journals Structural alterations in deep brain structures in type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Pavel Filip ◽  
Antonietta Canna ◽  
Amir Moheet ◽  
Petr Bednarik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vascular Disruption ◽  
The Right

Even though well known in type 2 diabetes, the existence of brain changes in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and both their neuroanatomical and clinical features are less well characterized. To fill the void in the current understanding of this disease, we sought to determine the possible neural correlate in long-duration T1D at several levels including macrostructural, microstructural cerebral damage and blood flow alterations. In this cross-sectional study, we compared a cohort of 61 patients with T1D with an average disease duration of 21 years with 54 well-matched non-diabetic controls in a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol providing macrostructural metrics (cortical thickness and structural volumes), microstructural measures (T1w/T2w ratio as a marker myelin content, inflammation and oedema), and cerebral blood flow. T1D patients had higher T1w/T2w ratios in the right parahippocampal gyrus, the executive part of both putamina, both thalami and in the cerebellum. These alterations were reflected in lower putaminal and thalamic volume bilaterally. No cerebral blood flow differences between groups were found in any of these structures, suggesting non-vascular aetiologies of these changes. Our findings implicate a marked non-vascular disruption in T1D of several essential neural nodes engaged in both cognitive and motor processing.

scholarly journals Structural alterations in deep brain structures in type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Pavel Filip ◽  
Antonietta Canna ◽  
Amir Moheet ◽  
Petr Bednarik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vascular Disruption ◽  
The Right

Even though well known in type 2 diabetes, the existence of brain changes in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and both their neuroanatomical and clinical features are less well characterized. To fill the void in the current understanding of this disease, we sought to determine the possible neural correlate in long-duration T1D at several levels including macrostructural, microstructural cerebral damage and blood flow alterations. In this cross-sectional study, we compared a cohort of 61 patients with T1D with an average disease duration of 21 years with 54 well-matched non-diabetic controls in a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol providing macrostructural metrics (cortical thickness and structural volumes), microstructural measures (T1w/T2w ratio as a marker myelin content, inflammation and oedema), and cerebral blood flow. T1D patients had higher T1w/T2w ratios in the right parahippocampal gyrus, the executive part of both putamina, both thalami and in the cerebellum. These alterations were reflected in lower putaminal and thalamic volume bilaterally. No cerebral blood flow differences between groups were found in any of these structures, suggesting non-vascular aetiologies of these changes. Our findings implicate a marked non-vascular disruption in T1D of several essential neural nodes engaged in both cognitive and motor processing.

scholarly journals The personality dispositions and resting-state neural correlates associated with aggressive children

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004-1016
Author(s):  
Qingqing Li ◽  
Mingyue Xiao ◽  
Shiqing Song ◽  
Yufei Huang ◽  
Ximei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Trait Aggression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aggressive Children

Abstract Despite aggression being detrimental to children’s physical health, mental health and social development, the dispositional and neurological antecedents of aggression in the child are poorly understood. Here we examined the relationship between trait aggression as measured by Buss and Warren’s Aggression Questionnaire and personality traits measured with Big Five Questionnaire for Children in 77 primary-school children and recorded resting-state brain activity (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations [fALFF]) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The present results showed that trait aggression was negatively correlated with agreeableness and positively correlated with neuroticism. The brain analyses showed that children with a higher propensity for aggression had a lower fALFF mainly in the left superior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus. Physical and total aggressions were negatively associated with rsFC between the right parahippocampal gyrus and the right putamen. Further analysis revealed that this rsFC could moderate the influence of neuroticism on total aggression. Moreover, the results suggest the presence of a sex difference in the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying aggression in middle childhood. Overall, our findings indicate that aggressive children have lower agreeableness and higher neuroticism, and the underlying neural systems are mainly implicated in social judgment and empathy.

scholarly journals Altered brain network centrality in patients with adult comitant exotropia strabismus: A resting-state fMRI study

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Tan ◽  
Zeng-Renqing Dan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yu-Lin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To investigate the underlying functional network brain-activity changes in patients with adult comitant exotropia strabismus (CES) and the relationship with clinical features using the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) method. Methods A total of 30 patients with CES (17 men, 13 women), and 30 healthy controls (HCs; 17 men, 13 women) matched in age, sex, and education level participated in the study. DC was used to evaluate spontaneous brain activity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to distinguish CESs from HCs. The relationship between mean DC values in various brain regions and behavioral performance was examined with correlation analysis. Results Compared with HCs, CES patients exhibited decreased DC values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, right inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right superior parietal lobule/primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and increased DC values in the right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, right superior temporal gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule. However, there was no correlation between mean DC values and behavioral performance in any brain regions. Conclusions Adult comitant exotropia strabismus is associated with abnormal brain network activity in various brain regions, possibly reflecting the pathological mechanisms of ocular motility disorders in CES.

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