scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Njelekela ◽  
Alfa Muhihi ◽  
Akum Aveika ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
Claudia Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background. Elevated blood pressure has been reported among treatment naïve HIV-infected patients. We investigated prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a HAART naïve HIV-infected population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among HAART naïve HIV-infected patients. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m2and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. We used relative risks to examine factors associated with hypertension.Results. Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 12.5%. After adjusting for possible confounders, risk of hypertension was 10% more in male than female patients. Patients aged ≥50 years had more than 2-fold increased risk for hypertension compared to 30–39-years-old patients. Overweight and obesity were associated with 51% and 94% increased risk for hypertension compared to normal weight patients. Low CD4+ T-cell count, advanced WHO clinical disease stage, and history of TB were associated with 10%, 42%, and 14% decreased risk for hypertension.Conclusions. Older age, male gender, and overweight/obesity were associated with hypertension. Immune suppression and history of TB were associated with lower risk for hypertension. HIV treatment programs should screen and manage hypertension even in HAART naïve individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Saharawi Refugees (P10-071-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Victoria Telle Hjellset ◽  
Marte Karoline Raberg Kjollesdal ◽  
Merethe Flaaten ◽  
Eivind Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives Economic development, globalization and urbanization has resulted in a shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure in low- and middle-income countries, called the Nutrition Transition. At the same time, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide. The Saharawi refugees have been living in refugee camps in the Algerian desert since 1975 and are totally dependent on food aid. High prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported among Saharawi women. Limited knowledge about the prevalence of T2D and associated risk factors exists in this population; therefore, the aim with this study was to address this gap in the literature. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Saharawi refugee camps, in Algeria and 180 women and 175 men were randomly selected. Participants’ blood glucose levels was assessed by HbA1c measurements and diagnosed with diabetes if HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol and prediabetes if HbA1c was between 42–47 mmol/mol. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) was used to assess various risk factors for T2D. Results Mean HbA1c among the Saharawi refugees was 38 mmol/mol. Seven and 15% were diagnosed with T2D and prediabetes, respectively, and 26% and 19% were overweight and obese, respectively. According to FINDRISK, 9% of the participants had high risk of developing diabetes, 10% had moderate risk, 37% had some risk and 44% had low risk. In multiple logistic regression models, after controlling for age, gender, number of children, BMI and education, the strongest predictor for diabetes was waist circumference, OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1). The strongest predictor for prediabetes was age and waist circumference OR (95% CI): 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) and OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1), respectively. Conclusions We found moderate prevalence of diabetes among the Saharawi refugees; however a high proportion had prediabetes and were suffering from overweight and obesity. In light of this, the rates of T2D are likely to increase dramatically in the near future. The Saharawi health authorities should pay attention to the increased risk of diabetes in this in this vulnerable population. Funding Sources Oslo Metropolitan University.

scholarly journals Risk of Pharmacological or Hospital Treatment for Depression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer–Associations with Pre-Cancer Lifestyle, Comorbidity and Clinical Factors

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Trille Kristina Kjaer ◽  
Ida Rask Moustsen-Helms ◽  
Vanna Albieri ◽  
Signe Benzon Larsen ◽  
Thea Helene Degett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

We investigated the risk of depression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and associated risk factors. The 1324 patients with CRC and 6620 matched cancer-free participants from the Diet, Cancer and Health study were followed for up to 16 years for either a first hospitalization for depression or antidepressant prescription after diagnosis of CRC cancer or study entry date. Information on the outcome and covariates was retrieved from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group database, the national health registries and questionnaires. Cumulative incidence of depression was estimated, and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between risk factors and depression incidence. During follow-up, 191 (14.4%) patients with CRC and 175 (2.6%) cancer-free comparison persons experienced depression. After adjustments, in the first year after cancer diagnosis, patients with CRC had a 12-fold higher hazard compared with the cancer-free population (HR, 12.01; 95% CI, 7.89–18.28). The risk decreased during follow-up but remained significantly elevated with an HR of 2.65 (95% CI, 1.61–4.36) after five years. Identified risk factors were presence of comorbidities, advanced disease stage and use of radiotherapy, while life style factors (pre-cancer or at diagnosis) and chemotherapy did not seem to contribute to the increased risk.

Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in a Private University in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
NC Ogu ◽  
AE Ladele ◽  
DO Afolabi ◽  
JO Sotunsa ◽  
FI Ani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Classi Cation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: High blood pressure among adolescents is not as researched as it is among adults, notwithstanding that hypertension in adults is being tracked back to childhood. This study identied the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents, the age related pattern of prevalence and associated risk factors. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among university students who presented for preadmission medical examination. Blood pressuremeasurement was conducted and cut off reading was based on JNC VII classication for hypertension.  Results: A total of 952 students had complete data. Participants were aged 14 – 19 years with a mean age of 16.6 ± 1.03 years. Prevalence of hypertensionamong the adolescents was 6.4%. High blood pressure (HBP) distribution was as follows; systolic HBP (54%), diastolic HBP (31.15%) and combinedsystolic and diastolic HBP (14.75%). The risk factors significantly associated with HBP were male gender, obesity, overweight, alcohol, smoking and high blood sugar (p values 0.001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.016, and 0.001 respectively). However family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.053). The majority of the adolescents with hypertension were unaware of the morbidity. Conclusion: Hypertension is identifiable in adolescents  and it appears to increase with age. Notable risk factors for hypertension in adults are also associatedwith hypertension among adolescents. Regular screening will improve awareness and help mitigate the complications of this condition.

Relative risk of irritable bowel syndrome following acute gastroenteritis and associated risk factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. KOWALCYK ◽  
H. M. SMEETS ◽  
P. A. SUCCOP ◽  
N. J. DE WIT ◽  
A. H. HAVELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

SUMMARYA prospective cohort study using electronic medical records was undertaken to estimate the relative risk (RR) of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) following acute gastroenteritis (GE) in primary-care patients in The Netherlands and explore risk factors. Patients aged 18–70 years who consulted for GE symptoms from 1998 to 2009, met inclusion/exclusion criteria and had at least 1 year of follow-up data were included. Patients with non-GE consultations, matched by age, gender, consulting practice and time of visit, served as the reference group. At 1 year, 1·2% of GE patients (N = 2428) had been diagnosed with IBS compared to 0·3% of the reference group (N = 2354). GE patients had increased risk of IBS [RR 4·85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·02–11·63]. For GE patients, concomitant cramps and history of psycho-social consultations were significantly associated with increased risk. GE patients had increased risk of IBS up to 5 years post-exposure (RR 5·40, 95% CI 2·60–11·24), suggesting there may be other contributing factors.

Abstract 049: De Novo Postpartum Hypertension In A Safety-net Hospital: Incidence And Risk Factors

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha E Parker ◽  
Ayodele Ajayi ◽  
Christina Yarrington
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Safety Net Hospital ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Postpartum hypertension can be persistent, following a pregnancy complicated by hypertension, or new onset ( de novo ), following a normotensive pregnancy. The postpartum period is traditionally defined as six weeks after delivery, yet accruing evidence shows that hypertension underlies the majority of severe maternal morbidity events through a year postpartum. While guidelines for enhanced monitoring of women at risk of persistent postpartum hypertension exist, less is known about risk factors for de novo postpartum hypertension. The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of and identify risk factors for de novo postpartum hypertension among a diverse safety-net hospital population through the entire year postpartum. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that women with de novo postpartum hypertension share similar demographic and reproductive characteristics to women at increased risk of cardiovascular related maternal morbidity. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 8,531 deliveries at Boston Medical Center from 2016-2018. Data on demographics, reproductive history, and labor and delivery were obtained from medical records. All documented blood pressure measures from pregnancy through 12 months postpartum were extracted. Women with chronic hypertension or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were excluded. De novo postpartum hypertension was defined as two separate blood pressure readings with systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg at least 48 hours after delivery. Severe de novo hypertension was defined using criteria of SBP ≥160 and/or DPB ≥110. We examined the distribution of demographic and pregnancy characteristics among women with and without de novo postpartum hypertension. Secondary analyses restricting to women with healthcare visits after six weeks postpartum were also conducted. Results: Among the 6,631 women without a history of hypertension, 10% (n=660) developed de novo postpartum hypertension; a third of whom had severe hypertension (n=225). Compared to women without de novo hypertension; cases were more likely to be non-Hispanic Black; delivered via cesearean section; have had a preterm delivery; and be multiparous. In analyses restricted to women with visits extending past six weeks postpartum (n=3,272), the incidence of de novo postpartum hypertension was 16.6%. Approximately 30% of these cases were diagnosed after the traditionally used six week period. Conclusion: In conclusion, 1 in 10 women with normotensive pregnancies experience de novo hypertension in the year after delivery, with a third of these cases developing after six weeks. Opportunities to monitor and manage women at the highest risk of de novo hypertension throughout the entire year postpartum could mitigate cardiovascular related maternal morbidity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity in Medical students and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors: Emergency Alarm for Today?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
G. Purohit ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
J.M. Harsoda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
History Of

Background It is predicted that the prevalence of overweight and obesity will rise significantly by 2015 in young population. Problem of overweight and obesity has been recognized as public health problem worldwide due to the fact that it increases the risk of chronic diseases such as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), stroke, diabetes, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis etc.Objective To assess the body mass index in medical students and its association with various cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure, dietary habits, and family history of cardiovascular diseases.Method A university based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Department of Physiology, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat. Data was collected through convenient sampling technique by using self-administered questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 138 first year medical students was assessed. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured.Result Data was compiled in excel sheet, analyzed for percentage and proportion. Chi square and Pearson correlation test were also applied and alpha error was set at 5% level. In comparison to the students with normal BMI, students with BMI >25 kg/m2 (N=49) showed significantly high blood pressure indices. Dietary habits and family history of cardiovascular diseases were also noted. Highly significant association of high BMI was found with elevated blood pressure (X2=7.4042***, p<0.001) and presence of family history of cardiovascular diseases X2=9.8625***, p<0.001). BMI is negatively correlated with SpO2 (r= -0.0504, p<0.05) and pulse rate, while positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.2736) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.0275).Conclusion In conclusion, majority (more than 35%) of medical students were overweight, high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors like family history, elevated blood pressure and less SpO2.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN GAJIDA TOWN, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Yakubu Gajida ◽  
Dr. Shumaila Hanif ◽  
Aishat Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension is a world health problem which is strongly related with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature deaths. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and associated risk factors among adults in Gajida town. The blood pressure (BP) of 364 participants was measured. Risk factors of high BP (age, gender, obesity, occupational stress, family history, educational level, dietary habits and smoking) were assessed. The data obtained was analyzed using both descriptive and interferential statistics. The descriptive (mean, standard deviation & percentage) and inferential (Pearson, Spearman & Mann-Whitney-U) statistics were used to summarize/analyze the data at P<0.05 using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) (version 16.0). Out of 364 participants, 185 (50.8%) were males and 179 (49.2%) were females. On average, participant’s age was 33 years, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 110 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 80 mm Hg and BMI was 19.96 kg/m2. About 153 (41.9%) of the participants were housewives and 138 (37.9%) were not educated. Prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 23.6%. Gender, age, BMI, and educational level were found to be associated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with HTN. Occupational stress, history of HTN, family history of HTN, dietary habits and smoking showed no significant relationship (p ≥ 0.05). A moderate prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found among adults in Gajida town. Hypertension is associated with gender, age, BMI, and educational level. There is a need to detect and manage cases of undiagnosed hypertension through regular measurements.

scholarly journals Blood pressure, heart diseases and lifestyles of elderly

Rev Rene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristina Araújo Morais ◽  
Rafaella Pessoa Moreira ◽  
Paula Alves de Lima ◽  
Maria das Graças Fernandes Silva ◽  
Jerry Deyvid Freires Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: to investigate the blood pressure values; to identify the history of cardiovascular diseases and lifestyles of elderly at a social assistance reference center. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted with fifty elderly. A form with questions regarding social data, history of diseases and lifestyles was applied. In sequence, the blood pressure was checked. Results: it was observed that 73.3% of the elderly had pressure alterations. Systolic alterations were identified in 73.3%, and diastolic, in 10% of the elderly. The most frequently referred cardiovascular diseases were hypertension (70%), diabetes mellitus(38%) and dyslipidemia (32%). The most common risk factors were current or past use of tobacco whether active (68%) or passive (26%), and physical inactivity (48%). Conclusion: people with altered blood pressure and associated risk factors were identified. This situation may contribute to directing nursing care and addressing the real needs of elderly population. 

scholarly journals HIV/HCV co-infection and associated risk factors among injecting drug users in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: potential for HCV elimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Henry Leyna ◽  
Neema Makyao ◽  
Alexander Mwijage ◽  
Angela Ramadhan ◽  
Samuel Likindikoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Opioid Substitution

Abstract Background Chronic HCV infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality and, in co-infection with HIV, may result in immunological and virological failure following antiretroviral treatment. Estimates of HCV infection, co-infection with HIV and associated risk practices among PWID are scarce in Africa. This study therefore aimed at estimating the prevalence of HCV and associated risk factors among PWID in the largest metropolitan city in Tanzania to inform WHO elimination recommendations. Methods An integrated bio-behavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit PWID residing in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Following face-to-face interviews, blood samples were collected for HIV and HCV testing. Weighted modified Poisson regression modeling with robust standard errors was used in the analysis. Results A total of 611 PWID with a median age of 34 years (IQR, 29–38) were recruited through 4 to 8 waves. The majority of participants (94.3%) were males, and the median age at first injection was 24 years (IQR, 19–30). Only 6.55% (40/611) of participants reported to have been enrolled in opioid treatment programs. The weighted HCV antibody prevalence was 16.2% (95%CI, 13.0–20.1). The corresponding prevalence of HIV infection was 8.7% (95%CI, 6.4–11.8). Of the 51 PWID who were infected with HIV, 22 (43.1%) were HCV seropositive. Lack of access to clean needles (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR), 1.76; 95%CI, 1.44; 12.74), sharing a needle the past month (APR, 1.72; 95%CI, 1.02; 3.00), not cleaning the needle the last time shared (APR, 2.29; 95%CI, 1.00; 6.37), and having unprotected not using a transactional sex (APR, 1.87; 95%CI, 1.00; 3.61) were associated with increased risk of HCV infection. On the other hand, not being on opioid substitution therapy was associated with 60% lower likelihood of infection. Conclusions The HCV antibody prevalence among PWID is lower than global estimates indicating potential for elimination. Improving access to safe injecting paraphernalia, promoting safer injecting practices is the focus of prevention programing. Screening for HIV/HCV co-infection should be intensified in HIV care, opioid substitution programs, and other point of care for PWID. Use of direct-acting antiretroviral treatment would accelerate the achievement of hepatitis infection elimination goal by 2030.

scholarly journals DIETARY INTAKE AND PREVALENCE OF ADOLESCENT HYPERTENSIVE IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Wordu G. O. ◽  
Wachukwu Chikodi H. I.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension is the commonest non communicable disease affecting both adolescents and adults.  Its origin is in childhood, but information on its prevalence and associated risk factors in adolescents are scarce.  This study assessed the prevalence of High blood pressure and associated risk factors on an adolescents in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 150 respondents selected using a multistage sampling technique from secondary schools in Port Harcourt.  Height, weight and blood pressure (BP) of the respondents were measured, while body mass index (BMI) were calculated using standard methods.  Hypertension, overweight and obesity were recorded high among participants.  About 22%, 28.8% and 34.7% were in the categories of prehypertension, stage by hypertension and stage 2 hypertension respectively.  A total of 36.16% were overweight and 9.3% obsessed.  This study demonstrated high prevalence of hypertension overweight and obesity among the adolescents in Port Harcourt other intervention to promote healthy eating habits and life styles, especially among high risk groups are suggested. Similar studies should be conducted in a rural setting.

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