scholarly journals Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory Guidelines for the Use of Serological Tests (excluding point-of-care tests) for the Diagnosis of Syphilis in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (supplement a) ◽  
pp. 6A-12A ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N Levett ◽  
Kevin Fonseca ◽  
Raymond SW Tsang ◽  
Kamran Kadkhoda ◽  
Bouchra Serhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Disease Research

Syphilis, caused by the bacteriumTreponema pallidumsubsp.pallidum, is an infection recognized since antiquity. It was first reported at the end of the 15th century in Europe. Infections may be sexually transmitted as well as spread from an infected mother to her fetus or through blood transfusions. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis infection is complex. Because this organism cannot be cultured, serology is used as the principal diagnostic method. Some of the issues related to serological diagnoses are that antibodies take time to appear after infection, and serology screening tests require several secondary confirmatory tests that can produce complex results needing interpretation by experts in the field. Traditionally, syphilis screening was performed using either rapid plasma reagin or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests, and confirmed by treponemal tests such as MHA-TP, TPPA or FTA-Abs. Currently, that trend is reversed, ie, most of the laboratories in Canada now screen for syphilis using treponemal enzyme immunoassays and confirm the status of infection using rapid plasma reagin or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests; this approach is often referred to as the reverse algorithm. This chapter reviews guidelines for specimen types and sample collection, treponemal and non-treponemal tests utilized in Canada, the current status of serological tests for syphilis in Canada, the complexity of serological diagnosis of syphilis infection and serological testing algorithms. Both traditional and reverse sequence algorithms are recommended and the algorithm used should be based on a combination of local disease epidemiology, test volumes, performance of the proposed assays and available resources.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pemeriksaan Serologis Sifilis

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirsa Baguna ◽  
Nurdjannah J. Niode ◽  
Herry E. J. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Haemagglutination Assay

Abstract: High prevalence of syphilis can be reduced by doing screening. Tests used for screening and diagnosis of syphilis are serological tests of syphilis consisting of nontreponemal tests and treponemal tests. Nontreponemal tests consist of Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) meanwhile Treponemal tests consist of Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) and Treponema Pallidum Rapid (TP Rapid). This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of syphilis serological tests. This was a literature review study using the keywords namely serology OR serological OR serologic AND syphilis in PubMed and ClinicalKey. The literatures were written in English and/or Indonesian, published in the last 10 years (2011-2020), and can be accessed in full text. The results obtained 25 literatures. High sensitivity was found in RPR of 9.1%-100%, VDRL of 44.4% -100%, and TP Rapid of 50.0%-100%. High specificity was found in TPHA of 99.7% and TP Rapid of 85.3% -100%. In conclusion, effective syphilis screening is performed with RPR and VDRL, while effective syphilis diagnostic is performed with TP Rapid and TPHA.Keywords: syphilis, serology tests, effectiveness of tests  Abstrak: Prevalensi kasus sifilis yang tinggi dapat diturunkan dengan adanya skrining. Pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk skrining dan diagnosis sifilis ialah pemeriksaan serologis sifilis, terdiri atas pemeriksaan serologis non spesifik treponema dan pemeriksaan serologis spesifik treponema. Pemeriksaan serologis non spesifik treponema antara lain Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) dan Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). Pemeriksaan serologis spesifik treponema antara lain Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) dan Treponema Pallidum Rapid (TP Rapid). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemeriksaan serologis sifilis. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review menggunakan kata kunci serology OR serological OR serologic AND syphilis di PubMed dan ClinicalKey. Literatur yang digunakan memiliki bahasa Inggris dan/atau bahasa Indonesia, terbitan 10 tahun terakhir (2011-2020), dan dapat diakses teks lengkap. Sensitivitas tinggi ditemukan pada RPR sebesar 9,1%-100%, VDRL sebesar 44,4%-100%, dan TP Rapid sebesar 50,0%-100%. Spesifisitas tinggi ditemukan pada TPHA sebesar 99,7% dan TP Rapid sebesar 85,3%-100%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah skrining sifilis efektif dilakukan dengan RPR dan VDRL, sedangkan diagnostik sifilis efektif dilakukan dengan TP Rapid dan TPHA.Kata kunci: sifilis, pmeriksaan serologis, efektivitas pemeriksaan

scholarly journals Evaluation of reagin screen, a new serological test for syphilis

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
J D Dyckman ◽  
R D Wende ◽  
D Gantenbein ◽  
R P Williams
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Antibody Absorption

A total of 1,020 serum and plasma specimens were tested using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) card, Reagin Screen (RST) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS) tests. In 257 normal patients, all screening tests were nonreactive; the FTA-ABS test was reactive for one patient. In 588 patients with treated and untreated syphilis, the RST results were 91.7% in agreement with the VDRL and RPR results. In 175 patients with diseases that cause biological false reactions, the RST was 94% in agreement with the other screening tests. The titer of the RST was within one dilution of the corresponding VDRL titer in 91.7% of the 360 speciments tested and within one dilution of the RPR titer in 96.9% of 358 specimens quantitated by both tests.

Further support from an Irish psychiatric hospital for lack of value of routine serological tests for syphilis

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese O'Neill ◽  
Brian McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Antibody Tests

AbstractSince the establishment of St. Brendan's Hospital in 1815 many changes have been seen in the pattern of psychiatric illness but none as dramatic as that of neurosyphilis. When Professor John Dunne first worked there in 1922, 20% of the patients suffered from general paralysis of the insane (G.P.I.) for which there was no cure. Around this time Wagner Von Jauregg – a Viennese physician, observed that patients who had suffered malaria during war did not suffer from G.P.I. He introduced malarial therapy successfully for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1927. Professor Dunne introduced this therapy into St. Brendan's after visiting Wagner Von Jauregg in Vienna. Unfortunately the mosquitos used would not bite! He resorted to injecting malarial infected blood. Only benign tertian malaria was effective and it is believed that the high temperatures induced – 40-41°C killed the spirochaete. This was followed by quinine treatment for malaria. The treatment was very successful but superceded in latter years by penicillin. The incidence of syphilis fell dramatically from 1942-1977, although recently it has been reported that it is rising in females and heterosexual males.One hundred consecutive samples routinely tested for syphilis (using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) test), between January and April 1988 were examined. Ninety-eight were negative for VDRL and TPHA. Two patients, both male, revealed evidence of previous infection i.e. VDRL neg, TPHA positive with Fluorescent Treponema Antibody tests (FTABS) reactive and FTA IGM negative in both cases. Neither of the two patients had any signs or symptoms suggestive of neurosyphilis.

Sifilis Pada Kehamilan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Hari Darmawan ◽  
Izazi Hari Purwoko ◽  
Mutia Devi
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Disease Research

Sifilis adalah penyakit infeksi menular seksual disebabkan bakteri Treponema pallidumdapat ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, transfusi darah, dan vertikal dari ibu ke janin.  Jika perempuan hamil menderita sifilis dapat terjadi infeksi transplasenta ke janin sehingga menyebabkan keguguran, lahir prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, lahir mati, atau sifilis kongenital. Diagnosis sifilis pada kehamilan ditegakkan berdasaranamnesis,manifestasi klinis, pemeriksaanlaboratorik, danserologik. Skrining pada trimester pertama dengan tes non-treponema seperti rapid plasma reagin(RPR) atau venereal disease research laboratory(VDRL) kombinasi dengan tes treponema seperti treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay(TPHA) merupakan hal penting pada setiap perempuan hamil. Manifestasi klinis sifilis ke janin bergantung pada usia kehamilan dan stadium sifilis maternal serta respons imun janin. Deteksi dini dan terapi adekuat penting untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi sifilis dari ibu ke janin.

scholarly journals The Rapid Plasma Reagin Test Cannot Replace the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test for Neurosyphilis Diagnosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Marra ◽  
Lauren C. Tantalo ◽  
Clare L. Maxwell ◽  
Emily L. Ho ◽  
Sharon K. Sahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Disease Research

scholarly journals Neurosifilis Asimtomatik Pada Pasien Sifilis Sekunder Dengan Koinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dia Febrina ◽  
Dartri Cahyawari ◽  
Nina Roslina ◽  
Rasmia Rowawi ◽  
Pati Aji Achdiat
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Neurosifilis merupakan infeksi pada sistem saraf pusat yang disebabkan invasi sawar darah otak oleh Treponema pallidum yang umumnya terjadi pada pasien sifiis koinfeksi dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Neurosifilis umumnya terjadi pada sifilis tersier, tetapi dapat pula terjadi pada stadium lainnya, termasuk stadium sekunder. Diagnosis neurosifilis asimtomatik ditegakkan apabila didapatkan serum venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) yang positif tanpa tanda dan gejala neurologis disertai satu dari karakteristik berikut pada pemeriksaan liquor cerebrospinal (LCS): (1) jumlah leukosit > 10/mm3; (2) protein total > 50 mg/dL; (3) hasil VDRL reaktif. Dilaporkan seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 35 tahun dengan sifilis sekunder koinfeksi HIV tanpa ditemukannya tanda dan gejala neurologis. Kecurigaan neurosifilis pada pasien ini disebabkan oleh kegagalan terapi pada sifilis sekunder, status HIV dengan jumlah CD4+ 106/mm3, dan serum VDRL 1:256. Diagnosis neurosifilis pada laporan kasus ini ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan LCS yang menunjukkan hasil VDRL yang reaktif, peningkatan jumlah leukosit dan protein total. Pasien ini diberikan penisilin G prokain 2,4 juta unit tanpa probenesid yang diberikan secara intramuskular selama 14 hari. Pada pasien sifilis koinfeksi HIV dapat dicurigai neurosifilis apabila ditemukan salah satu karakteristik berikut: (1) tidak terjadi penurunan titer VDRL setelah terapi benzatin penisilin; (2) serum VDRL/rapid plasma reagin (RPR) ? 1:32; (3) jumlah CD4+ < 350 sel/mm3. Kegagalan terapi pada sifilis sekunder dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi Treponema pallidum pada sistem saraf pusat. Simpulan, dilaporkan satu pasien usia 35 tahun dengan neurosifilis asimtomatik yang diberikan terapi penisilin G prokain 2,4 juta unit tanpa probenesid selama 14 hari. Pemeriksaan serum VDRL pada bulan ketiga pasca terapi belum mengalami penurunan titer.

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