scholarly journals Conversion of Mill Scale Waste into Valuable Products via Carbothermic Reduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Eissa ◽  
Azza Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed El-Fawkhry
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
Purity Iron ◽  
High Purity Iron ◽  
Submerged Arc Furnace

Mill scale is one of waste materials which is produced as a result of hot rolling of steel in all steel companies. On the other hand, mill scale is considered a rich iron source with minimum impurities. This work aims at conversion of mill scale by adjusting smelting processes to produce different valuable products. The smelting processes were carried out using carbothermic reduction in a submerged arc furnace. Two carbonaceous reducing agents and different fluxing materials have been used to adapt optimum smelting process condition. A maximum iron recovery of 83% was obtained by using graphite compared with 76% obtained by using coke. Low sulphur content (≤0.02 wt% S) can be attained by using graphite as a reducing agent in amount that equals or exceeds the stoichiometric molar ratio. By using coke, the highest degree of desulfurization of 97.8% and much lower content of sulphur in the castable metal (0.0028 wt% S) were obtained by controlling the type and quantity of the flux. The results reveal that mill scale waste can be converted into valuable products such as high purity iron as alternative to Sorelmetal used in ductile iron production, low carbon steel, and free cutting steel.

Factors Influencing Dephosphorization of Low Carbon Steel in Converter

2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Shu Sen Cheng ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Slag Composition ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Basicity ◽  
Metal Yield

A 300-metric ton converter in a steel plant in China was studied. The influence of factors such as slag composition and temperature in the smelting process on the dephosphorization effect was statistically analyzed. The dephosphorization ability of slag increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of temperature, basicity and FeO content. Low-temperature, high-basicity and high-oxidizing slag are thermodynamically beneficial to promote the dephosphorization reaction, but the basicity is higher than 4.0, and the temperature is higher than 1640 °C are not conducive to the slag to obtain better fluidity. At the same time, too high FeO content will increase the activity coefficient of P2O5, thereby increasing its activity, which is not conducive to the progress of the dephosphorization reaction. As the end point content of carbon decreases, the oxygen content increases and the phosphorus content decreases. A very low carbon content is not conducive to metal yield and temperature control.

A Study on the smelting process of low carbon steel scrap and sponge iron in medium frequency induction furnace for production of front bumper beams

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Dung Ngo Quoc ◽  
◽  
Viet Nguyen Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Medium Frequency

MS1200 steel grade is now widely utilized in the automotive sector because it is a good solution for the current trend of vehicle chassis frame construction. This research presents a technology procedure for producing MS1200 steel grade from low carbon steel scrap and sponge iron – a product of MIREX Vietnam. The smelting using up to 30 % sponge iron briquettes combined with low carbon scrap, FeSi, FeMn, FeCr, FeTi,… was realized in a medium frequency induction furnace. The heat treatment for forged steel was performed to obtain required properties. The steel product has the following properties: tensile strength σb = 1280 MPa, yield strength σ0.2 = 990 MPa and impact toughness ak = 769 J/mm2, that meets the need of industrial use.

Joint effect of Fe(II) and Fe(III) cations on corrosion of low-carbon steel in mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acids containing composite inhibitors based on IFKhAN-92

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Ya.G. Avdeev ◽  
◽  
A.V. Panova ◽  
T.E. Andreeva ◽  
Yu.I. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Similar Solutions

Corrosion of 08PS low-carbon steel was studied in a wide temperature range t = 25—100 °C in 1 M H2SO4 + 1 M H3PO4, 2 M H2SO4 и 2 M H3PO4, inhibited by the binary mixture IFKhAN-92 + KNCS (a molar ratio of components 9:1) and a three-component mixture IFKhAN-92 + KNCS + urotropine (9:1:400), in the presence of high concentrations of Fe(III) and Fe(II) salts, as well as in their joint presence. It is shown that under experimental conditions the corrosion inhibitors under study provide effective protection of steel in 1 M H2SO4 + 1 M H3PO4 even in the presence of Fe(III), Fe(II) salts or their mixtures. The highest protective effects are provided by a three-component inhibitor mixture. Under similar conditions in individual 2 M H3PO4 and, especially, 2 M H2SO4, the protective effects of inhibitors are lower. A stronger deceleration of steel corrosion by composite inhibitors based on IFKhAN-92 in H2SO4 + H3PO4 solutions containing Fe(III) salts in comparison with similar solutions of individual H2SO4, is largely due to the binding of Fe(III) cations by phosphate anions into complexes, that significantly reduces their chemical activity and, as a result the corrosion rate of steel.

Production of Ferrosilicoaluminium from Aluminum Slag and Local Ore Via Carbothermic Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Azza Ahmed ◽  
Hoda El-Faramawy ◽  
Saeed Ghali ◽  
Michel L. Mishreky
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Complex Alloy ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
Aluminum Dross ◽  
Submerged Arc Furnace ◽  
Submerged Arc

This paper deals with the possibility of obtaining FeSiAl complex alloy by carbothermic reduction in a submerged arc furnace using aluminum dross, mill scale and feldspar.Bench scale experiments are carried out to clarify the effect of different variants such as reducing agent, basicity, and mill scale content of the charge on the metallic yield and chemical composition of the produced alloy.It was possible to get FeSiAl alloy containing 22% Si and 18% Al. the results reveal that to obtain such alloy less than 20% mill scale must be involved in the charge and the coke with amount 1 stoichiometric must be used.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF LOW CARBON STEEL ROLLED SHEETS AFTER MILL SCALE REMOVING

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Ivanov ◽  
V. E. Gromov ◽  
D. A. Kosinov ◽  
S. V. Konovalov ◽  
S. A. Barаnnikova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mill Scale

Research and Application of Basic Tundish Covering Flux

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Zhi Zheng Yang ◽  
Gang Qiang Li ◽  
Jiang Ping Rao ◽  
Yan Feng Wang ◽  
Cheng Hong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Elementary Theory ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Content Change ◽  
Basic Flux ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Micro Alloyed Steel

The elementary theory of functions of the basic tundish coving flux is analyzed at the beginning of this paper. Several types of the flux used in deferent steel grade include ultra-low carbon steel, low carbon steel and micro-alloyed steel. The result shows that the basic flux with CaO/SiO2 to be 3~5 can help to control the SiO2 be reduced by Al in steel within ±2%, and whole cleaness keeps stable with suitable component and proper process condition, marked with the T[O] content change ranged within 3ppm. But the basicity should be variable considering the productivity for different steel grade.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis A. Kartsonakis ◽  
Panagiota Stamatogianni ◽  
Evangelia K. Karaxi ◽  
Costas A. Charitidis
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

Mild or low-carbon steel has an increasing utilization and is widely used for building construction, machinery parts, and pipelines, because it can be machined easily and has enhanced weldability as well as a low price. In any case, the corrosion resistance of mild steel under the conditions in industrial applications or in atmosphere is a thoughtful concern. This study inquires into the application of 2-mecraptobenzothiazole (MBT) and Na2HPO4 as corrosion inhibitors for the protection of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in 3.5 wt % NaCl as well as in water from the Athens city supply system. The electrochemical/morphological characterizations of the aforementioned mild steel proved that the corrosion protection mechanisms can be assigned to the protective layers created onto the metal surface because of the presence of the inhibitors, which prevent chloride’s penetration. The synergistic effect of the MBT and Na2HPO4 corrosion inhibition behavior, in a molar ratio of 1:1, revealed that the additives performed effectively with corrosion inhibition efficiency above 90%.

Reasearch and Application of Basic Tundish Covering Flux in Continuous Casting Process in WISCO

2015 ◽  
Vol 1089 ◽  
pp. 346-349
Author(s):  
Jiang Ping Rao ◽  
Gang Qiang Li ◽  
Zhi Zheng Yang ◽  
Yan Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Content Change ◽  
Basic Flux ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Micro Alloyed Steel

Fundamental theory of functions of basic tundish coving flux is analyzed at the first step. Several types of the flux used in deferent steel grade include ultra-low carbon steel, low carbon steel and micro-alloyed steel are involved . The result shows that the basic flux with CaO/SiO2 to be 3~5 can help to control the SiO2 be reduced by Al in steel within ±2%, and whole cleaness keeps stable with suitable component and proper process condition, marked with the T[O] content change ranged within 3ppm. But the basicity should be variable considering the productivity for different steel grade.

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