scholarly journals The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathomechanism of the Age-Related Ocular Diseases and Other Pathologies of the Anterior and Posterior Eye Segments in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nita ◽  
Andrzej Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) form under normal physiological conditions and may have both beneficial and harmful role. We search the literature and current knowledge in the aspect of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of anterior and posterior eye segment diseases in adults. ROS take part in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, stimulating apoptosis of corneal cells. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma stimulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways on the level of the trabecular meshwork and promoting retinal ganglion cells apoptosis and glial dysfunction in the posterior eye segment. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and traumatic optic neuropathy. ROS induce apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. ROS promote apoptosis of vascular and neuronal cells and stimulate inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in the course of diabetic retinopathy. ROS are associated with the pathophysiological parainflammation and autophagy process in the course of the age-related macular degeneration.

scholarly journals Proteome and Secretome Dynamics of Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium in Response to Acute and Chronic ROS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Meyer ◽  
Thelma Garcia ◽  
Birgit Schilling ◽  
Bradford W. Gibson ◽  
Deepak A. Lamba
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Retinal Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pigmented Epithelium

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, and is characterized by slow retinal degeneration linked to chronic oxidative stress in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The exact molecular mechanisms that lead to RPE death and dysfunction in response to chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are still unclear. In this work, human stem cell-derived RPE samples were treated with a low dose of paraquat (PQ) for 1 week or 3 weeks to induce chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Cells were then harvested and both the intracellular and secreted RPE proteomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. Inside the RPE, chronic ROS caused concerted increase of glycolytic proteins but decreased mitochondrial proteins, as well as decreased extracellular matrix proteins and membrane proteins required for endocytosis. From the secreted proteins, we found that stressed RPE secrete over 1,000 detectable proteins, and the composition of the proteins secreted from RPE changes due to chronic ROS. Notably, secreted APOE is decreased 4-fold due to 3 weeks of chronic ROS stress, and urotensin-II, the strongest known vasoconstrictor, doubles. Further, secreted TGF-beta is increased, and its cognate signaler BMP1 decreased in the secretome. Together, these alterations of the RPE proteome and protein secretome paint a detailed molecular picture of the retinal stress response in space and time.

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: a review of their role in ocular disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (24) ◽  
pp. 2865-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawson Ung ◽  
Ushasree Pattamatta ◽  
Nicole Carnt ◽  
Jennifer L. Wilkinson-Berka ◽  
Gerald Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related

For many years, oxidative stress arising from the ubiquitous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. While emerging research has provided some evidence of the important physiological role of ROS in normal cell function, disease may arise where the concentration of ROS exceeds and overwhelms the body’s natural defence against them. Additionally, ROS may induce genomic aberrations which affect cellular homoeostasis and may result in disease. This literature review examines the current evidence for the role of oxidative stress in important ocular diseases with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets for future study. The need is particularly pressing in developing treatments for conditions which remain notoriously difficult to treat, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage of Retinal Neurons: Drug Development Targets for Therapies of Chronic Neurodegeneration of the Retina

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Rohowetz ◽  
Jacob Kraus ◽  
Peter Koulen
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Levels

The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals produced at low levels as a result of normal cellular metabolism that are ultimately metabolized and detoxified by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. In the presence of oxidative cellular stress, ROS are produced in excess, resulting in cellular injury and death and ultimately leading to tissue and organ dysfunction. Recent studies have investigated the role of excess ROS in the pathogenesis and development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Findings from these studies are promising insofar as they provide clear rationales for innovative treatment and prevention strategies of these prevalent and disabling diseases where currently therapeutic options are limited. Here, we briefly outline recent developments that have contributed to our understanding of the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. We then examine and analyze the peer-reviewed evidence in support of ROS as targets for therapy development in the area of chronic neurodegeneration of the retina.

scholarly journals Proteome and Secretome Dynamics of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Response to Reactive Oxygen Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Meyer ◽  
Thelma Y. Garcia ◽  
Birgit Schilling ◽  
Bradford W. Gibson ◽  
Deepak A. Lamba
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, and is characterized by slow retinal degeneration linked to chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The molecular mechanisms leading to RPE dysfunction in response to ROS are unclear. Here, human stem cell-derived RPE samples were stressed with ROS for 1 or 3 weeks, and both intracellular and secreted proteomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. ROS increased glycolytic proteins but decreased mitochondrial complex I subunits, as well as membrane proteins required for endocytosis. RPE secreted over 1,000 proteins, many of which changed significantly due to ROS. Notably, secreted APOE is decreased 4-fold, and urotensin-II, the strongest known vasoconstrictor, doubled. Furthermore, secreted TGF-beta is increased, and its cognate signaler BMP1 decreased in the secretome. Together, our results paint a detailed molecular picture of the retinal stress response in space and time.

scholarly journals Evidence for Detrimental Cross Interactions between Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micol Falabella ◽  
Elena Forte ◽  
Maria Chiara Magnifico ◽  
Paolo Santini ◽  
Marzia Arese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Leber’S Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Here we have collected evidence suggesting that chronic changes in the NO homeostasis and the rise of reactive oxygen species bioavailability can contribute to cell dysfunction in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients. We report that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), derived from a female LHON patient with bilateral reduced vision and carrying the pathogenic mutation 11778/ND4, display increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as revealed by flow cytometry, fluorometric measurements of nitrite/nitrate, and 3-nitrotyrosine immunodetection. Moreover, viability assays with the tetrazolium dye MTT showed that lymphoblasts from the same patient are more sensitive to prolonged NO exposure, leading to cell death. Taken together these findings suggest that oxidative and nitrosative stress cooperatively play an important role in driving LHON pathology when excess NO remains available over time in the cell environment.

scholarly journals Role of Resveratrol in Transmitochondrial AMD RPE Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Sonali Nashine ◽  
Anthony B. Nesburn ◽  
Baruch D. Kuppermann ◽  
Maria Cristina Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Patient Cell

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, stilbenoid compound with antioxidant properties attributable to its bioactive trans-resveratrol content. This study characterized the effects of over-the-counter (OTC) resveratrol nutritional supplements and a HPLC-purified resveratrol formulation, in human transmitochondrial age-related macular degeneration (AMD) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) patient cell lines. These cell lines, which were created by fusing blood platelets obtained from dry and wet AMD patients with mitochondria-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells, had identical nuclei (derived from ARPE-19 cells) but different mitochondria that were derived from AMD patients. After resveratrol treatment, the levels of cell viability and reactive oxygen species production were measured. Results demonstrated that treatment with different resveratrol formulations improved cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species generation in each AMD patient cell line. Although further studies are required to establish the cytoprotective potential of resveratrol under different physiological conditions, this novel study established the positive effects of OTC resveratrol supplements in macular degeneration patient cybrid cell lines in vitro.

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