scholarly journals Energy Conservation Analysis and Control of Hybrid Active Semiactive Suspension with Three Regulating Damping Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Dehua Shi ◽  
Ruochen Wang ◽  
Huawei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mode Decision ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Suspension Control ◽  
Lqr Controller ◽  
Semiactive Suspension

Active suspension has not been popularized for high energy consumption. To address this issue, this paper introduces the concept of a new kind of suspension. The linear motor is considered to be integrated into an adjustable shock absorber to form the hybrid active semiactive suspension (HASAS). To realize the superiority of HASAS, its energy consumption and regeneration mechanisms are revealed. And the system controller which is composed of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller, mode decision and switch controller, and the sliding mode control based thrust controller is developed. LQR controller is designed to maintain the suspension control objectives, while mode decision and switch controller decides the optimal damping level to tune motor thrust. The thrust controller ensures motor thrust tracking. An adjustable shock absorber with three regulating levels to be used in HASAS is trial produced and tested to obtain its working characteristics. Finally, simulation analysis is made with the experimental three damping characteristics. The impacts of adjustable damping on the motor force and energy consumption are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of HASAS in energy conservation with various suspension control objectives. Even self-powered active control and energy regenerated to the power source can be realized.

Robust stabilization control of a spatial inverted pendulum using integral sliding mode controller

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Chawla ◽  
Vikram Chopra ◽  
Ashish Singla
Keyword(s):  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Robust Stabilization ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Integral Sliding Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lqr Controller

AbstractFrom the last few decades, inverted pendulums have become a benchmark problem in dynamics and control theory. Due to their inherit nature of nonlinearity, instability and underactuation, these are widely used to verify and implement emerging control techniques. Moreover, the dynamics of inverted pendulum systems resemble many real-world systems such as segways, humanoid robots etc. In the literature, a wide range of controllers had been tested on this problem, out of which, the most robust being the sliding mode controller while the most optimal being the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller. The former has a problem of non-robust reachability phase while the later lacks the property of robustness. To address these issues in both the controllers, this paper presents the novel implementation of integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) for stabilization of a spatial inverted pendulum (SIP), also known as an x-y-z inverted pendulum. The structure has three control inputs and five controlled outputs. Mathematical modeling of the system is done using Euler Lagrange approach. ISMC has an advantage of eliminating non-robust reachability phase along with enhancing the robustness of the nominal controller (LQR Controller). To validate the robustness of ISMC to matched uncertainties, an input disturbance is added to the nonlinear model of the system. Simulation results on two different case studies demonstrate that the proposed controller is more robust as compared to conventional LQR controller. Furthermore, the problem of chattering in the controller is dealt by smoothening the controller inputs to the system with insignificant loss in robustness.

Real-Time Control of a Rotary Inverted Pendulum using Robust LQR-based ANFIS Controller

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Chawla ◽  
Ashish Singla
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lqr Controller ◽  
Rotary Inverted Pendulum

AbstractFrom the last five decades, inverted pendulum (IP) has been considered as a benchmark problem in the control literature due to its inherit nature of instability, non-linearity and underactuation. Its applicability in wide range of practical systems, demands the need of a robust controller. It is found in the literature that wide range of controllers had been tested on this problem, out of which the most robust being sliding mode controller while the most optimal being linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller. The former has a problem of discontinuity and chattering, while the latter lacks the property of robustness. To address the robustness issue in LQR controller, this paper proposes a novel robust LQR-based adaptive neural based fuzzy inference system controller, which is a hybrid of LQR and fuzzy inference system. The proposed controller is designed and implemented on rotary inverted pendulum. Further, to validate the robustness of proposed controller to parametric uncertainties, pendulum mass is varied. Simulation and experimental results show that as compared to LQR controller, the proposed controller is robust to variations in pendulum mass and has shown satisfactory performance.

scholarly journals Application and Evaluation of Energy Conservation Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongteng Sun ◽  
Ming Lu ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Zuguo Chen ◽  
Hao Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Conservation Technologies

High energy consumption is an important issue affecting the operation and development of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper seeks energy-saving opportunities from three aspects: energy application, process optimization, and performance evaluation. Moreover, effective energy-saving can be achieved from the perspective of energy supply and recovery by using green energy technologies, including wastewater and sludge energy recovery technologies. System optimization and control is used to reduce unnecessary energy consumption in operation. Reasonable indexes and methods can help researchers evaluate the application value of energy-saving technology. Some demonstration WWTPs even can achieve energy self-sufficiency by using these energy conservation technologies. Besides, this paper introduces the challenges faced by the wastewater treatment industry and some emerging energy-saving technologies. The work can give engineers some suggestions about reducing energy consumption from comprehensive perspectives.

scholarly journals Estimation and Analysis of Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction Effects of Warm-Mix Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalts during Construction Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Zhou Wang ◽  
Zhan-Di Chen ◽  
Kuo-Ping Lin ◽  
Ching-Hsin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Production Stages

In order to solve the serious environmental problems caused by the rapid increase in the number of waste tires and unproper storage of waste tires, modifying the asphalt mix for roadway pavement by adding rubber crumb from recycled waste tires is one of the highly effective approach to solve the problem and can achieve the sustainable use of rubber resources. The application of warm-mix crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRMA) overcomes some issues of the hot-mix CRMA, such as high temperature and high energy consumption. However, there is a lack of estimation methodology for the energy conservation and emission reduction during the production process of warm-mix CRMA. This study develops the estimation models for the evaluation of energy conservation and emissions reduction during different production stages of waste rubber powder, asphalt, CRMA, hot-mix CRMA, and warm-mix CRMA. A list for gas emissions during the mixing and paving process of CRMA mixtures was established through the simulated mixing measurement and paving site measurement. The results show that for each metric ton of CRMA mixture produced, warm mixing can reduce energy consumption by 18~36% and decrease gas emissions during different stages by 15~87% compared to hot mixing. The Evotherm warm-mix CRMA mixture with DAT as warm mix agent (Ev-DAT warm-mix CRMA mixture) is more energy-efficient by saving approximately 108.56 MJ of energy and reducing gas emissions during mixing and paving by at least 32% and 73%, respectively. This model can improves the technical standard of warm-mix CRMA and the energy conservation assessment.

scholarly journals A Novel Reconstruction Approach to Elevator Energy Conservation Based on a DC Micro-Grid in High-Rise Buildings

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Zhang ◽  
Zhe Yan ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
Jiawei Yao ◽  
Bao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Save Energy

Elevators were reported to cause an important part of building energy consumption. In general, each elevator has two operation states: The load state and power regeneration state. During operation, it has the potential to save energy by using regeneration power efficiently. In existing research, a set of energy storage devices are installed for every elevator, which is highly costly. In this paper, an energy conservation approach for elevators based on a direct current (DC) micro-grid is proposed, which has better economy. Then, an innovative energy-efficient device for the elevator group is designed based on a supercapacitor with similar characteristics and lifetimes. In a high-rise building case study, the experimental test and field data collection show that the innovative approach could result in a high energy efficiency within 15.87–23.1% and 24.1–54.5%, respectively. It is expected that the proposed method and designed device could be employed practically, saving energy consumption for elevator reconstruction.

Numerical and Experimental Analyses of a Variable Buoyancy System for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
B K Tiwari ◽  
R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Depth Control ◽  
Lqr Controller

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are widely used for marine survey, in both the coastal and deep sea areas and they are applicable to both civil and defense applications. They are pre-programmed and can operate without human intervention and this makes them attractive to many marine industries. A concern with AUVs is the high energy consumption required by their thrusters for depth control, buoyancy change and manoeuvrability and that adversely affects their performance and endurance. This paper presents the design and development of novel stand-alone variable buoyancy system for AUVs and investigates its performance through numerical and experimental investigations. The design idea is based upon the Pump Driven Variable Buoyancy System (PDVBS) and uses a hydraulic based method to control the buoyancy. The VBS is integrated into a medium sized AUV of 3 m length and the performance of the vehicle in vertical plane is investigated. The results are presented for a buoyancy change requirement of 5 kg and a diaphragm type positive displacement pump, with a buoyancy change rate of 5 kg/min, is utilized. Depth control performance of the AUV and its hovering capabilities, at a desired depth of 60 m using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller, are analysed in detail. Finally, the results indicate that the designed and developed VBS is effective in changing the buoyancy and controlling the heave velocity. These two features are expected to provide higher endurance and better performance in AUVs involved in rescue/attack operations.

Studies on Ecological Design Strategies of Greening of Building External Wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Hao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Building Energy Conservation

Building energy conservation has become the worldwide tendency since the mid-1970s. The Theory of Sustainable Development raised in 1990s as well as the deterioration of ecological environment made the building energy conservation became the international focus all over the world. China is a country with high energy consumption and large population and the percentage of its building energy consumption has reached about 25% on total energy consumption. The energy conservation condition of building external wall is one of the direct influencing factors of thermal comfort of indoor environment. However, greening is a kind of natural sunshade of the nature. The key to the study is how to improve the temperature of building walls and thermal comfort of indoor environment by the way of greening sunshade of external walls.

Consideration on Issues about Study of Building Energy Conservation

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1348-1352
Author(s):  
Wei Hua Zhang ◽  
Jia Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Building Energy Conservation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Energy Consumption

The study and design of energy conservation has gradually become a hot and key issue in architecture. One of the core contents of such concepts as green architecture, ecological architecture, sustainable architecture, organic architecture is how to reduce high energy consumption of buildings. The study of building energy conservation has been carried out in subjects of architectural thermal engineering and energy conservation for almost 30 years. The central and local governments have set up special management agencies and departments of building energy conservation; building research institutes at all levels and numerous universities have set up research institutions for study of building energy conservation and issued a series of policies and regulations and technical standards, which received an enthusiastic response from industrial circles and have produced tens of billions of production. However, more than 95% of the existing buildings and more than 80% of new buildings of China belong to those with high energy consumption. The paper tries to interpret the deep reason of the phenomenon from the aspects of society, technology, etc. for discussion of researchers in the field of architectural thermal engineering and energy conservation.

A novel adaptive-rear axles steering controller for an 8 × 8 combat vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110099
Author(s):  
Moataz Ahmed ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Haoxiang Lang
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Combat Vehicle ◽  
Lqr Controller ◽  
Stability Enhancement ◽  
Gain Scheduled

Multi-axle vehicles are widely used in several applications such as transportation, industrial, and military field, because of its higher reliability in comparison with conventional two axles vehicles. Despite that, there is a paucity of research studies that consider lateral stability enhancement of these vehicles, especially on rough terrain. This simulation-based research study fills this gap and introduces a new adaptive Active Rear Steering (ARS) controller that improves the lateral stability of an 8x8 combat vehicle for rough-terrain operation. The developed controller is designed utilizing the Integral Sliding Mode Control theory (ISMC) based on Gain-Scheduled Linear Quadratic Regulator (GSLQR). Besides, the GSLQR control gains are optimized by a Genetic Algorithm (GA) toolbox using a new synthesized cost function to ensure asymptotic stability. Furthermore, a new Adaptive-ISMC (AISMC) is introduced by using genetic programming to generate control equations that can replace the developed high-dimension GSLQR gains and facilitate future hardware implementation. The developed controller is evaluated by performing a series of simulation-based Double Lane Change (DLC) maneuvers on several rough terrains. The evaluation is conducted for both high friction and slippery surfaces at high and moderate speed, consequently. The results show high fidelity and robustness of the developed controller in comparison with a previously designed optimal LQR controller.

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