scholarly journals Integrated Resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar Observations of Underground Seepage of Hot Water at Blawan-Ijen Geothermal Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukir Maryanto ◽  
Ika Karlina Laila Nur Suciningtyas ◽  
Cinantya Nirmala Dewi ◽  
Arief Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Reliable Methods

Geothermal resource investigation was accomplished for Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. Blawan geothermal field which located in the northern part of Ijen caldera presents hydrothermal activity related with Pedati fault and local graben. There were about 21 hot springs manifestations in Blawan-Ijen area with calculated temperature about 50°C. We have performed several geophysical studies of underground seepage of hot water characterization. The geoelectric resistivity and GPR methods are used in this research because both of them are very sensitive to detect the presence of hot water. These preliminary studies have established reliable methods for hydrothermal survey that can accurately investigate the underground seepage of hot water with shallow depth resolution. We have successfully identified that the underground seepage of hot water in Blawan geothermal field is following the fault direction and river flow which is evidenced by some hot spring along the Banyu Pahit river with resistivity value less than 40 Ωm and medium conductivity.

scholarly journals Natural State Modeling of Singapore Geothermal Reservoir

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Hendrik Tjiawi ◽  
Andrew C. Palmer ◽  
Grahame J. H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Engineered Geothermal System

 The existence of hot springs coupled with the apparent anomalous high heat flow has sparked interest in the potential for geothermal development in Singapore. This geothermal resource may be potentially significant and could be exploited through Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) technology, i.e. a method to create artificial permeability at depth in granitic or sandstone formations as found under Singapore. The apparently ever-increasing fossil fuel price has made the cost of using the EGS technology more viable than it was in the past. Thus, to assess the resource, a numerical model for the geothermal reservoir has been constructed. Mass and heat flows in the system are simulated in 2D with AUTOUGH2.2, and the graphical interface processed through MULGRAPH2.2. Natural state calibration was performed to match both the observed and the expected groundwater profile, and also to match the hot water upflow at the Sembawang hot spring, with simulated flowrate matching the hot spring natural flowrate. The simulation gives an encouraging result of 125 - 150 °C hot water at depth 1.25 – 2.75 km.

scholarly journals The conceptual model of Wae Sano Geothermal field based on geology and geochemistry data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Fajar Rizki Widiatmoko ◽  
Mochammad Nur Hadi ◽  
Dedi Kusnadi ◽  
Sachrul Iswahyudi ◽  
Fadlin Fadlin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Water Type ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rock Alteration

Wae Sano volcano is included in the inner Banda arc, Mount Wae Sano is a type C volcano and formed the Sano Nggoang crater lake. The magmatism activity produces geothermal manifestations such as; hot spring, rock alteration, and sulfur deposits, the hottest water temperature is 81 0C, with neutral pH, but the Sano Nggoang Lake water has acid pH. It becomes interesting to examine the characteristics of the geothermal system in that area. The research was conducted by Volcanostratigraphic studies to reconstruct the geological process and Geochemical sampling of hot springs, lake water, ground air, and the soil side to understand the subsurface characterization. The result showing some period of volcano products, with the youngest come from the product of Sano Nggoang 2 that spills its product to on the north-east side of Poco Dedeng volcano. The geochemical analysis shows all manifestations originate from one reservoir, chloride water type, NaCl type of the lake water with a few SO4 influence, presumably, the hot springs supply is influenced by seawater, the estimation of the reservoir has a temperature about ± 230 0C, with dacite and the rich organic sedimentary rock, and located at ± 1456 m from the manifestation, the isothermal section shows the rate of temperature increase at 97.07 m / 10 0C. The hypothetical resource is counted about 1,488.6 kWe.

scholarly journals Geothermal Systems Characteristics in Pesanggrahan Area, Bawang Distric, Batang Regency, Based on Geology and Geochemistry Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 14002
Author(s):  
Rakhmadi Sulistyanto ◽  
Udi Harmoko ◽  
Gatot Yuliyanto
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Chloride Water

Research conducted at Pesanggrahan area, Sangubanyu Village, Bawang District, Batang Regency with geographical coordinates at 7°5'00 "00 S - 7°7'30" 00 S, and 109 ° 56'00 "E-109°58'30"E, with an area of around 25 Km². Research methods used quantitative and qualitative methods with descriptive analysis, geological and geochemical analysis. Geochemical fluid samples were taken in manifestations hot springs Pesanggrahan and hot water samples in Sibanteng and Sileri Crater to determine the relationship with geothermal systems in this area. Geomorphology divided into two geomorphology units, they are steep slope and sloping hill. Stratigraphy can be divided into three lithologies, which are andesite breccia, tuff breccia, and tuff sandstone. Based on fluid geochemical characteristics of manifestations, it can be interpreted that hot spring of Pesanggrahan area is outflow zone with bicarbonate-chloride water type, Sibanteng Crater and Sileri Crater, include upflow zone with water type sulfate for Sibanteng Crater, bicarbonate-sulfide water type for Sileri Crater. Environmental source geothermal fluid Pesanggrahan from the magmatic volcanic process. Sources geothermal fluid in Pesanggrahan, Sibanteng and Sileri Crater from meteoric water. Estimated temperature Pesanggrahan in the interval 50-100°C, Sileri Craters 160-180°C, and Sibanteng Craters 140-150°C. The Conceptual model of Pesanggrahan includes a geothermal system that associated with volcanic system and high relief liquid dominated system.

scholarly journals Origin of the low-medium temperature hot springs around Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 820-834
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Zhifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Karst Landforms ◽  
Development And Management

Abstract The exploration of the origin of hot spring is the basis of its development and utilization. There are many low-medium temperature hot springs in Nanjing and its surrounding karst landform areas, such as the Tangshan, Tangquan, Lunshan, and Xiangquan hot springs. This article discusses the origin characters of the Lunshan hot spring with geological condition analysis, hydrogeochemical data, and isotope data. The results show that the hot water is SO4–Ca type in Lunshan area, and the cation content of SO4 is high, which are related to the deep hydrogeological conditions of the circulation in the limestone. Carbonate and anhydrite dissolutions occur in the groundwater circulation process, and they also dominate the water–rock interaction processes in the geothermal reservoir of Lunshan. The hot water rising channels are deeply affected by the NW and SN faults. Schematic diagrams of the conceptual model of the geothermal water circulation in Lunshan are plotted. The origin of Tangshan, Tangquan, and Xiangquan hot springs are similar to the Lunshan hot spring. In general, the geothermal water in karst landforms around Nanjing mainly runs through the carbonate rock area and is exposed near the core of the anticlinal structure of karst strata, forming SO4–Ca/SO4–Ca–Mg type hot spring with the water temperature less than 60°C. The characters of the hot springs around Nanjing are similar, which are helpful for the further research, development, and management of the geothermal water resources in this region.

scholarly journals Geochemical Modeling of Scale Formation due to Cooling and CO2-degassing in San Kamphaeng Geothermal Field, Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthipong Taweelarp ◽  
Supanut Suntikoon ◽  
Thaned Rojsiraphisal ◽  
Nattapol Ploymaklam ◽  
Schradh Saenton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Scaling Potential ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Scaling in a geothermal piping system can cause serious problems by reducing flow rates and energy efficiency. In this work, scaling potential of San Kamphaeng (SK) geothermal energy, Northern Thailand was assessed based on geochemical model simulation using physical and chemical properties of hot spring water. Water samples from surface seepage and groundwater wells, analyzed by ICP-OES and ion chromatograph methods for chemical constituents, were dominated by Ca-HCO3 facies having partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 10–2.67 to 10–1.75 atm which is higher than ambient atmospheric CO2 content. Surface seepage samples have lower temperature (60.9°C) than deep groundwater (83.1°C) and reservoir (127.1°C, based on silica geothermometry). Geochemical characteristics of the hot spring water indicated significant difference in chemical properties between surface seepage and deep, hot groundwater as a result of mineral precipitation along the flow paths and inside well casing. Scales were mainly composed of carbonates, silica, Fe-Mn oxides. Geochemical simulations based on multiple chemical reaction equilibria in PHREEQC were performed to confirm scale formation from cooling and CO2-degassing processes. Simulation results showed total cumulative scaling potential (maximum possible precipitation) from 267-m deep well was estimated as 582.2 mg/L, but only 50.4% of scaling potential actually took place at SK hot springs. In addition, maximum possible carbon dioxide outflux to atmosphere from degassing process in SK geothermal field, estimated from the degassing process, was 6,960 ton/year indicating a continuous source of greenhouse gas that may contribute to climate change. Keywords: Degassing, Geochemical modeling, PHREEQC, San Kamphaeng Hot Springs, Scaling

scholarly journals Geochemical response of deep geothermal processes in the Litang region, Western Sichuan

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-645
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Linxiao Xing ◽  
Tingxin Li ◽  
Jiayi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Positive Correlations

The geochemical characteristics of geothermically heated water can reveal deep geothermal processes, leading to a better understanding of geothermal system genesis and providing guidance for improved development and utilization of such resources. Hydrochemical and hydrogen oxygen isotope analysis of two geothermal field (district) hot springs based on regional geothermal conditions revealed that the thermal water in the Litang region is primarily of the HCO3Na type. The positive correlations found between F−, Li2+, As+, and Cl− indicated a common origin, and the relatively high Na+ and metaboric acid concentrations suggested a relatively long groundwater recharge time and a slow flow rate. The values of δD and δ18O were well distributed along the local meteoric line, indicating a groundwater recharge essentially driven by precipitation. The thermal reservoir temperature (152°C–195°C) and thermal cycle depth (3156–4070 m) were calculated, and the cold water mixing ratio (60%–68%) was obtained using the silica-enthalpy model. Finally, hydrogeochemical pathway simulation was used to analyze the evolution of geothermal water in the region. The results were further supported by the high metasilicate content in the region. Of the geothermal fields in the region, it was found that the Kahui is primarily affected by albite, calcite precipitation, and silicate, while the Gezha field is primarily affected by calcite dissolution, dolomite precipitation, and silicate.

RESISTIVITY, SELF‐POTENTIAL, AND INDUCED‐POLARIZATION SURVEYS OF A VAPOR‐DOMINATED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. R. Zohdy ◽  
L. A. Anderson ◽  
L. J. P. Muffler
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Self Potential

The Mud Volcano area in Yellowstone National Park provides an example of a vapor‐dominated geothermal system. A test well drilled to a depth of about 347 ft penetrated the vapor‐dominated reservoir at a depth of less than 300 ft. Subsequently, 16 vertical electrical soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger type were made along a 3.7‐mile traverse to evaluate the electrical resistivity distribution within this geothermal field. Interpretation of the VES curves by computer modeling indicates that the vapor‐dominated layer has a resistivity of about 75–130 ohm‐m and that its lateral extent is about 1 mile. It is characteristically overlain by a low‐resistivity layer of about 2–6.5 ohm‐m, and it is laterally confined by a layer of about 30 ohm‐m. This 30‐ohm‐m layer, which probably represents hot water circulating in low‐porosity rocks, also underlies most of the survey at an average depth of about 1000 ft. Horizontal resistivity profiles, measured with two electrode spacings of an AMN array, qualitatively corroborate the sounding interpretation. The profiling data delineate the southeast boundary of the geothermal field as a distinct transition from low to high apparent resistivities. The northwest boundary is less distinctly defined because of the presence of thick lake deposits of low resistivities. A broad positive self‐potential anomaly is observed over the geothermal field, and it is interpretable in terms of the circulation of the thermal waters. Induced‐polarization anomalies were obtained at the northwest boundary and near the southeast boundary of the vapor‐dominated field. These anomalies probably are caused by relatively high concentrations of pyrite.

scholarly journals Geochemical Characterization of Nyamyumba Hot Spring, Northwest Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Hategekimana ◽  
Theophile Mugerwa ◽  
Cedrick Nsengiyumva ◽  
Digne Rwabuhungu ◽  
Juliet Confiance Kabatesi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
East African Rift System ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Lake Kivu

Abstract Hot spring is a hot water that is naturally occurring on the surface from the underground and typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity and local underground geothermal gradient. There are four main hot springs in Rwanda such as: Kalisimbi, Bugarama, Kinigi and Nyamyumba former name Gisenyi hot springs. This research focused on the geochemical analysis of Nyamyumba hot springs located near the fresh water of Lake Kivu. Nyamyumba hot springs are located in the western branch of the East African Rift System and they are located near Virunga volcanic complex, explaining the rising and heating of water. The concentrations of Sulfate, Iron, Ammonia, Alkalinity, Silica, Phosphate, Salinity, Alkalinity, and Conductivity using standard procedures were measured. The results showed that hot spring water has higher concentrations of chemicals compared to Lake Kivu water and the geochemistry of these hot springs maybe associated with rock dissolution by hot water. The measured parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for recreational waters and it has been identified that Nyamyumba hot spring are safe to use in therapeutic activities (Swimming).

scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF ALTERATION MINERALS AROUND THE OMA-HARUKU HOT SPRINGS, CENTRAL OF MOLUCCAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 090-096
Author(s):  
Helda Andayany ◽  
Josephus Ronny Kelibulin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Spring Area ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
Xrd Method

Petrographic analysis to rock samples located at Oma-Haruku hot springs was dominated by mudstone. Another alteration mineral types of the rocks in this area are quartz, aragonite/calcite and feldspar minerals. Petrographic analysis was supported by the XRD method. The method indicated that the alteration minerals content was generally dominated by the presence of aragonite/calcite with particle size of 0.05 - 2 mm, the abundance of 55% and the spread evenly. Based on such presence of aragonite/calcite, one can interpret that the origin rock was carbonate. Alteration minerals which were generally dominated by mudstone indicate that the type of hot spring area in Oma-Haruku is a type of high-temperature reservoir, namely > 175 oC. Therefore, the area is  potentially as geothermal field in Central of Moluccas.

scholarly journals Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Almirudis ◽  
Edgar R. Santoyo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirna Guevara ◽  
Francisco Paz-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Mean

A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

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