scholarly journals Composition of Trace Metals in Dust Samples Collected from Selected High Schools in Pretoria, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Olowoyo ◽  
L. L. Mugivhisa ◽  
Z. G. Magoloi
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recess Period

Potential health risks associated with trace metal pollution have necessitated the importance of monitoring their levels in the environment. The present study investigated the concentrations and compositions of trace metals in dust samples collected from classrooms and playing ground from the selected high schools In Pretoria. Schools were selected from Pretoria based on factors such as proximity to high traffic ways, industrial areas, and residential areas. Thirty-two dust samples were collected from inside and outside the classrooms, where learners often stay during recess period. The dust samples were analysed for trace metal concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The composition of the elements showed that the concentrations of Zn were more than all other elements except from one of the schools. There were significant differences in the concentrations of trace metals from the schools (p<0.05). Regular cleaning, proximity to busy road, and well maintained gardens seem to have positive effects on the concentrations of trace metals recorded from the classrooms dust. The result further revealed a positive correlation for elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Sb, indicating that the dust might have a common source.

Preparation of Urine Samples for Trace Metal Determination: A Study with Aluminium Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Burden ◽  
M W Whitehead ◽  
R P H Thompson ◽  
J J Powell
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Pooled Sample

Urinary analysis of trace metals forms a significant role in clinical chemistry, but the optimal preparation and analysis of urine samples has not been investigated. Human urine is generally supersaturated with dissolved solids. Therefore, samples often precipitate following collection. X-ray microanalysis showed that this precipitate was predominantly rich in calcium and phosphorus but could include some trace metals from urine, potentially lowering their concentrations in solution. Hence, the precipitate must be fully redissolved for accurate analysis of trace metals in urine. Methods are emphasized for the best collection and preparation of urine samples for subsequent trace metal analysis; in this work inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) was used for the analysis of aluminium. For optimal accuracy, peak profiles were collected over 396.147 nm-396.157 nm. Urinary aluminium levels were investigated from 10 healthy volunteers and concentrations were obtained using either aqueous, pooled or individual urine-based standard curves. Since urine has a highly variable matrix, individual sample-based standards, which are unique to that particular sample, gave the most accurate results. However, where sample size is small or sample numbers are unfeasibly large, pooled sample-based standards give good approximations to within 15% and, with appropriate validation, other elements as internal standards could also be used for approximations. Aqueous standards should be avoided. Spike-recovery experiments confirmed these data since individual sample based standards showed optimal recovery [99.3 (4.4)%], while pooled sample-based standards were a close proxy [101.6 (9.2)%] but aqueous standards were inappropriate [137.4 (12.8)%]. Postprandial urinary aluminium levels of the 10 volunteers were [7.2 (3.7)μg/L] after analysis using individual sample-based standard curves.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of trace metals in the Raritan River with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3183-3193
Author(s):  
Ya-nan Li ◽  
Zhihui Duan ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhiwei Shao ◽  
Juncheng Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract Raritan River is the largest river basin in New Jersey, providing the water supply for one million people in seven counties nearby. In this study, water samples collected from 11 Raritan River standard sampling stations along the Raritan Estuary to the Atlantic Ocean were analyzed for concentrations of trace metals and their isotopes. The concentration of each trace metal was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), with normalization of internal standard and correction with acid blanks. The metal concentration levels were compared to the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria (NRWQC). Results showed that the metal concentrations generally increased with the sampling station number, indicating that more trace metals were distributed in seawater than freshwater along the river basin. None of the sampling stations had concentrations of 52Cr or 208Pb exceeding the NRWQC. For 64+66Zn, only the water concentration (230 μg/L) at station 7 has exceeded the NRWQC. The concentrations of 75As at stations 9, 10, and 11 have exceeded the NRWQC, possessing potential risk for causing chronic disease. Furthermore, 63+65Cu and 106+111Cd concentrations at all sampling stations exceeded the limit set by NRWQC. Considering the potential health hazards of these trace metals, the sampling sites with excessive concentrations should be monitored.

scholarly journals Coprecipitation of Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ with Mn(III/IV) Oxides Formed in Metal-Rich Mine Waters

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sánchez-España ◽  
Yusta
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Very High

Manganese oxides are widespread in soils and natural waters, and their capacity to adsorb different trace metals such as Co, Ni, or Zn is well known. In this study, we aimed to compare the extent of trace metal coprecipitation in different Mn oxides formed during Mn(II) oxidation in highly concentrated, metal-rich mine waters. For this purpose, mine water samples collected from the deepest part of several acidic pit lakes in Spain (pH 2.7–4.2), with very high concentration of manganese (358–892 mg/L Mn) and trace metals (e.g., 795–10,394 µg/L Ni, 678–11,081 µg/L Co, 259–624 mg/L Zn), were neutralized to pH 8.0 in the laboratory and later used for Mn(II) oxidation experiments. These waters were subsequently allowed to oxidize at room temperature and pH = 8.5–9.0 over several weeks until Mn(II) was totally oxidized and a dense layer of manganese precipitates had been formed. These solids were characterized by different techniques for investigating the mineral phases formed and the amount of coprecipitated trace metals. All Mn oxides were fine-grained and poorly crystalline. Evidence from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) suggests the formation of different manganese oxides with varying oxidation state ranging from Mn(III) (e.g., manganite) and Mn(III/IV) (e.g., birnessite, todorokite) to Mn(IV) (e.g., asbolane). Whole-precipitate analyses by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), and/or Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), provided important concentrations of trace metals in birnessite (e.g., up to 1424 ppm Co, 814 ppm Ni, and 2713 ppm Zn), while Co and Ni concentrations at weight percent units were detected in asbolane by SEM-EDX. This trace metal retention capacity is lower than that observed in natural Mn oxides (e.g., birnessite) formed in the water column in a circum-neutral pit lake (pH 7.0–8.0), or in desautelsite obtained in previous neutralization experiments (pH 9.0–10.0). However, given the very high amount of Mn sorbent material formed in the solutions (2.8–4.6 g/L Mn oxide), the formation of these Mn(III/IV) oxides invariably led to the virtually total removal of Co, Ni, and Zn from the aqueous phase. We evaluate these data in the context of mine water pollution treatment and recovery of critical metals.

Mobility, binding behavior and potential risks of trace metals in the sediments of the fifth largest freshwater lake, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guolian Li ◽  
Guijian Liu ◽  
Chuncai Zhou ◽  
Yu Kang ◽  
Wanqing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Binding Behavior ◽  
Potential Risks

The trace metal pollution of sediments in Chaohu Lake, one of the most highly eutrophic lakes in East China, was investigated. Surface sediment (0–5 cm) samples were collected from 35 different positions and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to determine trace metal contents. Results showed that the mean content of trace metals was as follows: Cr, 85.09 mg kg−1; Cu, 34.49 mg kg−1; Ni, 26.46 mg kg−1; Pb, 34.17 mg kg−1 and Zn, 107.46 mg kg−1. The trace metal concentrations from different sampling sites displayed spatial diversity; the heavily polluted sampling sites were close to where estuaries flow in to the lake. A four-step sequential extraction was used to examine the partitioning of the trace metals. Results demonstrated that the percentage of the species bound to the oxidizable phase for all trace metals ranged from 15.6 to 37.7%, while for Cu, Cr and Ni, the main forms were residual (41.3, 62.3 and 69.8%, respectively). Trace metals in the oxidizable fraction may mainly exist in the form of sulfides. The ecological potential risks of trace metals decreased as follows: Pb &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Ni.

scholarly journals Using FlFFF and aTEM to determine trace metal–nanoparticle associations in riverbed sediment

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Plathe ◽  
F. von der Kammer ◽  
M. Hassellöv ◽  
J. Moore ◽  
M. Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Clark Fork River ◽  
Nano Size

Environmental context. Determining associations between trace metals and nanoparticles in contaminated systems is important in order to make decisions regarding remediation. This study analysed contaminated sediment from the Clark Fork River Superfund Site and discovered that in the <1-μm fraction the trace metals were almost exclusively associated with nanoparticulate Fe and Ti oxides. This information is relevant because nanoparticles are often more reactive and show altered properties compared with their bulk equivalents, therefore affecting metal toxicity and bioavailability. Abstract. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (aTEM) and flow field flow fractionation (FlFFF) coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICPMS) were utilised to elucidate relationships between trace metals and nanoparticles in contaminated sediment. Samples were obtained from the Clark Fork River (Montana, USA), where a large-scale dam removal project has released reservoir sediment contaminated with toxic trace metals (namely Pb, Zn, Cu and As) which had accumulated from a century of mining activities upstream. An aqueous extraction method was used to recover nanoparticles from the sediment for examination; FlFFF results indicate that the toxic metals are held in the nano-size fraction of the sediment and their peak shapes and size distributions correlate best with those for Fe and Ti. TEM data confirms this on a single nanoparticle scale; the toxic metals were found almost exclusively associated with nano-size oxide minerals, most commonly brookite, goethite and lepidocrocite.

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