scholarly journals Redox Nanoparticle Therapeutics for Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phetcharat Boonruamkaew ◽  
Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert ◽  
Yukio Nagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Redox Nanoparticle ◽  
Histological Staining ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Alt Activity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of an antioxidative nanoparticle (RNPN) recently developed against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The effects of oral administration ofRNPNto APAP-treated mice were assessed for various biochemical liver function parameters: alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, aspartate transaminase (AST) activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, prothrombin time, and serum albumin (ALB) level. The treatment effects were assessed in terms of free radical parameters: malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, % inhibition of superoxide anion (O2-∙), and histopathological examination. TheN-acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated group exhibited an enhanced prothrombin time relative to the control group, whileRNPNdid not prolong prothrombin time. TheRNPN-treated animals exhibited lower levels of ALT, AST, and ALP, while increased ALB levels were measured in these animals compared to those in the other groups. TheRNPN-treated animals furthermore exhibited improved MDA levels, GPx activity, and % inhibition ofO2-∙, which relate to oxidative damage. Histological staining of liver tissues fromRNPN-treated animals did not reveal any microscopic changes relative to the other groups. The findings of this study suggest thatRNPNpossesses effective hepatoprotective properties and does not exhibit the notable adverse effects associated with NAC treatment.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masarra M. Sakr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Eman M. Mantawy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽  
Fatehya M Metwally ◽  
Hend Rashad ◽  
Asmaa M Zaazaa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated<br />hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.<br />Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard<br />rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,<br />and simvastatin-treated group.<br />Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index<br />(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.<br />Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin<br />values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or<br />simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value<br />in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,<br />noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with<br />either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes<br />(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with<br />ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.<br />Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related<br />metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and<br />antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.<br />Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.</p>

The effect of deworming naturally infected heifers on liveweight gain, reproductive performance and fecal egg counts

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
S. L. Boyles ◽  
L. J. Johnson ◽  
W. D. Slanger ◽  
B. J. Kreft ◽  
J. D. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-six of 52 heifers with an average liveweight of 318 kg were dewormed by intraruminal injection of oxfendazole and placed in drylot on 31 January. The other 26 animals served as controls. All heifers were pastured starting on 14 June and the treatment heifers were dewormed in the same manner as at the start of the experiment (31 January) on 1 July and 31 July. The groups started out with similar total worm eggs per gram of fecal sample, but the dewormed heifers had fewer counts each month thereafter. The drylot average daily gain of the treated heifers was higher (P = 0.01) and less variable (P = 0.12) and by 29 May these animals were heavier by 11.7 kg (P = 0.10). The treated animals did not gain as fast on pasture (P = 0.20), but the gain continued to be less variable (P = 0.09). Age at puberty was not different. Number of open heifers in the treated group was 4 vs. 15% for the control group (P = 0.18). Deworming by intraruminal injection resulted in faster feedlot gains, more uniform gains during both drylot and pasture, reduced parasites and no abscess at injection sites. Key words: Anthelmintics, oxfendazole, cattle, heifers

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effects of Stanozolol on Male Rats‘ Hippocampi: Does Stanozolol cause apoptosis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Faezeh Nemati Karimooy ◽  
Alireza Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan ◽  
Abbas Mohammadi Pour ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

AbstractStanozolol is an anabolic-androgenic steroid which is commonly abused by athletes for improved energy, appearance, and physical size. It has been previously shown to cause changes in behaviour and has various physical effects. Studies have previously been conducted on its neurotoxic effect on the central nervous system (CNS), which are typically psychological in nature. This study was performed to investigate the apoptotic effect of stanozolol on different parts of the rat hippocampus. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received subcutaneous injections of stanozolol (5mg/kg/day) for consecutive 28 days, whereas the control group received saline using the same dosing schedule and administration route. After routine procedures, coronal sections of rat brain were stained with Toluidine blue and TUNEL for pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell detection, respectively. In order to compare groups, the mean number of TUNEL-positive and pre-apoptotic neurons per unit area were calculated and analysed. Histopathological examination revealed that the mean number of pre-apoptotic and apoptotic neurons in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG areas of the hippocampus were significantly increased in the stanozolol treated group. In conclusion, stanozolol abuse may induce pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell formation in different regions of the hippocampus.

Impact of mycotoxins and of a mycotoxin deactivator on alpacas grazing perennial ryegrass infected with wild endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
J. L. Vaughan ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
D. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Enzyme Activity ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
The Difference

Liveweight gain, animal health and the effectiveness of a mycotoxin deactivator were studied on an old pasture that contained 61% perennial ryegrass. Sixty-seven percent of the ryegrass population was infected with endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.). The pasture was fenced into two halves and two groups of 28 alpaca male weaners were rotated between the two plots. Nine to 10 Suris and 18–19 Huacayas were allocated to each group. One group was fed a concentrate supplement (100 g/head per day) and the other was fed the same supplement to which was added the toxin deactivator, Mycofix® Plus (5 g/100 g). Mean liveweight gain on the low-quality pasture over late summer and early autumn was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the groups. For the control group it was 41 g/day but individual rates of gain ranged from 67 to 0 g/day, depending on the severity of signs of perennial ryegrass toxicosis (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Liveweight gain was independent of neurotoxic signs in the Mycofix® Plus treated group. Ergovaline concentration in perennial ryegrass varied from 0.43 to a peak in early autumn (March) of 1.05 mg/kg. Mean urine lysergol alkaloid concentration peaked in mid-summer (January) at 109 ng/mg creatinine (control group) and was consistently lower in the Mycofix® Plus group, although the difference approached significance (P = 0.06) only in March. Lolitrem B concentration in perennial ryegrass varied from 0.78 to 1.57 mg/kg. Neurotoxic signs in alpacas were observed throughout the study and peaked in early autumn, coinciding with peak lolitrem B concentration; at this time, 84% of alpacas exhibited neurotoxic signs. Over the 145-day study, the Mycofix® Plus treated group exhibited a lower mean rating of perennial ryegrass toxicosis signs (P < 0.05). Variation in liveweight gain and signs of toxicosis were not associated with significant differences in liver enzyme activity.

scholarly journals The effect of usage of Artemisia herba alba and Urtica dioica herbs extracts on the histopathological changes of Eimeria tenella parasite in the broiler chick.

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Haider Mohammad Ali Al-Rubaie1
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Histopathological Changes

This study was conducted to determine the biological effects of both Artemisia herba alba andUrtica dioica on the pathogenesis of Eimeria tenella, so 150 broilers, 7days old (Ross breed)were used, divided randomly into 6 groups. The first fourth groups include 30 chicks for eachgroup, while fifth and sixth groups have 15 chicks for each, consider as positive and negativegroups.The first five groups infected orally with 1000 oocysts of E.tenella directly into the cropat 17 days old. Histopathological examination of cecae in the treated groups with Urtica dioicarevealed moderate mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration, while sever lymphocytic aggregationswere seen in the treated group of water extract comparing with less cellular inflammatoryinfiltration was seen in the treated group with Artemisia herba alba .Severe degeneration andnecrotic changes were appeared in epithelial layer of mucus glands as well as appearance ofdegenerated schizonts in the section of the control group.

Three superoxide dismutase genes from Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) involved in the responses to temperature and acaricide stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianrong Xin ◽  
Xiaoyue Li ◽  
Jiadong Yin ◽  
Xianyan Ye ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tetranychus Cinnabarinus ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

In almost all aerobic organisms, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) is considered as an important antioxidant enzyme regulating oxidative stress. Tetranychus cinnabarinus is an economically important polyphagous pest mite, which harms a variety of economic crops and ornamental plants. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequences of cytoplasmic Cu/ZnSOD (TcSOD1), extracellular Cu/ZnSOD (TcSOD2) and mitochondrial MnSOD (TcSOD3) from T. cinnabarinus were cloned by combining RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The corresponding open reading frames (ORFs) encode three putative polypeptides of 152, 232, 225 amino acid residues, respectively. These sequences share the conserved SOD functional domains, signature motifs and metal binding sites. Multiple alignment analysis revealed that cytosolic Cu/ZnSOD and mitochondrial MnSOD sequences are relatively conserved, while extracellular Cu/ZnSODs are more diverse. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SODs are organized into two major clades, corresponding to Cu/ZnSODs, and MnSODs. Cu/ZnSODs are subdivided into two branches, one being composed of cytoplasmic Cu/ZnSODs, and the other corresponding to extracellular Cu/ZnSODs. Expression profiles of the three genes were determined at different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 40°C) for 2 hours. The relative expression of TcSOD1, TcSOD2, and TcSOD3 were significantly down-regulated (0.344-, 0.287-, and 0.358-fold, respectively) at 4°C compared to 25°C (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of TcSOD1 and TcSOD2 genes were significantly down-regulated at 40°C (0.481- and 0.291-fold less than in the control group, respectively) (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the relative expression level of TcSOD3(P>0.05). Moreover, expression levels were altered after exposition to different acaricides. TcSOD1, TcSOD2, and TcSOD3 were significantly down-regulated (0.450-, 0.147- and 0.663-fold decreases, respectively) in the abamectin-treated group (P<0.05). TcSOD1 and TcSOD2 were down-regulated, in the fenpropathrin-treated group with 0.794- and 0.201-fold decreases, respectively. On the other hand, the expression of TcSOD3 was significantly increased (P<0.05), being 2.774-fold higher than in the control group. The expression of TcSOD2 was significantly down-regulated both the propargite- and cyflumetofen-treated groups (0.655- and 0.397-fold, respectively) (P<0.05). The data reported here indicate that SODs from T. cinnabarinus may play different and vital roles in anticipating the effects of oxidative damage at extreme temperatures and under different acaricides stress.

The Effects of Halofuginone on Wound Healing in the Rat Nasal Mucosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyit Mehmet Ceylan ◽  
Erdal Uysal ◽  
Mehmet Sokucu ◽  
Efe Sezgin ◽  
Mahmut Alper Kanmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia

Background Halofuginone is an alkaloid febrifugine analogue and bioactive molecule that was isolated incidentally from the Dichroa febrifuga plant. The therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone in parasitic infections, scleroderma, inflammation, and fibrosis-related diseases, as well as in some types of cancer, has been previously reported. The effects of halofuginone on nasal mucosal damage are not yet known. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of topically applied halofuginone on wound healing in the mechanically injured nasal mucosa of rats. Methods A unilateral mucosal wound was created in the nasal cavity of 32 rats (aged 4 weeks) using the brushing technique. These rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Although the control group did not receive an intervention, a dry pad, a saline-impregnated pad, or a pad impregnated with halofuginone were placed in the rats of the other 3 groups and left for 5 minutes. Rats were sacrificed on the 14th day, and a histological examination was performed. The nasal mucosa was assessed via hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results There were no statistically significant differences in epithelial thickness, inflammation, goblet cell formation, and epithelial disarray values between the halofuginone group and the control group ( P > .05). The subepithelial thickness was significantly decreased in the saline-treated group and the halofuginone-treated group ( P < .05), but a significantly lower level of subepithelial fibrosis was only observed in the halofuginone group compared to the other groups ( P < .05). Conclusions Topical halofuginone administration reduces the development of fibrosis and subepithelial edema after experimentally induced nasal mucosal injury, but it does not exert therapeutic or preventive effects on epithelial damage, inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Study on Fracture Healing with Small-Splint-Fixation Therapy by Near-Infrared Raman Spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Huang ◽  
Shangyuan Feng ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
Duo Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Layers

In this study, near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy was explored to assess the incorporation of calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA~960cm−1) and other biochemical substances during the recovery of rabbits with complete radial fractures treated with or without small splints. 24 rabbits were randomy divided into two groups, one treated with small-splint-fixation therapy and the other without any intervention. The rabbits were sacrificed at 7, 15, 23, and 30 days after surgery, and the surface layers of the calluses in the fracture healing site from control and treated groups were routinely prepared for Raman spectroscopy. The prominent Raman bands were observed, including minerals at 430, 590, 960, 1003, and 1071 cm−1, protein at 856, 876, 1246, and 1667cm−1, and lipid at 1767cm−1. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio (CO3toυ1PO4) and the mineral-to-matrix ratio (υ1PO4to amide I) were calculated from these normalized Raman bands. Comparison of theυ1PO4-to-amide I ratio for the control group with that of the treated group probably indicated that the small-splint-fixation therapy could be useful for the gradual mineralization of the collagen matrix during fracture healing.

Effects of Achievement Motivation Training on Academic Performance of Underachievers

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Markle ◽  
Roger C. Rinn ◽  
Brenda Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Present Program ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Treatment Control Group

In an attempt to help underachieving students improve academic performance, an Achievement Motivation Training program was developed. Although similar to other programs focusing on achievement motivation, substantial differences exist, particularly since the present program is presented in an outpatient format rather than integrated into the classroom. 54 students (Grades 3 to 11), referred by their counselors, were subjects; half of these completed our Achievement Motivation Training program, the other half served as a no-treatment control group. The treated group showed a significant improvement in grades from before training to follow-up as well as significantly greater improvement than the control group. Also, a new methodology was offered and tested, demonstrating that a no-treatment group may not be necessary when grades are the primary dependent variable.

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