scholarly journals Prophylactic Chronic Zinc Administration Increases Neuroinflammation in a Hypoxia-Ischemia Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantino Tomas-Sanchez ◽  
Victor Manuel Blanco-Alvarez ◽  
Juan Antonio Gonzalez-Barrios ◽  
Daniel Martinez-Fong ◽  
Guadalupe Garcia-Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

Acute and subacute administration of zinc exert neuroprotective effects in hypoxia-ischemia animal models; yet the effect of chronic administration of zinc still remains unknown. We addressed this issue by injecting zinc at a tolerable dose (0.5 mg/kg weight, i.p.) for 14 days before common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) in a rat. After CCAO, the level of zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, nitrites were determined by Griess method, lipoperoxidation was measured by Gerard-Monnier assay, and mRNA expression of 84 genes coding for cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors was measured by qRT-PCR, whereas nitrotyrosine, chemokines, and their receptors were assessed by ELISA and histopathological changes in the temporoparietal cortex-hippocampus at different time points. Long-term memory was evaluated using Morris water maze. Following CCAO, a significant increase in nitrosative stress, inflammatory chemokines/receptors, and cell death was observed after 8 h, and a 2.5-fold increase in zinc levels was detected after 7 days. Although CXCL12 and FGF2 protein levels were significantly increased, the long-term memory was impaired 12 days after reperfusion in the Zn+CCAO group. Our data suggest that the chronic administration of zinc at tolerable doses causes nitrosative stress, toxic zinc accumulation, and neuroinflammation, which might account for the neuronal death and cerebral dysfunction after CCAO.

scholarly journals Prophylactic Zinc and Therapeutic Selenium Administration Increases the Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Rat Temporoparietal Cortex and Improves Memory after a Transient Hypoxia-Ischemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantino Tomas-Sanchez ◽  
Victor-Manuel Blanco-Alvarez ◽  
Daniel Martinez-Fong ◽  
Juan-Antonio Gonzalez-Barrios ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez-Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Prophylactic Administration ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Therapeutic Administration

In the cerebral hypoxia-ischemia rat model, the prophylactic administration of zinc can cause either cytotoxicity or preconditioning effect, whereas the therapeutic administration of selenium decreases the ischemic damage. Herein, we aimed to explore whether supplementation of low doses of prophylactic zinc and therapeutic selenium could protect from a transient hypoxic-ischemic event. We administrated zinc (0.2 mg/kg of body weight; ip) daily for 14 days before a 10 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). After CCAO, we administrated sodium selenite (6 μg/kg of body weight; ip) daily for 7 days. In the temporoparietal cerebral cortex, we determined nitrites by the Griess method and lipid peroxidation by the Gerard-Monnier assay. qPCR was used to measure mRNA of nitric oxide synthases, antioxidant enzymes, chemokines, and their receptors. We measured the enzymatic activity of SOD and GPx and protein levels of chemokines and their receptors by ELISA. We evaluated long-term memory using the Morris-Water maze test. Our results showed that prophylactic administration of zinc caused a preconditioning effect, decreasing nitrosative/oxidative stress and increasing GPx and SOD expression and activity, as well as eNOS expression. The therapeutic administration of selenium maintained this preconditioning effect up to the late phase of hypoxia-ischemia. Ccl2, Ccr2, Cxcl12, and Cxcr4 were upregulated, and long-term memory was improved. Pyknotic cells were decreased suggesting prevention of neuronal cell death. Our results show that the prophylactic zinc and therapeutic selenium administration induces effective neuroprotection in the early and late phases after CCAO.

scholarly journals Prophylactic Subacute Administration of Zinc Increases CCL2, CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 Expression and Prevents the Long-Term Memory Loss in a Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Manuel Blanco-Alvarez ◽  
Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Antonio Gonzalez-Barrios ◽  
Daniel Martinez-Fong ◽  
Eduardo Brambila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cerebral Hypoxia ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

Prophylactic subacute administration of zinc decreases lipoperoxidation and cell death following a transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, thus suggesting neuroprotective and preconditioning effects. Chemokines and growth factors are also involved in the neuroprotective effect in hypoxia-ischemia. We explored whether zinc prevents the cerebral cortex-hippocampus injury through regulation of CCL2, CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 expression following a 10 min of common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Male rats were grouped as follows: (1) Zn96h, rats injected with ZnCl2(one dose every 24 h during four days); (2) Zn96h + CCAO, rats treated with ZnCl2before CCAO; (3) CCAO, rats with CCAO only; (4) Sham group, rats with mock CCAO; and (5) untreated rats. The cerebral cortex-hippocampus was dissected at different times before and after CCAO. CCL2/CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 expression was assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Learning in Morris Water Maze was achieved by daily training during 5 days. Long-term memory was evaluated on day 7 after learning. Subacute administration of zinc increased expression of CCL2, CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 in the early and late phases of postreperfusion and prevented the CCAO-induced memory loss in the rat. These results might be explained by the induction of neural plasticity because of the expression of CCL2 and growth factors.

Chronic administration of sulbutiamine improves long term memory formation in mice: Possible cholinergic mediation

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Micheau ◽  
Thomas P. Durkin ◽  
Claude Destrade ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Robert Jaffard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cholinergic Mediation

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of Lepidium sativum L. on memory impairments in Wistar rat: Behavioral and neurochemical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Soumia Ed-Day ◽  
Samira Boulbaroud ◽  
Latifa Didou ◽  
Radia Elgui ◽  
Ahmed Ahami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

The present study investigated the effect of Lepidium sativum L. on Memory and on Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different brain structures among cadmium-exposed rats. Animals were divided into three groups: Control group (T): received a distilled water orally, Cadmium group (Cd): received oral administration dose of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) at 10 mg/kg, Protective group (Cd/LS): received CdCl2 (10mg/kg) and the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum L. (20mg/kg) orally. The Novel Object Recognition Memory Test is used to evaluate the short and long term memory. The measure of AchE activity is realized by Ellman’s method. The results showed that subchronic Cadmium Chloride intoxication at a dose of 10 mg/kg caused a neurobehavioral impairments including: A significant decrease in the index of recognition of short-term (p<0.01) and long-term memory (p <0.05) compared to the control group. In addition, this index increase in the group (Cd/LS) compared to the group intoxicated by CdCl2. A highly significant increase in the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase in hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex (p<0.001) is registered. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum L. may modulate the toxic effect induced by cadmium and consequently improve cognition.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Retrieval from Memory or Procedural Strategies for Addition Problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Fanget ◽  
Catherine Thevenot ◽  
Caroline Castel ◽  
Michel Fayol
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Addition Problem ◽  
Retrieval From Memory ◽  
Calculation Procedures

In this study, we used a paradigm recently developed ( Thevenot, Fanget, & Fayol, 2007 ) to determine whether 10-year-old children solve simple addition problems by retrieval of the answer from long-term memory or by calculation procedures. Our paradigm is unique in that it does not rely on reaction times or verbal reports, which are known to potentially bias the results, especially in children. Rather, it takes advantage of the fact that calculation procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands, so that it is more difficult to recognize them when they have been involved in the solution of an addition problem by calculation rather than by retrieval. The present study sharpens the current conclusions in the literature and shows that, when the sum of addition problems is up to 10, children mainly use retrieval, but when it is greater than 10, they mainly use calculation procedures.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term
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