scholarly journals Children and Adolescent Obesity Associates with Pressure-Dependent and Age-Related Increase in Carotid and Femoral Arteries’ Stiffness and Not in Brachial Artery, Indicative of Nonintrinsic Arterial Wall Alteration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria García-Espinosa ◽  
Santiago Curcio ◽  
Juan Manuel Castro ◽  
Maite Arana ◽  
Gustavo Giachetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Related Increase

Aim. To analyze if childhood obesity associates with changes in elastic, transitional, and/or muscular arteries’ stiffness.Methods. 221 subjects (4–15 years, 92 females) were assigned to normal weight (NW,n=137) or obesity (OB,n=84) groups, considering their body mass indexz-score. Age groups were defined: 4–8; 8–12; 12–15 years old. Carotid, femoral, and brachial artery local stiffness was determined through systodiastolic pressure-diameter and stress-strain relationships. To this end, arterial diameter and peripheral and aortic blood pressure (BP) levels and waveforms were recorded. Carotid-femoral, femoropedal, and carotid-radial pulse wave velocities were determined to evaluate aortic, lower-limb, and upper-limb regional arterial stiffness, respectively. Correlation analysis between stiffness parameters and BP was done.Results. Compared to NW, OB subjects showed higher peripheral and central BP and carotid and femoral stiffness, reaching statistical significance in subjects aged 12 and older. Arterial stiffness differences disappeared when levels were normalized for BP. There were no differences in intrinsic arterial wall stiffness (elastic modulus), BP stiffness relationships, and regional stiffness parameters.Conclusion. OB associates with BP-dependent and age-related increase in carotid and femoral (but not brachial) stiffness. Stiffness changes would not be explained by intrinsic arterial wall alterations but could be associated with the higher BP levels observed in obese children.

Influence of Regular Exercise on Age-Related Changes in Arterial Elasticity: Mechanistic Insights From Wall Compositions in Rat Aorta

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Nosaka ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Izumi Watanabe ◽  
Masaaki Sato ◽  
Mitsuo Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Related Increase

Arterial stiffness increases with age in healthy sedentary adults. We previously reported that the age-related increases in arterial stiffness are absent or attenuated in regularly exercising adults. However, the mechanism underlying this training effect is unknown. One possibility is that regular exercise minimizes age-related changes in the arterial wall composition of elastin and collagen. To gain insight into this issue, we studied four groups of rats (N = 23): young (42-46 wks) and old (80-84 wks), sedentary and exercise-trained. The exercise group swam 1 hr•d−1, 6 d•wk−1 for 17-21 weeks. There was no significant difference in the incremental elastic modulus between young sedentary and exercise-trained rats. The elastic moduli of the old exercise-trained rats were 31% lower than in the old sedentary controls. As such, the magnitude of age-related increase in the elastic modulus was smaller in the exercise-trained (110%) vs. the sedentary group (151%) (p < 0.05). In both activity groups, elastin content was lower and collagen content was higher in old vs. young rats (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two activity groups. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that regular physical exercise minimizes age-related compositional changes in the arterial wall and attenuates the age-related increase in arterial stiffness. Key words: elastin, collagen, exercise training

HABITUAL EXERCISE AND AGE-RELATED INCREASE IN ARTERIAL WALL INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S239
Author(s):  
H. Tanaka ◽  
F. A. Dinenno ◽  
C. A. DeSouza ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Related Increase

scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness and Renal Replacement Therapy: A Controversial Topic

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Cabrera Fischer ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Cintia Galli ◽  
Sandra Wray ◽  
Daniel Bia
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The increase of arterial stiffness has been to have a significant impact on predicting mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a noninvasive, reliable parameter of regional arterial stiffness that integrates the vascular geometry and arterial wall intrinsic elasticity and is capable of predicting cardiovascular mortality in this patient population. Nevertheless, reports on PWV in dialyzed patients are contradictory and sometimes inconsistent: some reports claim the arterial wall stiffness increases (i.e., PWV increase), others claim that it is reduced, and some even state that it augments in the aorta while it simultaneously decreases in the brachial artery pathway. The purpose of this study was to analyze the literature in which longitudinal or transversal studies were performed in hemodialysis and/or peritoneal dialysis patients, in order to characterize arterial stiffness and the responsiveness to renal replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness as a cardiovascular events risk marker and possibilities for its downregulation by contemporary antihypertensive medications

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sh Zagidullin ◽  
R Kh Zulkarneev ◽  
E S Scherbakova ◽  
Yu F Safina ◽  
Sh Z Zagidullin
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Wall Stiffness

Arterial blood pressure measured by Korotkov’s method is a non-valid predictor for possible cardiovascular events, which requires introduction of new methods of arterial hypertension diagnostics. Recently, the effect on arterial stiffness has become a very important characteristic of antihypertensive drugs overall efficacy. Evaluation of arterial stiffness (central aortic pressure, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) contributes to more precise cardiovascular risk stratification and reflects target organ damage and the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment. In particular, pulse wave velocity exceeding 12 m/s is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular events. Arterial compliance can be determined by applanation tonometry, pulse wave shift at the carotid and femoral arteries, finger photoplethysmography, volume pulsoxymetry, echo-tracking, suprasystolic pulse waves recording method and cardio-ankle vascular index. Different effects of antihypertensive drugs on arterial stiffness at the same blood pressure reduction have been repeatedly shown. The article discusses the impact of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs, including contemporary antihypertensive drugs combinations, on arterial stiffness. Effect of beta-blockers greatly varies depending on the characteristics of the drug, diuretics have neutral effect, calcium antagonists (especially amlodipine) decrease the pulse wave speed and arterial wall stiffness. Both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (more data for enalapril, perindopril and valsartan) were effective in decreasing arterial wall stiffness. A significant reduction in arterial wall stiffness was mainly found if antihypertensive drugs combinations were used, especially the combination of calcium antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.

scholarly journals Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

Abstract 125: Elevated Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity is Associated With Higher Aortic and Carotid Stiffness Independent of Blood Pressure in Women

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth W Holwerda ◽  
Rachel E Luehrs ◽  
Nealy A Wooldridge ◽  
Lyndsey E DuBose ◽  
Jess G Fiedorowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Increase

Central arterial stiffness, a significant contributor to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease with aging, is linked to elevated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in men. However, the extent to which MSNA is associated with central arterial stiffness in women is unknown. Given that the age-related increase in MSNA and arterial blood pressure (BP) occurs at a steeper rate among women compared to men, we tested the hypothesis that resting MSNA is more strongly correlated with central arterial stiffness in women than in men. Also, because of the parallel age-related increase in MSNA, we further hypothesized that the relation between MSNA and central arterial stiffness would not be independent of age. MSNA (microneurography), aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV), and carotid β-stiffness (carotid tonometry and ultrasound) were assessed in 54 healthy men (n=29; 19-72 yrs; 30 ± 1 kg/m 2 ; systolic BP: 128 ± 3 mmHg) and women (n=26; 26-64 yrs; 29 ± 2 kg/m 2 ; systolic BP: 116 ± 3 mmHg). No differences between men and women were observed for CFPWV (Men: 7.0 ± 0.3 vs. Women: 6.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, P=0.747) and carotid β-stiffness (Men: 7.6 ± 0.8 vs. Women: 7.6 ± 0.5 mmHg, P=0.975). Mean BP was lower in women compared to men (Men: 93 ± 3 vs. Women: 85 ± 2 mmHg, P=0.021) and MSNA tended to be lower in women compared to men (Men: 25 ± 3 vs. Women: 20 ± 2 bursts/min, P=0.091). After adjusting for mean BP and HR (partial correlation), CFPWV was significantly correlated with MSNA in men (R=0.44, P=0.021) and women (R=0.58, P=0.004). Interestingly, further adjustment for age abolished the association between CFPWV and MSNA in men (R=0.01, P=0.968), but not in women (R=0.43, P=0.046). A moderate relation between carotid β-stiffness and MSNA was observed in men (R=0.37, P=0.063) and women (R=0.44, P=0.034), but was abolished after adjusting for age (Men: R=-0.001, P=0.995; Women: R=0.26, P=0.245). These preliminary data demonstrate that MSNA is positively correlated with central arterial stiffness in women and men independent of BP. Furthermore, abolishment of the relation between MSNA and CFPWV in men only when adjusting for age suggests that the association between MSNA and central arterial stiffness may be more robust in women.

Cognitive tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dunalska ◽  
Piotr Janik ◽  
Natalia Szejko ◽  
Andrzej Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Vocal Tics

Abstract BACKGROUND Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is characterized by motor and vocal tics. Cognitive tics (CTs) have been rarely recognized as part of GTS symptomatology and their prevalence and associates have not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and clinical associations of CTs in a group of patients with GTS. METHODS We examined 227 consecutive GTS patients aged 5–50 years old (78.4% males). The median duration of GTS was 4 years (IQR: 3–7) in children and 18 years (IQR: 12–23) in adults. The patients were evaluated for GTS and comorbid mental disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5. CTs were defined as brief, sudden, recurring involuntary thoughts, analogous to typically recognized complex vocal tics and diagnosed during the interview. Correlations between CTs and clinical variables were evaluated in two analyses, lifetime and current. Children and adult groups were compared. RESULTS Lifetime CTs were reported by 48 patients (21.1%), in 33 of the cases at the time of evaluation. The median age at onset of CTs was 13.5 years (IQR 9.3–16). Five mental phenomena were evaluated: echolalia (n = 17), coprolalia (n = 16), palilalia (n = 13), counting (n = 11), repeating of words in mind (n = 7). In the multivariable analysis of lifetime CTs, tic severity (p = 0.025) and significant social skill problems (p = 0.050) demonstrated correlation, while for current CTs only tic severity (p = 0.028) and anxiety disorder (p = 0.028) remained significant. In logistic regression model for age groups, in children only age was a factor significantly associated with lifetime CTs (p = 0.033), whereas in adults there were no statistically significant associations with lifetime CTs. For current CTs, none of the variables reached statistical significance in children, while only anxiety disorder was a predictor of current CTs in adults (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS CTs are a part of tic spectrum with a substantial impact of comorbid psychiatric disorders. CTs are a late and age-related symptom of GTS.

Is Age Related Fibrinogen Affected by Warfarin?.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4117-4117
Author(s):  
Roger C. Munro ◽  
Lisa J. Wakeman ◽  
Saad Al-Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Warfarin Group ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Warfarin Treatment ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction: There is published evidence which indicates that advancing age may be associated with higher plasma concentrations of fibrinogen. There is also evidence that derived fibrinogen values are significantly higher than Clauss measurements and that this discrepancy is greater in patients receiving warfarin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age related derived fibrinogen levels are similar in both warfarin and non-warfarin groups. Methods: Venous samples were collected into siliconised glass B-D Vacutainers containing tri-sodium citrate (Ref: 367691) from 1000 patients receiving long term warfarin treatment and an equal number of age-matched patients not receiving warfarin. Genders were equally represented in both groups. Patients in both groups were categorized into 5 years age bands as follows: &lt;40 n=23: 40–44 n=20: 45–49 n=43; 50–54 n=74: 55–59 n=113: 60–64 n=155: 65–69 n=178: 70–74 n=191: 75–79 n=124; 80–84 n=56: 85–89 n=23. Derived fibrinogen was measured in each patient on an ACL300R coagulometer (I L) within 1 hour of collection using IL PT-FIB HS Plus reagent and following the manufacturer’s protocol. Appropriate CLSI guidelines were followed throughout. A normal probability plot of the data was performed to confirm that it did not deviate too much from the normal distribution. Results: The T-test for independent samples using the separate variance estimate showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean fibrinogen between patients on warfarin and those not on warfarin (p&lt;0.05) in each group except for the last (85–89 years). There was a statistically significant difference (ANOVA) in the fibrinogen levels of patients of different age in both warfarinised and non-warfarinised groups (p&lt;0.05). The modified least significance procedure in the ANOVA test showed that in the non-warfarin group, most of significant difference in fibrinogen between the different age groups is contributed by the difference between patients under 50 years of age. In the non-warfarin group, it requires an age gap of at least 20 years for the difference in fibrinogen to be statistically significant but in the warfarin group, it only requires an age gap of ten years (p&lt;0.05). Both Linear Regression and Cross Tabulation indicate that the relationship between fibrinogen and age does not vary whether or not the patient is on warfarin. These also show that the effect of age on fibrinogen is not affected by warfarin treatment. Conclusion: Differences or correlations detected in this analysis are of statistical significance but not necessarily clinically significant. Placing age and warfarin treatment in the same model shows that variations in fibrinogen have to be explained by other factors (e.g. technical) not included in the study as only 12% of the error in predicting fibrinogen levels can be reduced by knowing both the age and status of warfarin treatment in individual patients.

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