scholarly journals Decreased Effective Connectivity from Cortices to the Right Parahippocampal Gyrus in Alzheimer's Disease Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Chen ◽  
B. Douglas Ward ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Shi-Jiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Content of delusional thoughts in Alzheimer's disease and assessment of content-specific brain dysfunctions with BEHAVE-AD-FW and SPECT

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nakatsuka ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuboi ◽  
Kei Nakamura ◽  
Kyoko Akanuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackground: A consensus on the brain dysfunction(s) underlying the delusions of Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) remains to be achieved. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that content-based categorization of delusional ideas manifests as dysfunction of category-specific brain regions.Methods: Fifty-nine consecutive first-visit AD outpatients underwent Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Mini-Mental State Examination, and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency-Weighted Severity scale (BEHAVE-AD-FW) to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF), cognitive function, and delusion, respectively. SPECT images were analyzed by SPM5.Results: CBF decreased at the temporal poles and right inferior temporal gyrus in “delusion of theft,” at the temporal poles in “suspiciousness/paranoia,” at the right parahippocampal gyrus and insula in “abandonment,” and at the right amygdala in “Residence is not home.”Conclusions: Our findings offer a perspective on the discrete categories of the pathological thoughts of AD patients that have previously been lumped together as “delusions.” Dysfunction of the temporal poles may be associated with a socioemotional deterioration that may include pathological suspiciousness. Delusion of theft may be a manifestation of socioemotional deterioration and poor insight. Emotional factors may be essential for delusions of abandonment and “not home.”

scholarly journals Nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated with Alzheimer’s disease mimicking symptomatic focal epilepsy following the resection of a frontal parasagittal meningioma

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Keisuke Abe ◽  
Nobutaka Mukae ◽  
Takato Morioka ◽  
Yuhei Sangatsuda ◽  
Ayumi Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Epileptogenic Lesion ◽  
Consciousness Disorder ◽  
Impaired Awareness ◽  
The Right

Background: Epilepsies are frequent in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, epilepsies in AD can easily go unrecognized because they usually present as focal impaired awareness seizures or nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and can overlap with other symptoms of AD. Case Description: We performed an epilepsy surgery in a 69-year-old woman with progressive cognitive impairment and consciousness disorder, who was diagnosed with focal NCSE related to the resected meningioma in the right frontal parasagittal region. Intraoperative electrocorticography revealed localized periodic paroxysmal discharges with beta and gamma activities in the neighboring cortex where the meningioma existed. The histopathological diagnosis of AD was first made from the resected epileptogenic cortex. Conclusion: Even when there is a suspected epileptogenic lesion that could cause focal NCSE, AD should be ruled out in elderly patients with progressive cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Progressive Volume Atrophy in Hippocampal Subfields and the Correlation with Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixia Kang ◽  
Peiqi Luo ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Xuemei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective: To assess the progression of volume changes in hippocampus and its subfields of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to explore the association of the hippocampus and its subfields volumes with cognitive function.Methods: Five groups of participants including 35 normal controls (NC) persons, 30 MCI patients, 30 Mild AD patients, 30 Moderate AD patients and 8 Severe AD patients received structural MRI brain scans. Freesurfer6.0 was used for automatically segmentation of MRI, and the left and right hippocampus were respectively divided into 12 subfields. By statistical analysis, the volumes of hippocampus and its subfields were compared between the five groups, and the correlation of the volumes with Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) score was analyzed.Result & Conclusion: In the disease, each hippocampal subfield shows an uneven atrophy trajectory; The volumes of the subiculum and presubiculum are significantly different between Mild AD and MCI, which can contribute to the early diagnosis of AD; Parasubiculum is the least sensitive subfield for volume atrophy of AD, while subiculum, presubiculum, CA1, molecular_layer_HP and fimbria show much more significant volume changes. Meanwhile the volumes of these five subfields are positively correlated with MMSE, which may help in stage division of AD; Compared with the right hippocampus, the volume atrophy on the left side is more significantly, and the volumes are more significantly correlated with MMSE, So the left hippocampus and its subfields may provide a higher reference value for the clinical evaluation of AD than the right side.

scholarly journals Linking the association between circRNAs and Alzheimer’s disease progression by multi-tissue circular RNA characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJu Lo ◽  
Jamie Hill ◽  
Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson ◽  
Jørgen Kjems
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Progressive Course

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) has devastating consequences for patients during its slow, progressive course. It is important to understand the pathology of AD onset. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to participate in many human diseases including cancers and neurodegenerative conditions. In this study, we mined the published dataset on the AMP-AD Knowledge Portal from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) to describe the circRNA profiles at different AD stage in brain samples from four AD patients brain regions, anterior prefrontal cortex, superior temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We found in total 147 circRNAs to be differentially expressed (DE) during AD progression in the four regions. We also characterized the mRNA-circRNA co-expression network and annotated the potential function of circRNAs based on the co-expressed modules. Based on our results, we propose that parahippocampal gyrus is the most circRNA-regulated region during the AD progression. The strongest negatively AD stage-correlated module in parahippocampal gyrus were enriched in cognitive disability and pathological-associated pathways such as synapse organization and regulation of membrane potential. Finally, the regression model based on the expression pattern of DE circRNAs in the module could help to distinguish the disease severity of patients, further supported the importance of circRNAs in AD pathology. In conclusion, our finding indicates that circRNAs in parahippocampal gyrus are possible regulators of AD progression and potentially be a therapeutic target or of AD.

scholarly journals Novel Trends in Electrochemical Biosensors for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pavla Valkova ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
The Right

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the population over 65 years of age. It is becoming a global health and socioeconomic problem, and the current number of patients reaching 30–50 million people will be three times higher over the next thirty years. Objective. Late diagnosis caused by decades of the asymptomatic phase and invasive and cost-demanding diagnosis are problems that make the whole situation worse. Electrochemical biosensors could be the right tool for less invasive and inexpensive early diagnosis helping to reduce spend sources— both money and time. Method. This review is a survey of the latest advances in the design of electrochemical biosensors for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Biosensors are divided according to target biomarkers. Conclusion. Standard laboratory methodology could be improved by analyzing a combination of currently estimated markers along with neurotransmitters and genetic markers from blood samples, which make the test for AD diagnosis available to the wide public.

A Critical Proton MR Spectroscopy Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease Early Neurodegenerative Change: Low Hippocampal NAA/Cr Ratio Impacts APOE ε4 Mexico City Children and Their Parents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño ◽  
Gastón Melo-Sánchez ◽  
Joel Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Ricardo Torres-Jardón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
The Right

Severe air pollution exposures produce systemic, respiratory, myocardial, and brain inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks in clinically healthy children. We tested whether hippocampal metabolite ratios are associated with contrasting levels of air pollution, APOE, and body mass index (BMI) in paired healthy children and one parent sharing the same APOE alleles. We used 1H-MRS to interrogate bilateral hippocampal single-voxel in 57 children (12.45 ± 3.4 years) and their 48 parents (37.5 ± 6.78 years) from a low pollution city versus Mexico City (MC). NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr metabolite ratios were analyzed. The right hippocampus NAA/Cr ratio was significantly different between cohorts (p = 0.007). The NAA/Cr ratio in right hippocampus in controls versus APOE ε4 MC children and in left hippocampus in MC APOE ε4 parents versus their children was significantly different after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI (p = 0.027 and 0.01, respectively). The NAA/Cr ratio is considered reflective of neuronal density/functional integrity/loss of synapses/higher pTau burden, thus a significant decrease in hippocampal NAA/Cr ratios may constitute a spectral marker of early neurodegeneration in young urbanites. Decreases in NAA/Cr correlate well with cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, and dementia severity; thus, since the progression of AD starts decades before clinical diagnosis, our findings support the hypothesis that under chronic exposures to fine particulate matter and ozone above the standards, neurodegenerative processes start in childhood and APOE ε4 carriers are at higher risk. Gene and environmental factors are critical in the development of AD and the identification and neuroprotection of young urbanites at high risk must become a public health priority.

Does the Right Focal Variant of Alzheimer’s Disease Really Exist? A Literature Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Abbate ◽  
Pietro D. Trimarchi ◽  
Silvia Inglese ◽  
Sarah Damanti ◽  
Giulia A.M. Dolci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Right

IC-P-031: EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY WITHIN THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_1) ◽  
pp. P35-P36
Author(s):  
Cole John Cook ◽  
Gyujoon Hwang ◽  
Veena A. Nair ◽  
Andrew L. Alexander ◽  
Piero G. Antuono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode

scholarly journals Status epilepticus during correction of hyponatremia in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2091541
Author(s):  
Ken Ichioka ◽  
Nobuhiro Akuzawa ◽  
Akio Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Sharp Waves ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Impaired Awareness ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
The Right

An 83-year-old Japanese man with Alzheimer’s disease was admitted to our hospital for treatment of hyponatremia resulting from water intoxication. During hospitalization, the patient developed focal impaired awareness seizures, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, and subsequent status epilepticus. Electroencephalogram during focal impaired awareness seizures showed rhythmic 5–9 Hz theta activity in the right frontotemporal region. Electroencephalogram during focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures showed bilateral polyspikes. Electroencephalogram during an interseizure period revealed sharp waves in the right frontal region. Continuous intravenous administration of midazolam was the only effective treatment for status epilepticus. The patient died of aspiration pneumonia on day 58. Hyponatremia-associated status epilepticus is rare; in the present case, multifocal epileptogenicity resulting from Alzheimer’s disease and hyponatremia-associated elevation of glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft may have contributed to the onset of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures with subsequent status epilepticus.

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