scholarly journals Application of Optical Spectrophotometry for Analysis of Radiation Spectrum Emitted by Electric Arc in the Air

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kozioł ◽  
Daria Wotzka ◽  
Tomasz Boczar ◽  
Paweł Frącz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Optical Spectrophotometry

This paper presents the results of measurement and analysis of optical radiation emitted by a free burning electric arc. The aim was to determine the application possibilities of optical spectrophotometry for detection of electric arcs. The research works considered electric arc generated with a constant voltage supply between two copper electrodes in the air, carried out under laboratory conditions. A high resolution optical spectrophotometer was used for registration of optical radiation. The analyses involved determination of two dimensionless descriptors obtained for the gathered spectra. Moreover, for each of the registered intensity distributions, the energy values were calculated for three frequency ranges. Based on the measured signals, the possibility of application of spectrophotometry for the optical radiation analysis was confirmed. The analysis indicated that the most energy of optical radiation is detected for the range of 200–780 nm, while above 780 nm almost no optical energy is emitted. Spectrophotometric studies performed in the UV-NIR range are of interest since one can obtain information about the structural defects (at lower wavebands) or impurities and/or point defects (at low energies bands). It was also stated that the obtained descriptors may be applied for diagnosis and identification of electric arc purposes.

scholarly journals Optical Radiation from an Electric Arc at Different Frequencies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Nagi ◽  
Michał Kozioł ◽  
Jarosław Zygarlicki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Optical Spectra ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Light Radiation ◽  
Ac Current

The article presents research on the electric arc generated by AC current at different frequencies. The measurement procedure and system are described. Optical spectra of the generated arc in the air were recorded using a spectrophotometer. Optical spectra for five frequencies were obtained. The article also presents the energy balance of the components of the registered spectrum. The visible changes in the spectra that depend on the frequency of the AC current generating the electric arc can be significant to the diagnostics of gas insulators. The research presented in the article can be used in multiple areas of technology where an electric arc is used. The influence of the frequency of the current supplying the electric arc on the electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the area of light radiation emitted by the electric arc allows for the construction of systems that can shape the desired characteristics of the electric arc.

Determination of the profile of the temperature field of material heated by continuous laser radiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-10
Author(s):  
B.A. Lapshinov ◽  
◽  
N.I. Timchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Continuous Laser ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Continuous Radiation ◽  
Spectral Pyrometry

Spectral pyrometry was used to determine the surface temperature distribution of Si, Nb, Cu, and graphite samples when they were locally heated by continuous radiation of an Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1.064 μm). With prolonged exposure to radiation, a stationary temperature field was established in the samples. The thermal spectra were recorded with a small spectrometer in the visible range in the temperature range above 850 K. The optical fiber used to transmit the radiation spectrum to the spectrometer had an additional diaphragm with a diameter of 1 mm located at a certain distance from the fiber end, which ensured the locality of the recorded spectra. The optical fiber moved continuously along the sample, and the spectrometer recorded up to 100 spectra with a frequency of 5-10 Hz. The temperature profile of the samples was calculated based on the results of processing the spectra using the Spectral Pyrometry program.

Simultaneous Sorption of Chelates of Elements with Organic Reagents on Amberlite XAD-2 as a Preconcentration Step for the Emission Spectrometric Determination of the Elements

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1821-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Jambor ◽  
Tomáš Javorek
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Reagents ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Simultaneous Sorption

The macrophorous hydrophobic sorbent Amberlite XAD-2 proved to be well suited to the preconcentration of minority amounts of Al, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti and V in the form of their chelates with organic reagents. From among 14 reagents tested, 8-hydroxyquinoline and diethyldithiocarbamate appeared most suitable for the quantitative sorption up to level of 1 μg l-1 of analyte. Emission spectrometry served as the analytical finish; the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame, electric arc and inductively coupled argon plasma were chosen according to the nature of the element. The procedure is convenient for the determination of the minority analytes in waters

THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF TRIPLE CORRELATIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Heavy Particle ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
True Solution ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Triple Correlation ◽  
Measurement And Analysis

The measurement and analysis of the intensity–direction correlation of gamma rays emitted in cascade following heavy-particle capture are treated. A procedure is discussed which is based upon the expansion of the triple-correlation intensity in terms of the set of angular functions orthogonal over the space of the emission (or absorption) directions. This is in contrast to the usual method which expresses the correlation in terms of Legendre polynomials. In the analysis procedure proposed, the population parameters are found directly from the original data, with the gamma-radiation mixing ratios assigned. The least-squares equations representing the best fit to the data contain the population parameters linearly and are solved by a standard computer program which also gives the value of χ2. The true solution is then found by varying the mixing ratios until a minimum in χ2 is reached. In addition to the determination of the population parameters of the decaying state and the mixing ratios of the gamma rays in the cascade, the calculation of the error matrix of these quantities, and the calculation of the formation parameters in simple capture, are described.

Measurement and analysis of species distribution in laser-induced ablation plasma of an aluminum-magnesium alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiao Wang ◽  
Shuqing Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Maogen Su ◽  
Duixiong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Integral Intensity ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Ablation Plasma ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Differential Imaging

Abstract We proposed a theoretical spatio-temporal imaging method, which was based on the thermal model of laser ablation and the two-dimensional axisymmetric multi-species hydrodynamics model. By using the intensity formula, the integral intensity of spectral lines could be calculated and the corresponding images of intensity distribution could be drawn. Through further image processing such as normalization, determination of minimum intensity, combination and color filtering, a relatively clear species distribution image in the plasma could be obtained. Using the above method, we simulated the plasma ablated from Al-Mg alloy by different laser energies under 1 atm argon, and obtained the theoretical spatio-temporal distributions of Mg I, Mg II, Al I, Al II and Ar I species, which are almost consistent with the experimental results by differential imaging. Compared with the experimental decay time constants, the consistency is higher at low laser energy, indicating that our theoretical model is more suitable for the plasma dominated by laser-supported combustion wave.

scholarly journals SPECTROSCOPY PECULIARITIES OF ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA WITH IRON VAPOURS

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
A. Murmantsev ◽  
A. Veklich ◽  
V. Boretskij
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Electric Arc Discharge

This work is devoted to spectroscopy peculiarities of electric arc discharge plasma with iron vapours. The solution of the main issue of optical emission spectroscopy, namely, selection of iron spectral lines, to study the parameters of non-uniform and non-steady-state plasma source, was considered within this paper. Specifically, the Boltzmann plots technique was used for detailed analysing of application possibility of Fe I spectral lines as well as for determination of plasma temperature. The spatial profiles of selected spectral line emission intensities were used to measure the radial distributions of plasma temperature of free-burning arc discharge between consumable electrodes at 3.5 A.

scholarly journals Energy Distribution of Optical Radiation Emitted by Electrical Discharges in Insulating Liquids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kozioł
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
Insulating Liquids ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Surface Discharges ◽  
Optical Spectrophotometry ◽  
Natural Ester

This article presents the results of the analysis of energy distribution of optical radiation emitted by electrical discharges in insulating liquids, such as synthetic ester, natural ester, and mineral oil. The measurements of optical radiation were carried out on a system of needle–needle type electrodes and on a system for surface discharges, which were immersed in brand new insulating liquids. Optical radiation was recorded using optical spectrophotometry method. On the basis of the obtained results, potential possibilities of using the analysis of the energy distribution of optical radiation as an additional descriptor for the recognition of individual sources of electric discharges were indicated. The results can also be used in the design of various types of detectors, as well as high-voltage diagnostic systems and arc protection systems.

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