scholarly journals Effect of Anodal-tDCS on Event-Related Potentials: A Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Izzidien ◽  
Sriharasha Ramaraju ◽  
Mohammed Ali Roula ◽  
Peter W. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference

We aim to measure the postintervention effects of A-tDCS (anodal-tDCS) on brain potentials commonly used in BCI applications, namely, Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD), Event-Related Synchronization (ERS), and P300. Ten subjects were given sham and 1.5 mA A-tDCS for 15 minutes on two separate experiments in a double-blind, randomized order. Postintervention EEG was recorded while subjects were asked to perform a spelling task based on the “oddball paradigm” while P300 power was measured. Additionally, ERD and ERS were measured while subjects performed mental motor imagery tasks. ANOVA results showed that the absolute P300 power exhibited a statistically significant difference between sham and A-tDCS when measured over channel Pz (p=0.0002). However, the difference in ERD and ERS power was found to be statistically insignificant, in controversion of the the mainstay of the litrature on the subject. The outcomes confirm the possible postintervention effect of tDCS on the P300 response. Heightening P300 response using A-tDCS may help improve the accuracy of P300 spellers for neurologically impaired subjects. Additionally, it may help the development of neurorehabilitation methods targeting the parietal lobe.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of bromazepam on cognitive performance through the visual evoked potential (P300)

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (2a) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Puga ◽  
Heloisa Veiga ◽  
Maurício Cagy ◽  
Kaleb McDowell ◽  
Roberto Piedade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Related Potentials

Benzodiazepines have been used in the pharmacological treatment of anxiety for over four decades. However, very few studies have combined bromazepam and event-related potentials (ERP). The present study aimed at investigating the modulatory effects of this drug on brain dynamics. Specifically, the effects of bromazepam (3mg) on the P300 component of the ERP were tested in a double-blind experiment. The sample, consisting of 15 healthy subjects (7 male and 8 female), was submitted to a visual discrimination task, which employed the "oddball" paradigm. Electrophysiological (P300) and behavioral measures (stroop, digit span, and reaction time) were analyzed across three experimental conditions: placebo 1, placebo 2, and bromazepam. Results suggest that the effects of bromazepam (3mg) on cognitive processes are not apparent. In spite of what seems irrefutable in current literature, bromazepam did not produce evident effects on the behavioral and electrophysiological variables analyzed.

scholarly journals Effect of GutGard in the Management ofHelicobacter pylori: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu Puram ◽  
Hyung Chae Suh ◽  
Seung Un Kim ◽  
Bharathi Bethapudi ◽  
Joshua Allan Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
H Pylori

A randomized, double blind placebo controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GutGard (root extract ofGlycyrrhiza glabra) in the management ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) gastric load. Participants diagnosed withH. pyloriinfection were randomly assigned to two groups to orally receive 150 mg of GutGard (n=55) or placebo (n=52) once daily for 60 days.H. pyloriinfection was assessed using13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) at days 0, 30, and 60. Stool Antigen test (HpSA) was also performed on days 0, 30, and 60. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (RMANOVA), chi-square, and Fisher's exact probability tests were used to compare the treatment outcomes. A significant interaction effect between group and time (P=0.00) and significant difference in mean Delta Over Baseline (DOB) values between GutGard (n=50) and placebo (n=50) treated groups after intervention period were observed. On day 60, the results of HpSA test were negative in 28 subjects (56%) in GutGard treated group whereas in placebo treated group only 2 subjects (4%) showed negative response; the difference between the groups was statistically significant. On day 60, the results of13C-UBT were negative in 24 (48%) in GutGard treated group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. The findings suggest GutGard is effective in the management ofH. pylori.

Attentional Bias in Patients with Decompensated Tinnitus: Prima Facie Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Li ◽  
Ruolei Gu ◽  
Xiangli Zeng ◽  
Weifang Zhong ◽  
Min Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

Tinnitus refers to the auditory perception of sound in the absence of external sound or electric stimuli. The influence of tinnitus on cognitive processing is at the cutting edge of ongoing tinnitus research. In this study, we adopted an objective indicator of attentional processing, i.e. the mismatch negativity (MMN), to assess the attentional bias in patients with decompensated tinnitus. Three kinds of pure tones, D1 (8,000 Hz), S (8,500 Hz) and D2 (9,000 Hz), were used to induce event-related potentials (ERPs) in the normal ear. Employing the oddball paradigm, the task was divided into two blocks in which D1 and D2 were set as deviation stimuli, respectively. Only D2 induced a significant MMN in the tinnitus group, while neither D1 nor D2 was able to induce MMN in the control group. In addition, the ERPs in the left hemisphere, which were recorded within the time window of 90-150 ms (ERP90-150 ms), were significantly higher than those in the right hemisphere in the tinnitus group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group. Lastly, the amplitude of ERP90-150 ms in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These findings suggest that patients with decompensated tinnitus showed automatic processing of acoustic stimuli, thereby indicating that these patients allocated more cognitive resources to acoustic stimulus processing. We suggest that the difficulty in disengaging or facilitated attention of patients might underlie this phenomenon. The limitations of the current study are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of a Green Oat Herb Extract on Cognitive Performance and Neurophysiological Activity: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Martinez-Horta ◽  
Eran Ivanir ◽  
Tania Perrinjaquet-Moccetti ◽  
Matthias Heinrich Keuter ◽  
Jaime Kulisevsky
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Green oat extracts have been used for centuries in traditional medicine in view of their supposed beneficial effects on cognition and mood. Recently, a specific green oat formulation (Neuravena®) showed to have significant bioactive compounds potentially associated with the enhancement of processing speed, working memory and attention. The main aim of the current study was to compare the potential effect of acute administration of 800 mg of Neuravena® with placebo on a set of neurophysiological correlates of processing speed, attention, performance-monitoring and inhibitory control. Twenty healthy participants were randomized to receive either Neuravena® or placebo. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signal acquisition was obtained while participants carried out the modified Eriksen flanker and oddball tasks. Both groups were compared on measures of behavioral task performance, and a set of event-related potentials (ERPs) components related to performance monitoring (the error-related negativity; ERN and the N2), target detection, and attention (P3a/P3b). Following active-intervention N2, ERN, and P3a/P3b were significantly reduced and performance was faster, with no loss of accuracy. Conversely, no neurophysiological differences were found in the placebo group before and after treatment and performance worsened significantly in terms of reaction time and accuracy. Acute administration of 800 mg of Neuravena® appears to enhance the optimization of neural resources and positively influences cognitive performance in tasks associated with executive functions, processing speed and attention. Moreover, Neuravena® prevents the deleterious effects of tiredness during task performance.

Theta-Burst Stimulation Is Able to Impact Cognitive Processing: A P300 and Neuropsychological Test Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nuno Filipe Cardoso Pinto ◽  
Marta Duarte ◽  
Helena Gonçalves ◽  
Ricardo Silva ◽  
Jorge Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Theta Burst

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a safe non-invasive neurostimulation technique used to improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments. Combined outcome evaluation using event-related potentials (ERPs) and neuropsychological tests may allow a more thorough assessment of TBS treatment efficacy; however, some mixed results have been found, and their use remains scarce. Our main objective was to evaluate whether a session of TBS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can impact upon the performance of both neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This double-blind sham-controlled study involved 28 healthy adults, between 18 and 30 years. Volunteers were randomly allocated to receive excitatory (intermittent [iTBS]), inhibitory (continuous TBS [cTBS]) or sham stimulation on the left DLPFC. Subjects were evaluated using ERPs (auditory oddball paradigm P300) and neuropsychological tests (Trail making test [TMT] and Stroop test of words and colours [STWC]), using a pre-post stimulation protocol. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Inhibitory stimulation led to significantly delayed P300 peak latencies (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), with no consistent change in N2P3 amplitudes. cTBS also significantly influenced the expected group performance in Stroop C and Stroop interference (<i>p</i> = 0.025) compared to the iTBS and sham groups. No significant results were found in TMT tests after TBS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that P300 and specific Stroop colour and words test parameters can be similarly influenced by the same TBS protocol. This emphasizes the importance of mixed evaluation using neuropsychological and neurophysiological resources in research associated with the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognition.

scholarly journals tDCS targeting the vmPFC modulates reactive aggression and electrophysiological responses: an EEG-tDCS study in a forensic population.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Sergiou ◽  
Emiliano Santarnecchi ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
Eric Rassin ◽  
Nico van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Related Potentials

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that impairments in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in forensic patients who also abuse cocaine and alcohol play a crucial role in aggression. However, current treatment in forensic patients is found not to be effective. A promising intervention is to modulate the vmPFC by transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). This study aimed to investigate high definition (HD)-tDCS as an intervention to increase empathic abilities in order to reduce violent behavior in forensic patients. In addition, using electroencephalography (EEG), we examined the effects of tDCS on the event-related potentials P3 and LPP in reaction to situations that depict victims of aggression (i.e. empathy). METHODS: Fifty male forensic substance use patients (25 in the active and 25 in the sham condition) were tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. The patients received HD-tDCS two times a day for 20 min for five consecutive days. Before and after the intervention, the patients completed self-reports, performed the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP), and EEG was recorded while patients performed an empathy task.RESULTS: Results showed a significant decrease in aggressive responses on the PSAP and a decrease in self-reported reactive aggression in the active tDCS group. Additionally, we found an increase in LPP amplitude after tDCS intervention in the active tDCS group compared to the sham group. No effects on the P3 were found.CONCLUSION: Current findings are the first to find effects of tDCS modulating aggression and electrophysiological responses in forensic patients, thereby showing the potential for tDCS as an intervention in forensic mental healthcare.

scholarly journals N100, N200, and P300 Auditory Event-Related Potentials Depending on Handedness and Response Tasks such as Button Pressing and Mental Counting

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Jinsook Kim ◽  
Kieun Lee ◽  
Eunsung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
Counting Task ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Mental Counting

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of response tasks, such as button pressing and mental counting, and handedness on N100, N200, and P300 auditory event-related potential (AERP).Methods: A total of 50 normal-hearing young adults with the average age of 21.6 (±1.5) years participated in this study. Among them, 15 men and 15 women were right-handed and 10 men and 10 women were left-handed. An oddball paradigm was used to deliver 30 stimuli of 2 kHz target tone bursts and 120 stimuli of 1 kHz nontarget tone bursts. The stimuli were presented at 70 dB sound pressure level with the rate of 1/s.Results: The button pressing task elicited significantly smaller N100 and larger P300 amplitudes than the mental counting task. N200 latency was significantly lower and P300 amplitude was higher in left-handed participants than those who are right-handed. Appearance percentages of right-/left-handed participants for N100, N200, and P300 were 80/95%, 85/85%, and 75/75% for the button pressing task and 80/90%, 80/80%, and 70/70% for mental counting task, respectively.Conclusion: The significant difference in appearance percentage between response tasks supported that P300 was a strong endogenous potential. N100 and N200 were thought to have both endogenous and exogenous characteristics. A more sensitive approach in selecting the task of response for the target stimuli and careful consideration for the handedness is necessary for AERP recordings.

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