scholarly journals Gender and Age Related Effects While Watching TV Advertisements: An EEG Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Cartocci ◽  
Patrizia Cherubino ◽  
Dario Rossi ◽  
Enrica Modica ◽  
Anton Giulio Maglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
Cortical Asymmetry

The aim of the present paper is to show how the variation of the EEG frontal cortical asymmetry is related to the general appreciation perceived during the observation of TV advertisements, in particular considering the influence of the gender and age on it. In particular, we investigated the influence of the gender on the perception of a car advertisement (Experiment1) and the influence of the factor age on a chewing gum commercial (Experiment2). Experiment1results showed statistically significant higher approach values for the men group throughout the commercial. Results from Experiment2showed significant lower values by older adults for the spot, containing scenes not very enjoyed by them. In both studies, there was no statistical significant difference in the scene relative to the product offering between the experimental populations, suggesting the absence in our study of a bias towards the specific product in the evaluated populations. These evidences state the importance of the creativity in advertising, in order to attract the target population.

Gender and Age Related Difference in Attitude toward Caring For Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rashmi Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Populous Country

Developing nations in Asia are posed to experience a significant increase in the population of older adults living in their respective societies. Over the coming decades, India, the second most populous country in the entire world, is poised to experience a significant increase in its elder population. As a result there has been increased research on attitudes toward older adults. When one thinks of elder care, one typically thinks of it in terms of one’s own family and country, older adults need family support and family care as well as support from the community. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of gender and age on attitude toward caring for elderly in a culturally diverse country like India. There were 300 participants ranging in age from 25-35, 45-65 and 65+ who took part in the study. It was hypothesized that a) females as compared to males exhibit more favorable attitude toward caring for elderly greater anxiety, b) older respondents in comparison to younger respondents chow more favorable attitude toward caring for elderly. A survey method was used in this study and participants were required to complete the attitude toward caring for elderly scale and also give responses to some single measures items to show attitude toward caring for elderly.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Complications in Different Combinations of Immunosuppressive Therapy After Kidney Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
Zh. Ashimov ◽  
Zh. Gaibyldaev ◽  
D. Abibillaev ◽  
F. Kocyigit
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Mycophenolic Acid ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference

In the length of time, a wide variety of drug combinations emerged in the management of post-transplantation therapy in order to improve the survival of the recipient and graft. However, the efficacy and safety of the applied combinations regarding the rejection and other complications are continuing to be the subject of research. In our study, our aim is to compare the effects of various combinations, namely cyclosporine with mycophenolate mofetil/mofetil mycophenolic acid with prednisolone and tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil/mofetil mycophenolic acid with prednisolone in a length of time. Methods. A total of 204 patients included into the study who received post-renal transplantation treatment in Scientific-Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organs Transplantation and followed-up over a 10-year period. The estimated survival probabilities in the study were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method; whereas intragroup comparisons were evaluated by Log-rang, Breslow, and Tarone-Ware tests. Complications occurred in patients with combinations were analyzed by Chi-square and its alternatives. Hazard risk factors were tested by Cox regression analysis. Results. Of these 204 patients, 36 received Cyclosporin combination (CCG) and 168 Tacrolimus combination (TCG). The estimated life expectancy of the patients of TCG was significantly longer than the CCG ones. Furthermore, gender and age did not have a significant effect on survival depending on time, however, gender and age-related hazard factor showed a significant difference in the groups. It was determined that chronic rejection was significantly different in patients who used tacrolimus combinations, the difference was close to the significant value in acute rejection analysis. Other adverse events, namely, infection, tumour and organ damage were statistically less common in the patient group treated with tacrolimus combinations. Conclusion. In general, TCG showed better results in contrast to CCG.

scholarly journals Effect of Speaker Age on Speech Recognition and Perceived Listening Effort in Older Adults With Hearing Loss

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan J. McAuliffe ◽  
Phillipa J. Wilding ◽  
Natalie A. Rickard ◽  
Greg A. O'Beirne
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose Older adults exhibit difficulty understanding speech that has been experimentally degraded. Age-related changes to the speech mechanism lead to natural degradations in signal quality. We tested the hypothesis that older adults with hearing loss would exhibit declines in speech recognition when listening to the speech of older adults, compared with the speech of younger adults, and would report greater amounts of listening effort in this task. Method Nineteen individuals with age-related hearing loss completed speech recognition and listening effort scaling tasks. Both were conducted in quiet, when listening to high- and low-predictability phrases produced by younger and older speakers, respectively. Results No significant difference in speech recognition existed when stimuli were derived from younger or older speakers. However, perceived effort was significantly higher when listening to speech from older adults, as compared with younger adults. Conclusions For older individuals with hearing loss, natural degradations in signal quality may require greater listening effort. However, they do not interfere with speech recognition—at least in quiet. Follow-up investigation of the effect of speaker age on speech recognition and listening effort under more challenging noise conditions appears warranted.

scholarly journals EXCLUSION SPOTTER: APPLYING ADVANCES IN AI TO IDENTIFY AGEISM IN ONLINE JOB POSTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S763-S763
Author(s):  
Nicola Palmarini ◽  
Lee Martie ◽  
Mattie F Wasiak ◽  
Gaoyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Job Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
The World

Abstract The landscape in which employers and candidates interact is changing as more job adverts are pushed online. Employment platforms (e.g., Indeed and LinkedIn) are now among the primary mechanisms for job posting, job search, and initial negotiations. Through such job platforms, a single job advert can now reach millions of people around the world. This exposure of a job advert has obvious benefits for the employer, but this exposure also has the power to alienate and exclude large portions of society. In particular, the word choice of a single job advert can, perhaps unintentionally, exclude thousands of people by their personal traits (e.g., gender or race). Age is a particular trait that garners more attention as ageism is often cited in the literature as going overlooked, not understood, and generally escaping social awareness. To begin tackling this problem, with the purpose of supporting older adults and enabling their contribution to society, we applied advances in AI to create a tool, called Exclusion Spotter, that gives feedback to recruiters and employers on which words in their advert are possibly excluding people by age. We applied Exclusion Spotter to 3660 job adverts, clustered by 372 job titles. We found a significant difference (p=.02) in the number of age-related words for engineering related positions versus all other job titles. Among 47 engineering related titles we matched 47.37 age related words per title and 2.8 per advert. Among the other 325 titles we matched 24.37 age related words per title and 2.1 per advert.

scholarly journals Stimulus Specific to Age-Related Audio-Visual Integration in Discrimination Tasks

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 204166952097841
Author(s):  
Yanna Ren ◽  
Zhihan Xu ◽  
Sa Lu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Weiping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Visual Integration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Age-related audio-visual integration (AVI) has been investigated extensively; however, AVI ability is either enhanced or reduced with ageing, and this matter is still controversial because of the lack of systematic investigations. To remove possible variates, 26 older adults and 26 younger adults were recruited to conduct meaningless and semantic audio-visual discrimination tasks to assess the ageing effect of AVI systematically. The results for the mean response times showed a significantly faster response to the audio-visual (AV) target than that to the auditory (A) or visual (V) target and a significantly faster response to all targets by the younger adults than that by the older adults (A, V, and AV) in all conditions. In addition, a further comparison of the differences between the probability of audio-visual cumulative distributive functions (CDFs) and race model CDFs showed delayed AVI effects and a longer time window for AVI in older adults than that in younger adults in all conditions. The AVI effect was lower in older adults than that in younger adults during simple meaningless image discrimination (63.0 ms vs. 108.8 ms), but the findings were inverse during semantic image discrimination (310.3 ms vs. 127.2 ms). In addition, there was no significant difference between older and younger adults during semantic character discrimination (98.1 ms vs. 117.2 ms). These results suggested that AVI ability was impaired in older adults, but a compensatory mechanism was established for processing sematic audio-visual stimuli.

scholarly journals Effect of Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Health and Sleep-Wake Rhythms in Aging Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xia Xu ◽  
Guo-Ying Liu ◽  
Qian Jiang ◽  
Han-Qi Bi ◽  
Shi-Chan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Aging, an irreversible and unavoidable physiological process in all organisms, is often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, and fatigue. Thus, older adults are more likely to experience metabolic symptoms and sleep disturbances than are younger adults. Restricted feeding (RF) is a dietary regimen aimed at improving metabolic health and extending longevity, as well as reorganizing sleep-wake cycles. However, the potential of RF to improve metabolic health and sleep quality in older adults who are known to show a tendency toward increased weight gain and decreased sleep is unknown. To elucidate this issue, aged mice were assigned to an RF protocol during the active phase for 2 h per day for 2 weeks. Sleep-wake cycles were recorded during the RF regime in RF group and control mice. At the end of this period, body weight and blood biochemistry profiles, including blood glucose, cholesterol, and enzyme activity, in addition to dopamine concentrations in the brain, were measured in the RF group and age-matched controls. RF for 2 weeks improved the metabolic health of aged mice by reducing their body weights and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. At the beginning of the RF regime, sleep decreased in the dark period but not in the light period. After stable food entrainment was achieved (7 days post-RF commencement), the amount of time spent in wakefulness during the light period dramatically increased for 2 h before food availability, thereby increasing the mean duration of awake episodes and decreasing the number of wakefulness episodes. There was no significant difference in the sleep-wake time during the dark period in the RF group, with similar total amounts of wakefulness and sleep in a 24-h period to those of the controls. During the RF regime, dopamine levels in the midbrain increased in the RF group, pointing to its potential as the mechanism mediating metabolic symptoms and sleep-wake regulation during RF. In conclusion, our study suggested that RF during aging might prohibit or delay the onset of age-related diseases by improving metabolic health, without having a severe deleterious effect on sleep.

scholarly journals Intravitreal Injections in Arc Sterile Setting: Safety Profile after More Than 10,000 Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
Vito Bini ◽  
Annalisa Nacucchi ◽  
Francesco Boscia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Operation Theatre ◽  
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up

Purpose. To report the occurrence of endophthalmitis and other complications after intravitreal injections (IVIs) in the Arc Sterile setting. Methods. A retrospective study that enrolled all patients who underwent IVIs between November 2017 and March 2019, collecting data about the patient’s gender and age, type of injected drug, diagnosis, other ocular pathologies, physician and possible occurrence of endophthalmitis, or other complications. Results. Ten thousand and eighty-three IVIs were performed during the study period, involving 2014 eyes of 1,670 patients with an average age of 71.37 ± 11.63 years. The injected drugs included ranibizumab (54.6%), aflibercept (38.0%), dexamethasone (6.7%), pegaptanib (0.3%), bevacizumab (0.4%), and ocriplasmin (0.01%). The diagnosis included neovascular age-related macular degeneration (859), myopic choroidal neovascularization (154), diabetic macular edema (576), retinal vein occlusion (203), and miscellaneus diagnosis (222). No cases of endophthalmitis were recorded. One hundred and sixty-nine cases of ocular hypertension were detected, while the most frequent complication was subconjunctival hemorrhage, identified after 1,180 IVIs. The residents performed over 80% of IVIs, but there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of complications between the residents group and consultants group. Conclusions. Arc Sterile seems to be a safe setting in which IVIs can be carried out, regarding infective risk, and it is easy to set up compared to operation theatre and useful to improve intravitreal injections governance.

scholarly journals AGE DYNAMICS OF WINGATE TEST PARAMETERS IN YOUNG ATHLETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
K Mekhdieva ◽  
A Zakharova ◽  
M Vladelshchikova ◽  
V Timokhina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Testing the speed-strength abilities in children and adolescents is a valuable tool of moni­toring the development of the most important physical qualities in sports. This test enables adjusting physical training to sensitive periods, identifying the degree of inherited sports talent, as well as a predisposition to the type of sport or sports discipline. Aim. The purpose of the work was to determine the average group results of Wingate test in children and adolescents and to identify the age-related dynamics of speed-strength abilities. Materials and methods. The study was conducted according to the standard Wingate protocol for a cycle ergometer. The obtained data on peak power (PP) and time to peak (tpp) of 370 athletes aged from 7 to 16 years were analyzed. Results. The results showed that no gender and age difference in PP was registered in children from 9 to 11 years (PP/kg – 8.42 ± 1.56 W/kg). The annual increase in PP/kg in boys was as follows: 11–12 years old – 7.53%, 12–13 years old – 17.7%, 13–14 years old – 10.34%. Relative PP in 14 year-old male athletes was 11.74 ± 2.15 W/kg, in 15 – 11.76 ± 1.56 W/kg and 16 year-olds – 12.2 ± 1.39 W/kg, with no significant difference. Relative PP in 14 and 15 year-old females (9.66 ± 2.12 W/kg and 9.88 ± 1.37 W/kg, respectively) was significantly lower than in males. Along with this no significant difference of PP/kg between 16 year-old males and females was established. Conclusion. The article proposes the criteria for evaluating speed-strength in athletes from 9 to 16 years based on the results of Wingate testing.

scholarly journals Dependency as Status: Older Adults’ Presentations of Self as Recipients of Care

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402096359
Author(s):  
Virpi Timonen ◽  
Luciana Lolich
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supportive Family

We draw on Bourdieu’s and Goffman’s theories to elaborate the novel idea of dependency as status in old age, a concept that emerged from our Grounded Theory study conducted with 46 older adults (26 women and 20 men) living in and around Dublin, Ireland. The research participants’ portrayals of (in)dependence and assistance reflected their access to and use of social and symbolic (age) capital. Older adults derived social capital from supportive family relations or trusting relationships with formal care providers, and deployed such capital to signal their status as “cared for” individuals. Age capital—constructions of deservingness drawing on advanced age, age-related disabilities, and lifelong contributions—was used by older adults to frame and justify acceptance of help. We argue that where older adults are able to draw on age capital or social capital, they can signal their position as “cared for” individuals who display and acknowledge their dependency, and transform it into a marker of status. Conversely, some participants were keen to present themselves as independent. These participants made downward comparisons with others whom they saw as “worse off” or, in their view, as insufficiently responsible for their own health and well-being. In the contemporary Western frame, dependency is to be avoided at all costs, but we argue that some older people are able to embrace dependency in a way that reflects and demonstrates their status and agency. Care professionals and members of informal networks can make a significant difference to older persons’ acceptance of help, care, and support by offering services in a manner that affirms the care recipients’ worth and agency.

scholarly journals Impact of Instructions on the Positivity Effect in Younger and Older Adults’ Autobiographical Memories

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Karen Siedlecki ◽  
Jillian Minahan ◽  
Neshat Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The positivity effect (PE) refers to age-related enhancement in memory for positive information or decreased memory for negative information. The PE is thought to be the result of age-associated shifts in motivational goals towards enhancing well-being. Research has demonstrated the PE in laboratory settings, and a meta-analysis showed that the PE was most robust in conditions with fewer instructions/constraints (Reed et al., 2014). Findings related to the PE in autobiographical memory (AM) are mixed. Goals of the current study include examining 1) whether the PE was evident across four increasingly restrictive AM conditions (involuntary AMs, voluntary AM with no constraints, voluntary AM within a specific time frame, voluntary AM within a specific time frame and related to a specific cue word), and 2) whether available cognitive resources (assessed with the Stroop task and a trail-making test) influence the PE, since cognitive control is essential for achieving goals. Participants (N=126) completed the shortened Memory Experiences Questionnaire for each memory, which assesses several phenomenological characteristics, including memory valence. There were no significant differences in memory valence between the younger (n=69, ages 18-34) and older adult (n=57; ages 60-85) groups for involuntary AMs or the less constrained voluntary AMs, but there was a significant difference for the most constrained AM wherein older adults rated their AMs as more positive than younger adults. Performance on cognitive control measures did not influence the AM valence. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of type of stimuli and instructions when studying the PE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document