scholarly journals Acute Exercise and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Anne Douglas ◽  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
Jan Maria Atkinson ◽  
Vahid Sari-Sarraf ◽  
David John Stensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Mean Differences

In lean individuals, acute aerobic exercise is reported to transiently suppress sensations of appetite, suppress blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin (AG), and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY). Findings in overweight/obese individuals have yet to be synthesised. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects that acute exercise has on AG and total PYY and GLP-1 in overweight/obese individuals. The potential for body mass index (BMI) to act as a moderator for AG was also explored. Six published studies (73 participants, 78% male, mean BMI: 30.6 kg·m−2) met the inclusion criteria. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and standard errors were extracted for AG and total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations in control and exercise trials and synthesised using a random effects meta-analysis model. BMI was the predictor in metaregression for AG. Exercise moderately suppressed AG area-under-the-curve concentrations (pooled SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.53 to −0.15). The magnitude of this reduction was greater for higher mean BMIs (pooled metaregression slope: −0.04 SMD/kg·m−2 (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.00)). Trivial SMDs were obtained for total PYY (0.10, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.31) and GLP-1 (−0.03, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.13). This indicates that exercise in overweight/obese individuals moderately alters AG in a direction that could be associated with decreased hunger and energy intake. This trial is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42014006265.

Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. G752-G763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruze Y. Enç ◽  
Neşe I˙meryüz ◽  
Levent Akin ◽  
Turgut Turoğlu ◽  
Fuat Dede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Absorption ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

We investigated the effect of acarbose, an α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitor, on gastric emptying of solid meals of varying nutrient composition and plasma responses of gut hormones. Gastric emptying was determined with scintigraphy in healthy subjects, and all studies were performed with and without 100 mg of acarbose, in random order, at least 1 wk apart. Acarbose did not alter the emptying of a carbohydrate-free meal, but it delayed emptying of a mixed meal and a carbohydrate-free meal given 2 h after sucrose ingestion. In meal groups with carbohydrates, acarbose attenuated responses of plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) while augmenting responses of CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY). With mixed meal + acarbose, area under the curve (AUC) of gastric emptying was positively correlated with integrated plasma response of GLP-1 ( r = 0.68 , P < 0.02). With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal. The results demonstrate that acarbose delays gastric emptying of solid meals and augments release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY mainly by retarding/inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. Augmented GLP-1 release by acarbose appears to play a major role in the inhibition of gastric emptying of a mixed meal, whereas CCK and PYY may have contributory roles.

scholarly journals Acute effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin R. Freeland ◽  
Thomas M. S. Wolever
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Factor Α

In animals, colonic infusion of SCFA does not affect glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release whereas intravenous infusion does and SCFA may directly stimulate peptide YY (PYY) release. It is unknown whether SCFA and their route of administration affect human blood concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study to determine the effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on blood concentrations of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin, adiponectin and TNF-α in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects. Six hyperinsulinaemic female subjects were given 20 mmol sodium acetate intravenously, 60 mmol acetate rectally, or normal saline rectally or intravenously on four separate occasions in randomised order, with blood samples collected at 0, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Change in plasma PYY was significantly higher after acetate and rectal infusions (9·69 and 13·78 pg/ml) compared with saline and intravenous (0·60 and − 3·1 pg/ml; P < 0·01), respectively. Change in plasma GLP-1 was increased by rectal and acetate infusions (0·25 and 0·23 mmol/l) v. intravenous and saline ( − 0·26 and − 0·19 mmol/l; P < 0·01). Acetate decreased TNF-α v. saline ( − 0·8 and 0·15 pg/ml; P < 0·05). Rectal infusions increased TNF-α and ghrelin (0·2 and 98·27 pg/ml) v. intravenous ( − 0·9 and − 40 pg/ml; P < 0·01). There was no effect of treatment on plasma adiponectin. These preliminary results suggest that acetate raises plasma PYY and GLP-1, and suppresses TNF-α. Also, distending the rectum increases PYY, GLP-1, TNF-α and ghrelin in hyperinsulinaemic females. Increasing colonic fermentation products, particularly acetate, could yield a new mechanism for modifying weight gain.

scholarly journals Chilled Potatoes Decrease Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Compared to Boiled Potatoes in Females with Elevated Fasting Glucose and Insulin

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy A Patterson ◽  
Joy Nolte Fong ◽  
Madhura Maiya ◽  
Stephanie Kung ◽  
Araz Sarkissian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Insulinotropic Peptide ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Resistant starch (RS) has been shown to improve postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. RS is found naturally in potatoes, where the amount varies based on cooking method and serving temperature. Thirty females with a mean BMI of 32.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2, fasting glucose of 110.5 mg/dL, and insulin of 10.3 µIU/L, completed this randomized, crossover study. A quantity of 250 g of boiled (low RS) and baked then chilled (high RS) russet potatoes were consumed on two separate occasions. Glycemic (glucose and insulin) and incretin response, subjective satiety, and dietary intake were measured. Results showed that the chilled potato elicited significant reductions at 15 and 30 min in glucose (4.8% and 9.2%), insulin (25.8% and 22.6%), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (41.1% and 37.6%), respectively. The area under the curve for insulin and GIP were significantly lower after the chilled potato, but no differences were seen in glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide YY, or overall subjective satiety. A higher carbohydrate and glycemic index but lower fat diet was consumed 48-hours following the chilled potato than the boiled potato. This study demonstrates that consuming chilled potatoes higher in RS can positively impact the glycemic response in females with elevated fasting glucose and insulin.

974-P: Network Meta-analysis of Once Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Focus on Cardiovascular Safety and Mortality

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 974-P
Author(s):  
OSAMAH ALFAYEZ ◽  
OMAR A. ALMOHAMMED ◽  
OMAR ALKHEZI ◽  
MAJED S. AL YAMI
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Safety ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

scholarly journals Association between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis and their correlation with disease severity: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052110023
Author(s):  
Qian Zou ◽  
Jiawei Si ◽  
Yatao Guo ◽  
Jiayu Yu ◽  
Huijuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Objective To determine the association between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis and to evaluate the correlation between serum visfatin levels and the severity of psoriasis. Methods The electronic databases PubMed®, Embase® and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from inception to 1 May 2020. Data were extracted and then standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for pooled estimates. Results A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included (448 patients diagnosed with psoriasis and 377 controls). This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with psoriasis had significantly higher levels of visfatin than the controls (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.52, 1.28). Subgroup analyses showed that differences in serum visfatin levels between the patient group and the control group were associated with ethnicity, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body mass index. Additionally, a meta-analysis of correlations showed that visfatin levels in patients with psoriasis were positively correlated with PASI ( r = 0.51, 95% CI 0.14, 0.75). Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that serum visfatin levels in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher than those in the controls and a positive correlation between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis severity was observed.

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