scholarly journals Long and Midterm Effect of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Properties in Dry Areas of Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Laghrour ◽  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Rachid Mrabet ◽  
Rachid Dahan ◽  
Mohammed El-Mourid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Significant Difference

In Morocco, conservation agriculture, particularly no tillage systems, has become an alternative strategy to mitigate land degradation caused by conventional tillage in semiarid to arid regions. This paper is based on behaviour to tillage treatments of two Vertisols in Morocco. After 11 years of testing, soil organic matter content results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) only at soil surface (0–10 cm) in favour of no tillage and a variation of 30% at this depth. The results obtained after 32 years of testing showed a significant soil profile difference (P<0.05), up to 40 cm under no tillage compared to conventional tillage, and a variation of 54% at 5–10 cm. For total nitrogen, there was no significant effect between no tillage and conventional tillage at the soil surface after 11 years unlike the result obtained after 32 years. There are no significant differences in bulk density between tillage treatments at soil surface for both sites. The measurement of soil structural stability showed a significant effect (P<0.05) for all three tests and for both sites. This means that no tillage helped Vertisols to resist different climatic constraints, preserving environmental soil quality.

Sorption of clopyralid, dicamba and MCPA by two soils with conventional and no-till management

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shang ◽  
M. A. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
The Difference

Sorption is one of the key processes controlling the fate of agrochemicals in soil systems. The sorption of agrochemicals on a soil matrix can be affected by changes in chemical and physical properties caused by different tillage practices. Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and MCPA ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), weakly acidic herbicides, are commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in crop production. The sorption of the three herbicides by surface soils (0–5 cm) from different tillage systems was studied by batch equilibrium. Of the herbicides used, MCPA was sorbed on soil in the greatest quantity, dicamba was the least sorbed, and the sorption was dependent on the pKa values of herbicides. In a sandy loam soil, more herbicide was sorbed under no-tillage (NT) than conventional tillage (CT). However, in a clay soil the difference in herbicide sorption between the two tillage systems was not consistent. The results can be explained in terms of changes in soil pH and organic matter content. The presence of clopyralid and MCPA lowered the sorption of dicamba, and MCPA was more effective than clopyralid in competing for sorption sites with dicamba. Key words: Herbicide sorption, clopyralid, dicamba, MCPA, tillage

Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

Effects of Landscape Position, Rainfall, and Tillage on Residual Herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
Gerald Coen ◽  
Robert Dunn ◽  
Anne M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

The effect of soil properties and weather on herbicide persistence and injury to following crops were studied at a site near Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, with undulating topography that included no-tillage and conventional tillage systems on adjacent fields. Soil pH ranged from 5.2 (lower slope no-tillage) to 7.8 (upper slope conventional tillage) and soil organic matter content ranged from 2.3% (upper slope conventional tillage) to 4.4% (lower slope no-tillage). During the years when the experiments were conducted rainfall ranged from < 50% of normal to > 150% of normal. During dry years atrazine and metsulfuron severely injured wheat and lentil crops, seeded 1 yr after herbicide application, on upper slope locations. The most severe injury occurred on the upper slope conventional tillage location. In years with high rainfall, no crop injury occurred 1 yr after atrazine and metsulfuron application on either upper or lower slope locations in both tillage systems. Imazamox plus imazethapyr caused almost 100% injury in the lower slope position in the no-tillage system (pH 5.2) in the driest year. Following-crop injury due to the imidazolinone herbicides decreased with increasing rainfall and increasing soil pH. The most severe injury to following crops seemed to occur when herbicide dissipation was dependent on microbial activity and rainfall was below normal.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DITHIOPYR, SEED PLACEMENT. AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT ON GROWTH OF TOLERANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE WEEDS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 587f-587
Author(s):  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Leslie A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Loam Soil

Dithiopyr (Dimension, Monsanto) is a turfgrass herbicide currently under evaluation for use in ornamentals. Granular herbicide depth and seed placement were evaluated in greenhouse studies with tolerant or susceptible weeds. Dithiopyr was applied preemergence to weeds at the rate of 2.24 kg/ha to Maury silt loam soil. Weed seeds were planted routinely at 0.64 cm depth. Dithiopyr placed at the soil surface or 0.64 cm in depth caused the greatest injury to seedlings, followed by dithiopyr at 1.28 cm depth. Dithiopyr at 2.54 and 3.81 cm below the surface had no effect upon seedling growth. When seeding depth was investigated, seed placed at 0.64, 1.28 or 1.91 cm below the surface showed greatest seedling injury when dithiopyr was routinely applied at 0.64 cm depth. Seed placement on the soil surface resulted in the least injury to weeds. Peat moss was added to Maury silt loam soil and to sand to investigate the influence of organic matter upon activity. Soil with 2% peat resulted in the least injury to selected weed seedlings while sand, and sand plus up to 3% peat showed greatest injury. Sand amended with 5 and 6% peat also resulted in less injury to weed seedlings. Ivy leaf morningglory and KY 31 fescue were most tolerant of dithiopyr while barnyardgrass and large crabgrass were most sensitive. Dithiopyr uptake, translocation and metabolism studies will be conducted with susceptible and tolerant weed and woody ornamental species.

scholarly journals A Multivariate Approach to Evaluate Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crop Sustainability

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Felice Sartori ◽  
Ilaria Piccoli ◽  
Riccardo Polese ◽  
Antonio Berti
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Crop Sustainability

The evaluation of the effects of conservation agriculture during the transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage requires numerous indicators to be considered. For this purpose, we monitored changes in a multi-parameter dataset during a three-year experiment that combined three tillage intensities (conventional tillage—CT; minimum tillage—MT; and no tillage—NT) with three soil covering managements (tillage radish cover crop, winter wheat cover crop and bare soil). Using a multivariate analysis, we developed a Relative Sustainability Index (RSI) based on 11 physical (e.g., bulk density and penetration resistance), chemical (e.g., soil organic carbon and pH) and biological soil properties (e.g., earthworm density) to evaluate cropping systems sustainability. The RSI was most affected by tillage intensity showing higher RSI values (i.e., better performances) in reduced tillage systems. Specifically, the RSI under NT was 42% greater than that of CT and 13% greater than that of MT. Soil covering had little impact on the RSI. Among the tested parameters, the RSI was increased most by saturated hydraulic conductivity (+193%) and earthworm density (+339%) across CT and NT treatments.to. Our results suggest that conservation agriculture and, particularly, reduced tillage systems, have the potential to increase farm environmental and agronomic sustainability.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kandungan Bahan Organik Tanah dengan Periode Pasca Tebang Tanaman HTI Acacia Mangium Willd.

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
. Sabaruddin ◽  
Siti Nurul Aidil Fitri ◽  
Lesi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Post Harvest

Timber harvesting may have significant effects on soil organic matter content through mechanical disturbance, inputs of logging slash, alterations in litter production, and leaching of dissolved organic matter, as well as the alteration of temperature and moisture regimes. To investigate the effect of post-harvest period of tree harvesting on the dynamics of soil organic matter content, surface soils (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) were collected from intact Acacia mangium Willd. plantation (control) and from A. mangiumWilld. harvested in 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2006 in four replicates. Each replicate consisted of composited 4 subsamples. Timber harvesting reduced litter accumulation on soil surface. However, the amount of litter accumulated on soil surface increased as post-harvest period increased. Timber harvesting significantly (p<0.001) affected soil organic matter content both in 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. The increases in soil organic matter content were significantly correlated (r=0.85; p<0.001 in 0 to10 cm and r=0.62; p<0.01 in 10 to 20 cm) with post harvest period.

Effects of Tillage on the Efficacy and Persistence of Clomazone in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted in 1985 to 1987 to evaluate the effects of conventional and no-tillage systems on the weed control provided by clomazone applied preemergence in soybeans. The persistence of clomazone in soil of the two tillage systems was also determined. Increasing the clomazone rate from 0.8 to 1.4 kg/ha did not increase weed control. Clomazone controlled 80% or more of jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. Common cocklebur control ranged from about 50 to 70% in no-till and from 80 to 90% in conventional tillage. Generally, soybean pods/plant and yields were lower from clomazone treatments than from handweeded treatments due to inadequate common cocklebur control. Over 40% of the clomazone applied did not reach the soil surface; it was either intercepted by wheat straw, volatilized, or both. Clomazone persisted longer in conventional tillage than in no-tillage in. However, in 1986, clomazone was equally persistent in the two tillage systems. The half-life of clomazone was 34 and 6 days in 1985 in conventional and no-tillage, respectively, and in 1986, 18 and 16 days in conventional and no-tillage, respectively. Significant clomazone concentrations were not found below 10 cm in the soil profile. Corn planted without tillage (no-till) approximately 1 yr after clomazone application was not injured and yields were not reduced due to prior clomazone use.

scholarly journals LAJU INFILTRASI PADA BERBAGAI NAUNGAN DI KEBUN KOPI RAKYAT SUMBERMANJING WETAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Adinda Ardana Reswari ◽  
Sugeng Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horton Model

Climate change in coffee cultivation is very influential and can disrupt the hydrological cycle, so shade planting is required. Planting vegetation on coffee fields can affect the infiltration rate. The infiltration rate is the amount of water per unit time that enters the soil surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the infiltration rate with various shading, namely mixed shade (sengon, teak, pepper, and coconut), sengon shade, and monoculture coffee land and to determine the relationship between soil physical properties and infiltration rate on people's land. The measurement of the infiltration rate was done with a double ring infiltrometer and the Horton model. Infiltration rate can be influenced by a variety of soil properties such as bulk density, soil pore distribution, soil aggregate stability, soil texture, soil organic matter content, and land use. The analysis used correlation, linear regression, multiple linear regression, and t-test. Differences in shade and soil properties affect the infiltration rate, especially micropores and soil porosity. Soil with a lot of micro-pore soil, low porosity and clay texture has a slow infiltration rate. The results of the t-test between the actual infiltration rate and the infiltration rate of the Horton model showed no significant difference; therefore, the Horton method approach can be used in estimating the actual infiltration rate in coffee fields.

Effect of Soil Organic Matter Content and Volumetric Water Content on ‘Tifway 419’ Hybrid Bermudagrass Growth Following Indaziflam Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Jeffries ◽  
Travis W. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Application Timing

Indaziflam is a cellulose biosynthesis–inhibiting herbicide for PRE annual weed control in turfgrass systems. Since indaziflam's 2010 U.S. registration, sporadic cases of hybrid bermudagrass injury have been reported; however, causes are not well understood. Field research was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on sandy soil to elucidate the effects of soil organic matter content (SOMC) and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) on plant growth following indaziflam application on established or root-compromised (5 cm long) hybrid bermudagrass. The effect of SOMC was evaluated at two levels, 1.4 (low) and 5.5% (high) w/w at the soil surface (0 to 2.5 cm depth), whereas SVWC was evaluated PRE (2 wk before) and POST (6 wk after) indaziflam application at two levels (low or high). Indaziflam was applied (50 or 100 g ai ha−1) at fall-only, fall-plus-spring, and spring-only timings. Regardless of application timing or SVWC, indaziflam applied at 50 g ha−1 to high SOMC did not cause > 10% visual cover reduction on established or root-compromised hybrid bermudagrass. Indaziflam applied to hybrid bermudagrass on low SOMC exacerbated adverse growth effects, most notably when root systems were compromised before application. Overall, PRE indaziflam application SVWC did not affect hybrid bermudagrass growth. Within low SOMC, low POST indaziflam application SVWC caused less visual hybrid bermudagrass cover reduction than did high POST indaziflam application SVWC, whereas both fall-plus-spring and spring-only application timings caused similarly greater reductions than fall-only indaziflam application. Data from this research will aid turfgrass managers to effectively use indaziflam without adversely affecting hybrid bermudagrass growth.

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