scholarly journals CouldHistoplasma capsulatumBe Related to Healthcare-Associated Infections?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi ◽  
Lisandra Serra Damasceno ◽  
Nayla de Souza Pitangui ◽  
Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida ◽  
Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are described in diverse settings. The main etiologic agents of HAI are bacteria (85%) and fungi (13%). Some factors increase the risk for HAI, particularly the use of medical devices; patients with severe cuts, wounds, and burns; stays in the intensive care unit, surgery, and hospital reconstruction works. Several fungal HAI are caused byCandidaspp., usually from an endogenous source; however, cross-transmission via the hands of healthcare workers or contaminated devices can occur. Although other medically important fungi, such asBlastomyces dermatitidis,Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, andHistoplasma capsulatum, have never been considered nosocomial pathogens, there are some factors that point out the pros and cons for this possibility. Among these fungi,H. capsulatuminfection has been linked to different medical devices and surgery implants. The filamentous form ofH. capsulatummay be present in hospital settings, as this fungus adapts to different types of climates and has great dispersion ability. Although conventional pathogen identification techniques have never identifiedH. capsulatumin the hospital environment, molecular biology procedures could be useful in this setting. More research onH. capsulatumas a HAI etiologic agent is needed, since it causes a severe and often fatal disease in immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Filter Placement in ICU Taps to Prevent the Occurrence of HAIs by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12-Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s206-s207
Author(s):  
Pablo Chico-Sánchez ◽  
Sandra Canovas-Javega ◽  
Natali J. Jimenez-Sepulveda ◽  
Edith Leutscher-Vasen ◽  
Cesar O. Villanueva-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Filter Placement ◽  
Critical Care Units ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the third etiologic agent of healthcare associated infections, and the most frequent pathogen in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). In critical care units is associated with high mortality, long hospital stay, and high healthcare-associated costs. We evaluated the effectiveness of filter placement in the water taps in critical care units to prevent the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIa) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: This experimental study was both cross-over and open-label in nature. We included patients admitted for >24 hours in critical care units over 24 months. The study was divided into 4 periods of 6 months each. We divided the study into 2 groups: patients in units with filters and patients in units without filters. We compared the incidence density of P. aeruginosa HAIs (number of cases divided by the number of person days) according the ECDC definition of case criteria between the groups. The 2 test was used, and the magnitude of the association was calculated as a rate ratio with a 95% confidence interval, adjusted using a Poisson regression model. Results: Overall, 1,132 patients were included in the study: 595 in units with water tap filters and 537 in units without water tap filters. HAI incidence among patients in units with water tap filters was 5.3 per 1,000 person days stay; without water tap filters, HAI incidence was 4.7 per 1,000 person days stay (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.47–1.90). Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study indicate a a lower incidence of P. aeruginosa HAIs in units with filters placed in water taps than in units without filters.Disclosures: NoneFunding: None

scholarly journals Impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections Connected to Medical Devices—An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Nitin Chandra Teja Dadi ◽  
Barbora Radochová ◽  
Jarmila Vargová ◽  
Helena Bujdáková
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Bundles ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Impact

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are caused by nosocomial pathogens. HAIs have an immense impact not only on developing countries but also on highly developed parts of world. They are predominantly device-associated infections that are caused by the planktonic form of microorganisms as well as those organized in biofilms. This review elucidates the impact of HAIs, focusing on device-associated infections such as central line-associated bloodstream infection including catheter infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infections. The most relevant microorganisms are mentioned in terms of their frequency of infection on medical devices. Standard care bundles, conventional therapy, and novel approaches against device-associated infections are briefly mentioned as well. This review concisely summarizes relevant and up-to-date information on HAIs and HAI-associated microorganisms and also provides a description of several useful approaches for tackling HAIs.

scholarly journals Enhanced antibacterial efficacy of nitric oxide releasing thermoplastic polyurethanes with antifouling hydrophilic topcoats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyadarshini Singha ◽  
Jitendra Pant ◽  
Marcus J. Goudie ◽  
Christina D. Workman ◽  
Hitesh Handa
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes ◽  
Nitric Oxide Releasing ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Hydrophilic antifouling topcoat combined with nitric oxide releasing polymer to enhance antimicrobial efficacy and combat healthcare-associated infections caused by medical devices.

scholarly journals Disinfectant Activity of A Portable Ultraviolet C Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guridi ◽  
Elena Sevillano ◽  
Iñigo de la Fuente ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by microorganisms present in common practice instruments generating major health problems in the hospital environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the disinfection capacity of a portable ultraviolet C equipment (UV Sanitizer Corvent® -UVSC-) developed to disinfect different objects. For this purpose, six pathogens causing HAIs: Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, were inoculated on slides and discs of different biomaterials (borosilicate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, silicone, Teflon and titanium) and exposed to ultraviolet C radiation. UVSC disinfection was compared with ethanol and chlorhexidine antimicrobial activities following the standards EN14561 and EN14562. Disinfection, established as a reduction of five logarithms from the initial inoculum, was achieved with the UVSC at 120 s of exposure time, with and without the presence of organic matter. The disinfectant effect was observed against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans (reduction >99.999%). Disinfection was also achieved with 70% ethanol and 2% chlorhexidine. As conclusion, UVSC was effective disinfecting the most contaminated surfaces assayed, being a promising alternative for disinfecting hospital materials and inanimate objects that cannot be immersed in liquid biocides, reducing the risk of pathogen transmission.

The Role of the Hospital Environment in the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections by Contact Transmission

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 46-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Steinberg ◽  
Megan E. Denham ◽  
Craig Zimring ◽  
Altug Kasali ◽  
Kendall K. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Hospital-Wide Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections as a Source of Information about Specific Hospital Needs. A 5-Year Observation in a Multiprofile Provincial Hospital in the South of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kołpa ◽  
Marta Wałaszek ◽  
Anna Różańska ◽  
Zdzisław Wolak ◽  
Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are adverse complications of hospitalisation resulting in delayed recovery and increased costs. The aim of this study was an analysis of epidemiological factors obtained in the framework of constant, comprehensive (hospital-wide) infection registration, and identification of priorities and needs in infection control, both with regard to targeted surveillance, as well as preventative actions. The study was carried out according to the methodology recommended by the HAI-Net (Surveillance Network) coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, in the multiprofile hospital in Southern Poland, between 2012 and 2016. A total of 159,028 patients were under observation and 2184 HAIs were detected. The incidence was 1.4/100 admissions (2.7/1000 patient-das of hospitalisation) and significantly differed depending on the type of the patient care: in intensive care units (ICU) 16.9%; in surgical units, 1.3%; non-surgical units, 1.0%; and paediatric units, 1.8%. The most common HAI was gastrointestinal infections (GIs, 28.9%), followed by surgical site infections (SSIs, 23.0%) and bloodstream infections (BSIs, 16.1%). The vast majority of GIs, BSIs, urinary tract infections, and incidents of pneumonia (PN) were detected in non-ICUs. As many as 33.2% of cases of HAI were not confirmed microbiologically. The most frequently detected etiologic agent of infections was Clostridium difficile—globally and in GI (49%). Comprehensive analysis of the results allowed to identify important elements of surveillance of infections, i.e., surveillance of GI, PN, and BSI not only in ICU, but also in non-ICU wards, indicating a need for implementing rapid actions to improve compliance with HAI prevention procedures.

Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections by Monitoring the Cleanliness of Medical Devices and Other Critical Points in a Sterilization Service

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (s3) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Veiga-Malta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
Sterilization Service ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract It is well known that the common goal of all central sterile supply departments (CSSDs) is to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Such infections entail high costs to society, not only economic but also social. Therefore, delivering safe medical devices and guaranteeing a positive contribution to the control of healthcare-associated infections form the main responsibilities of a CSSD. The monitoring of the effectiveness of medical device cleaning processes is highly recommended. However, ensuring a flawless environment for the preparation, assembly, and packaging of medical devices and clean handling of sterilized items is crucial to achieving the goal of safe medical devices. This study analyzed not only the cleanliness of surgical instruments but also two critical aspects of the surrounding environment: the cleanliness of work surfaces and the cleanliness of workers' hands. To evaluate the cleanliness of surgical instruments, two methods were used: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection method and a residual protein test. It was not the intention of this work to make an exhaustive comparison of these methods. The ATP bioluminescence method was also used for monitoring the cleanliness of work surfaces and workers' hands. The aims of this study were to establish the most suitable method of evaluating the cleanliness of reusable medical devices in the CSSD and to assess the quality of the environment. Assessing the surgical instruments, work surfaces, and staff hands for cleanliness allowed the identification of possible contamination sources and to correct them by improving cleaning/disinfection protocols. Furthermore, the use of ATP monitoring tests of workers' hands highlighted the importance of staff compliance with good practice guidelines. Thus, these results have a positive impact on the CSSD quality system and, consequently, on patient safety.

scholarly journals Healthcare-associated infections, medical devices and biofilms: risk, tolerance and control

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Percival ◽  
Louise Suleman ◽  
Claudia Vuotto ◽  
Gianfranco Donelli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Multiresistente Erreger (MRE) in der Rehabilitation: Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren für MRGN und VRE

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (06) ◽  
pp. 366-375
Author(s):  
Katrin Steul ◽  
Cleo Schmehl ◽  
Marlene Berres ◽  
Sabine Hofmann ◽  
Andrea Klaus-Altschuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Multiresistente Erreger ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Iso 15189 ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Neurologische Frührehabilitation ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Nach einer ersten großen Untersuchung zu multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) in Rehabilitationseinrichtungen im Jahr 2014 führte das MRE-Netz Rhein-Main im Jahr 2019 erneut eine Untersuchung durch, diesmal wurde vor dem Hintergrund der KRINKO-Empfehlung zu multiresistenten Enterokokken auf das Vorkommen Vancomycin-resistenter Enterokokken (VRE) und multiresistenter gramnegative Erreger (3MRGN und 4MRGN) untersucht. Material und Methoden Insgesamt 16 Kliniken nahmen teil, darunter eine Klinik für neurologische Frührehabilitation (FR). Die Teilnahme der Patienten war freiwillig. Die Rektalabstriche wurden in einem nach DIN ISO 15189-akkreditierten medizinisch-mikrobiologischen Labor mittels etablierten Standard-Methoden (u. a. via mittels MALDI–TOF-MS und VITEK 2-Resistenztestung gem. EUCAST) analysiert. Mit dem standardisierten Fragebogen der europaweiten HALT-Untersuchung (Healthcare associated infections in long-term care facilities) wurden Patientencharakteristika (Alter, Geschlecht, Krankenhaus, OP- und MRE-Anamnese, Medical devices, aktuelle Antibiotikatherapie etc.) erhoben. Ergebnisse 928 Patienten nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, 895 aus allgemeinen Reha-Einrichtungen (AR) und 33 aus einer neurologischen Frührehabilitation (FR). 65% der AR-Patienten (FR 100%) gaben einen Klinikaufenthalt in den letzten 6 Monaten an, 29% (FR 100%) der Patienten wurden direkt aus einer Klinik aufgenommen, 22% (FR 64%) hatten eine Antibiotika-Therapie in den letzten 3 Monaten erhalten. Medical devices waren bei AR-Patienten mit 1% insgesamt selten, in der FR mit 61% Harnwegskathetern und 36% Gefäßkathetern jedoch häufig. 2,2% (FR 33,3%) der AR-Patienten waren mit VRE und 6,7% (FR 18,2%) mit 3MRGN besiedelt. Ein Patient wies einen 4MRGN-Erreger auf (FR 0). Diskussion Im Vergleich zur früheren Untersuchung ergaben sich bei den erhobenen Patientencharakteristika keine wesentlichen Änderungen. Die VRE-Prävalenz war mit 3,3% niedrig, die Prävalenz an 3MRGN war mit 7,1% im Vergleich zu 2014 (3,6%) höher. Risikofaktoren für eine VRE- und eine 3MRGN-Besiedelung (sign. erhöhte Odds-Ratio) waren: Krankenhausbehandlung in der Anamnese sowie ein erhöhter Pflegebedarf aufgrund von Bewegungseinschränkung, Stuhlinkontinenz und Desorientiertheit. Darüber hinaus wurden eine vorausgegangene Antibiotikabehandlung sowie Hautbarriereverletzungen bedingt durch Medical devices oder Wunden als weitere Risikofaktoren für eine VRE-Besiedelung gefunden.

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