scholarly journals A Single Bout of Fasting (24 h) Reduces Basal Cytokine Expression and Minimally Impacts the Sterile Inflammatory Response in the White Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight F344 Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Speaker ◽  
Madeline M. Paton ◽  
Stewart S. Cox ◽  
Monika Fleshner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
F344 Rats

Sterile inflammation occurs when inflammatory proteins are increased in blood and tissues by nonpathogenic states and is a double-edged sword depending on its cause (stress, injury, or disease), duration (transient versus chronic), and inflammatory milieu. Short-term fasting can exert a host of health benefits through unknown mechanisms. The following experiment tested if a 24 h fast would modulate basal and stress-evoked sterile inflammation in plasma and adipose. Adult male F344 rats were either randomized toad libitumaccess to food or fasted for 24 h prior to 0 (control), 10, or 100, 1.5 mA-5 s intermittent, inescapable tail shocks (IS). Glucose, nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), insulin, leptin, and corticosterone were measured in plasma and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in plasma, and subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and visceral compartments of white adipose tissue (WAT). In control rats, a 24 h fast reduced all measured basal cytokines in plasma and visceral WAT, IL-1βand IL-6 in subcutaneous WAT, and IL-6 in intraperitoneal WAT. In stressed rats (IS), fasting reduced visceral WAT TNF-α, subcutaneous WAT IL-1β, and plasma insulin and leptin. Short-term fasting may thus prove to be a useful dietary strategy for reducing peripheral inflammatory states associated with visceral obesity and chronic stress.

scholarly journals Obesity-induced DNA released from adipocytes stimulates chronic adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e1501332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nishimoto ◽  
Daiju Fukuda ◽  
Yasutomi Higashikuni ◽  
Kimie Tanaka ◽  
Yoichiro Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Macrophage Accumulation

Obesity stimulates chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, which is associated with insulin resistance, although the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we showed that obesity-related adipocyte degeneration causes release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which promotes macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), originally known as a sensor of exogenous DNA fragments. Fat-fed obese wild-type mice showed increased release of cfDNA, as determined by the concentrations of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in plasma. cfDNA released from degenerated adipocytes promoted monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in wild-type macrophages, but not in TLR9-deficient (Tlr9−/−) macrophages. Fat-fed Tlr9−/− mice demonstrated reduced macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue and better insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type mice, whereas bone marrow reconstitution with wild-type bone marrow restored the attenuation of insulin resistance observed in fat-fed Tlr9−/− mice. Administration of a TLR9 inhibitory oligonucleotide to fat-fed wild-type mice reduced the accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue and improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, in humans, plasma ssDNA level was significantly higher in patients with computed tomography–determined visceral obesity and was associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which is the index of insulin resistance. Our study may provide a novel mechanism for the development of sterile inflammation in adipose tissue and a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Cold-induced lipid dynamics and transcriptional programs in white adipose tissue

BMC Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziye Xu ◽  
Wenjing You ◽  
Yanbing Zhou ◽  
Wentao Chen ◽  
Yizhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lipid Dynamics ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background In mammals, cold exposure induces browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and alters WAT gene expression and lipid metabolism to boost adaptive thermogenesis and maintain body temperature. Understanding the lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles of WAT upon cold exposure provides insights into the adaptive changes associated with this process. Results Here, we applied mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to provide a comprehensive resource for describing the lipidomic or transcriptome profiles in cold-induced inguinal WAT (iWAT). We showed that short-term (3-day) cold exposure induces browning of iWAT, increases energy expenditure, and results in loss of body weight and fat mass. Lipidomic analysis shows that short-term cold exposure leads to dramatic changes of the overall composition of lipid classes WAT. Notably, cold exposure induces significant changes in the acyl-chain composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs), as well as the levels of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in iWAT. RNA-seq and qPCR analysis suggests that short-term cold exposure alters the expression of genes and pathways involved in fatty acid elongation, and the synthesis of TAGs, sphingolipids, and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the cold-induced lipid dynamics and gene expression pathways in iWAT are contrary to those previously observed in metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging, suggesting beneficial effects of cold-induced WAT browning on health and lifespan. Conclusion We described the significant alterations in the composition of glyphospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids and expression of genes involved in thermogenesis, fatty acid elongation, and fatty acid metabolism during the response of iWAT to short-term cold exposure. We also found that some changes in the levels of specific lipid species happening after cold treatment of iWAT are negatively correlated to metabolic diseases, including obesity and T2D.

scholarly journals Buenos Aires, June 2021 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission by Drp-1 Blockade by Short-Term Leptin and Mdvi-1 Treatment Improves White Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Obesity and Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Finocchietto ◽  
Hernán Perez ◽  
Guillermo Blanco ◽  
Verónica Miksztowicz ◽  
Clarisa Marotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Background. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are chronic diseases characterized by insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology abnormalities. Objective . Herein, we investigated if dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis is involved in an animal model of obesity and diabetes. Methods . The effect of short-term leptin and mdivi-1 –a selective inhibitor of Drp-1 fission-protein– treatment on mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis was evaluated in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) from male ob/ob mice. Results . An increase in Drp-1 protein levels and a decrease in Mfn2 and OPA-1 protein expression were observed with enhanced and sustained mitochondrial fragmentation in ob/ob mice compared to wt C57BL/6 animals (p<0.05). The content of mitochondrial DNA and mRNA expression of PGC-1α –both parameters of mitochondrial biogenesis– were reduced in ob/ob mice (p<0.05). Leptin and mdivi-1 treatment significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis, improved fusion-to-fission balance and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, thus inducing white-to-beige adipocyte transdifferentiation. Measurements of glucose and lipid oxidation in adipocytes revealed that both leptin and mdivi-1 increase substrates oxidation while in vivo determination of blood glucose concentration showed decreased levels by 50% in ob/ob mice, almost to the wt level. Conclusions. Pharmacological targeting of Drp-1 fission protein may be a potential novel therapeutic tool for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Short-term High-fat Overfeeding Does Not Induce NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling in Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2162-2176
Author(s):  
Rebecca Dewhurst-Trigg ◽  
Alex J Wadley ◽  
Rachel M Woods ◽  
Lauren B Sherar ◽  
Nicolette C Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Phosphorylation Of Proteins

Abstract Context It is unclear how white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammatory signaling proteins respond during the early stages of overnutrition. Objective To investigate the effect of short-term, high-fat overfeeding on fasting abdominal subcutaneous WAT total content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory signaling, systemic metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Design Individuals consumed a high-fat (65% total energy from total fat), high-energy (50% above estimated energy requirements) diet for 7 days. Results Fifteen participants (aged 27 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2) completed the study. Body mass increased following high-fat overfeeding (+1.2 ± 0.2 kg; P &lt; 0.0001). However, total content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in NF-κB inflammatory signaling were unchanged following the intervention. Fasting serum glucose (+0.2 ± 0.0 mmol/L), total cholesterol (+0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.2 ± 0.0 mmol/L), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP; +4.7 ± 2.1 µg/mL) increased, whereas triacylglycerol concentrations (−0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L) decreased following overfeeding (all P &lt; 0.05). Systemic biomarkers (insulin, soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [CD14], C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and the proportion and concentration of circulating CD14+ monocytes were unaffected by overfeeding. Conclusion Acute lipid oversupply did not impact on total content or phosphorylation of proteins involved in WAT NF-κB inflammatory signaling, despite modest weight gain and metabolic alterations. Systemic LBP, which is implicated in the progression of low-grade inflammation during the development of obesity, increased in response to a 7-day high-fat overfeeding period.

scholarly journals Changes in marrow adipose tissue with short-term changes in weight in premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouneh K Fazeli ◽  
Alexander T Faje ◽  
Miriam A Bredella ◽  
Sai Polineni ◽  
Stephen Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Marrow Adipose Tissue

Objective In anorexia nervosa, a psychiatric disease characterized by self-induced starvation and a model of chronic undernutrition, levels of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue are low, whereas marrow adipose tissue (MAT) levels are elevated compared to normal-weight women. The reason for this paradoxical elevation of an adipose tissue depot in starvation is not known. We sought to understand changes in MAT in response to subacute changes in weight and to compare these changes with those of other fat depots and body composition parameters. Design and methods We conducted a 12-month longitudinal study including 46 premenopausal women (n = 26 with anorexia nervosa and n = 20 normal-weight controls) with a mean (s.e.m.) age of 28.2 ± 0.8 years. We measured MAT, SAT, VAT and bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline and after 12 months. Results At baseline, SAT (P < 0.0001), VAT (P < 0.02) and BMD of the spine and hip (P ≤ 0.0002) were significantly lower and vertebral and metaphyseal MAT (P ≤ 0.001) significantly higher in anorexia nervosa compared to controls. Weight gain over 12 months was associated with increases not only in SAT and VAT, but also epiphyseal MAT (P < 0.03). Changes in epiphyseal MAT were positively associated with changes in BMD (P < 0.03). Conclusions In contrast to the steady state, in which MAT levels are higher in anorexia nervosa and MAT and BMD are inversely associated, short-term weight gain is associated with increases in both MAT and BMD. These longitudinal data demonstrate the dynamic nature of this fat depot and provide further evidence of its possible role in mineral metabolism.

scholarly journals Short‐term protein restriction at advanced age stimulates FGF21 signalling, energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue

FEBS Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen B. Dommerholt ◽  
Maaike Blankestijn ◽  
Marcel A. Vieira‐Lara ◽  
Theo H. van Dijk ◽  
Henk Wolters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Short Term

Methionine restriction effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and aerobic capacity in white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle of F344 rats

Metabolism ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1000-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen E. Perrone ◽  
Dwight A.L. Mattocks ◽  
Maureen Jarvis-Morar ◽  
Jason D. Plummer ◽  
Norman Orentreich
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Methionine Restriction ◽  
F344 Rats
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