scholarly journals Diabetic Retinal and Choroidal Edema in SDT Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Toyoda ◽  
Yoshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Machiko Shimmura ◽  
Nozomi Kinoshita ◽  
Hiroko Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Diabetic Choroidopathy ◽  
The Mean

We evaluated the features of diabetic retinal and choroidal edema in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. We measured the retinal and choroidal thicknesses in normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=9)and SDT rats(n=8). The eyes were enucleated 40 weeks later after they were diagnosed with diabetes, and 4-micron sections were cut for conventional histopathologic studies. The mean retinal and choroidal thicknesses were significantly thicker in the SDT rats than in the normal SD rats. The choroidal thickness was correlated strongly with the retinal thickness in both rat models. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic choroidopathy appeared as edema in the SDT rats. The retinal thickness was correlated strongly with the choroidal thickness in the SDT rats, which is an ideal animal model of both DR and choroidopathy.

scholarly journals Diabetic Cataract in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kasumi Kikuchi ◽  
Miyuki Murata ◽  
Kousuke Noda ◽  
Satoru Kase ◽  
Yoshiaki Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
And Control

Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat is a novel animal model of type 2 diabetes with obesity. SDT fatty rats develop hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and other diabetic complications including ocular disorders; however, diabetic cataract formation in SDT fatty rats has not been fully investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the characteristics of cataract in the SDT fatty rats. The mean body weight of SDT fatty rats is larger than that of age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and control animals until 8 weeks of age, and thereafter the growing speed decreased until the end of observation at 16 weeks of age. Blood glucose levels in SDT fatty rats were significantly higher than those in SD rats throughout the observational period. Slit-lamp examination revealed that no rats showed cataract formation at 5 weeks of age; however, SDT fatty rats gradually developed cortical cataract and posterior subcapsular cataract, both of which are the common types of cataract in patients with type 2 diabetes. The levels of glucose, sorbitol, and fructose were higher in the lens tissues of SDT fatty rats in comparison with that of SD rats. Furthermore, the level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was higher in the lens of SDT fatty rats than in that of SD rats. By contrast, total glutathione (GSH) concentration was lower in the lens of SDT fatty rats than in that of SD rats. The present study demonstrated that the cataractogenesis in SDT fatty rats resembled human diabetic cataract formation, indicating that SDT fatty rats serve as a potential animal model in researches on human cataract associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Pathological Features of Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Rina Takagi ◽  
Takeshi Ohta ◽  
Tomohiko Sasase ◽  
Mina Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Retinal Folds

Objective. The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, established by introducing the fa allele (obesity gene) of the Zucker fatty rat into the SDT rat genome, is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. We studied the pathologic features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in this animal. Methods. The eyes of SDT fatty, SDT (controls), and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (normal controls) were enucleated at 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 weeks of age (n=5‐6 for each rat type at each age). The retinal thicknesses, numbers of retinal folds, and choroidal thicknesses were evaluated. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed. Quantitative analyses of the immunopositive regions were performed using a cell-counting algorithm. Results. The retinas tended to be thicker in the SDT fatty rats and SDT rats than in the SD rats; the choroids tended to be thicker in the SDT fatty rats than in the SD rats. The retinal folds in the SDT fatty rats developed earlier and were more severe than in the SDT rats. Quantitative analyses showed that the GFAP- and VEGF-positive regions in the retinas of the SDT fatty rats were significantly larger than those of the SDT rats. Conclusions. SDT fatty rats developed more severe DR earlier than the SDT rats. The SDT fatty rats might be useful as a type 2 diabetes animal model to study DR.

scholarly journals Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics, Protein Binding, and Elimination of KBP-7072, an Aminomethylcycline Antibiotic, in Animal Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Tan ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Qingmei Liu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Tian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Doses

ABSTRACT KBP-7072 is a semisynthetic aminomethylcycline with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of KBP-7072 after oral and intravenous (i.v.) administrations of single and multiple doses were investigated in animal models, including during fed and fasted states, and the protein binding and excretion characteristics were also evaluated. In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, beagle dogs, and CD-1 mice, KBP-7072 demonstrated a linear PK profile after the administration of single oral and i.v. and multiple oral doses. The oral bioavailability ranged from 12% to 32%. The mean time to maximum concentration (Tmax) ranged from 0.5 to 4 h, and the mean half-life ranged from approximately 6 to 11 h. The administration of oral doses in the fed state resulted in marked reductions in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) compared with dosing in fasted animals. The mean bound fractions of KBP-7072 were 77.5%, 69.8%, 64.5%, 69.3%, and 69.2% in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human plasma, respectively. Following a single 22.5-mg/kg oral dose of KBP-7072 in SD rats, the cumulative excretion in feces was 64% and that in urine was 2.5% of the administered dose. The PK results in animal models are consistent with single- and multiple-ascending-dose studies in healthy volunteers and confirm the suitability of KBP-7072 for once-daily oral and i.v. administration in clinical studies.

scholarly journals Differential Effect of the Dopamine D3 Agonist (±)-7-Hydroxy-2-(N,N-di-n-propylamino) Tetralin (7-OH-DPAT) on Motor Activity between Adult Wistar and Sprague-Dawley Rats after a Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sonia Guzmán-Velázquez ◽  
Linda Garcés-Ramírez ◽  
Gonzalo Flores ◽  
Fidel De La Cruz ◽  
Sergio R. Zamudio
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dopamine D3 ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (nVHL) has been widely used as an animal model for schizophrenia. Rats with an nVHL show several delayed behavioral alterations that mimic some symptoms of schizophrenia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with an nVHL have a decrease in D3 receptors in limbic areas, but the expression of D3 receptors in Wistar (W) rats with an nVHL is unknown. The 7-Hydroxy-2-(N,N-di-n-propylamino) tetralin (7-OH-DPAT) has been reported as a D3-preferring agonist. Thus, we investigated the effect of (±)-7-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg) on the motor activity in male adult W and SD rats after an nVHL. The 7-OH-DPAT caused a decrease in locomotion of W rats with an nVHL, but it did not change the locomotion of SD rats with this lesion. Our results suggest that the differential effect of 7-OH-DPAT between W and SD rats with an nVHL could be caused by a different expression of the D3 receptors. These results may have implications for modeling interactions of genetic and environmental factors involved in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Effect of Ranirestat, a New Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, on Diabetic Retinopathy in SDT Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Toyoda ◽  
Yoshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Ayumi Ota ◽  
Machiko Shimmura ◽  
Nozomi Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Reductase Inhibitor ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aldose Reductase Inhibitor ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of ranirestat, a new aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats.Methods. The animals were divided into six groups, normal Sprague-Dawley rats(n=8), untreated SDT rats(n=9), ranirestat-treated SDT rats (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg/day,n=7, 8, and 6, resp.), and epalrestat-treated SDT rats (100 mg/kg/day,n=7). Treated rats received oral ranirestat or epalrestat once daily for 40 weeks after the onset of diabetes. After the eyes were enucleated, the retinal thickness and the area of stained glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured.Results. The retinas in the untreated group were significantly thicker than those in the normal and ranirestat-treated (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg/day) groups. The immunostained area of GFAP in the untreated group was significantly larger than that in the normal and ranirestat-treated (1.0 and 10 mg/kg/day) groups. There were no significant differences between the untreated group and epalrestat-treated group in the retinal thickness and the area of stained GFAP.Conclusion. Ranirestat reduced the retinal thickness and the area of stained GFAP in SDT rats and might suppress DR and have a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinas.

scholarly journals CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-37
Author(s):  
Amash Aqil ◽  
Muhammad Moin ◽  
Khadijah Abid ◽  
Ahsan Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Macular Thickness ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To evaluate central macular thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy versus controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, from Jan to Jul 2018. Methodology: A retrospective data of 100 eyes from 50 patients having with diabetic macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy was extracted from hospital registry. Additionally, 100 eyes of 50 individuals without any preexisting ocular conditions, comprising a control group was included in the study. Choroidal thickness measurements were made from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction at subfoveal level using optical coherence tomography. Central macular thickness was also measured for all the enrolled patients. Results: One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. The mean age was 56.27 ± 14.41 years. The mean Central macular thickness of all the patients were reported as 270.49 ± 72.38 μm, while the choroidal thickness was 284.89 ± 96.51 μm. There was statistically significant difference in central macular thickness between both healthy and diabetic retinopathy with diabetic macular edema groups (p=0.001), whereas insignificant difference existed between the two groups forchoroidal thickness (p=0.735). Conclusion: In patients with diabetic macular edema no significant change in choroidal thickness was observed compared with healthy controls, while the thickness of the retina was high in patients with macular edema due to diabetes.

scholarly journals A Strategy to Treat COVID-19 Disease with Targeted Delivery of Inhalable Liposomal Hydroxychloroquine: A Non-clinical Pharmacokinetic Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Tzu Tai ◽  
Tzung-Ju Wu ◽  
Huey-Dong Wu ◽  
Yi-Chen Tsai ◽  
Hui-Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Lower Blood

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies. However, lung concentration (6.7 µg/mL) to predict the in vivo antiviral efficacy might not be achievable with the currently proposed oral dosing regimen. Further, a high cumulative doses of HCQ may raise concerns of systemic toxicity, including cardiotoxicity. Here, we described a non-clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a novel formulation of liposomal HCQ administrated by intratracheal (IT) instillation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats which achieved 129.4 µg/g (Cmax) in the lung. Compared to unformulated HCQ administered intravenous (IV), liposomal HCQ with normalized dose showed higher (∼30-fold) lung exposure, longer (∼2.5-fold) half-life in lung, but lower blood exposure with ∼20% of Cmax and 74% of AUC and lower heart exposure with 24% of Cmax and 58% of AUC. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics results in an animal model demonstrate the proof of concept that inhalable liposomal HCQ may provide clinical benefit and serve as a potential treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals A study of therapeutic effects of 670 nm irradiation in different types of diabetic macular edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
S. Ramin ◽  
M. Ahadi ◽  
A. Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Central Retinal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of 670 nm irradiation in patients with diabetic macular edema. In several studies, positive effects of red/near-infrared irradiation showed in a range of ocular diseases such as macular degeneration, macular edema, and retinitis pigmentosa. This study was conducted on forty five eyes of 26 diabetic patients with macular edema between the ages of 51 and 80.Measurement of visual acuity and slit lamp examination, funduscopy, and optical coherence tomography were performed in all subjects. None of the patients had proliferative retinopathy. We used a portable LED device (Warp 10, Quantum Devices) for treatment. Patients held this device at a distance of 3 cm from their eyes for 240 seconds for three months. Full ophthalmic examinations were repeated 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment.After 3 months, the mean visual acuity improved from 0.44 ± 0.38 log MAR to 0.27 ± 0.24 log MAR and vision increased by 1.52 ± 1.16 lines post treatment (р<0.001). The mean central macula thickness decreased from 381.49 ± 144.40 μm to 359.72 ± 128.84 μm (р=0.050). In patients with mild and moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, the mean central retinal thickness decreased 52.06 ± 67.78 μm and 39.27 ± 44.69 μm, respectively, but patients with severe type showed an increase of 34.93 ± 65.65 μm in the mean central retinal thickness (р<0.001). Also, the severity of macular edema had no effect on final outcomes (р>0.05). Photobiomodulation can positively affect diabetic macular edema, especially in patients with mild to moderate diabetic retinopathy.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

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