scholarly journals Characterization of Olfactory Ensheathing Glial Cells Cultured on Polyurethane/Polylactide Electrospun Nonwovens

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Grzesiak ◽  
Ryszard Fryczkowski ◽  
Anna Lis ◽  
Dariusz Szarek ◽  
Jadwiga Laska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Cellular Morphology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cells Cultured

The aim of this research was to evaluate novel biomaterials for neural regeneration. The investigated materials were composed of polyurethane (PU) and polylactide (PLDL) blended at three different w/w ratios, that is, 5/5, 6/4, and 8/2 of PU/PLDL. Ultrathin fibrous scaffolds were prepared using electrospinning. The scaffolds were investigated for their applicability for nerve regeneration by culturing rat olfactory ensheathing glial cells. Cells were cultured on the materials for seven days, during which cellular morphology, phenotype, and metabolic activity were analysed. SEM analysis of the fabricated fibrous scaffolds showed fibers of a diameter mainly lower than 600 μm with unimportant volume of protrusions situated along the fibers, with nonsignificant differences between all analysed materials. Cells cultured on the materials showed differences in their morphology and metabolic activity, depending on the blend composition. The most proper morphology, with numerous p75+and GFAP+cells present, was observed in the sample 6/4, whereas the highest metabolic activity was measured in the sample 5/5. However, none of the investigated samples showed cytotoxicity or negatively influenced cellular morphology. Therefore, the novel electrospun fibrous materials may be considered for regenerative medicine applications, and especially when contacting with highly sensitive nervous cells.

Differences in nitric oxide production: a comparison of retinal ganglion cells and retinal glial cells cultured under hypoxic conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Kashiwagi ◽  
Yoko Iizuka ◽  
Seiichi Mochizuki ◽  
Yuichi Tsumamoto ◽  
Hiromu K Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Cells Cultured

scholarly journals Connexin26 mediates CO2-dependent regulation of breathing via glial cells of the medulla oblongata

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph van de Wiel ◽  
Louise Meigh ◽  
Amol Bhandare ◽  
Jonathan Cook ◽  
Sarbjit Nijjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Regulation Of Breathing ◽  
Direct Sensing

AbstractBreathing is highly sensitive to the PCO2 of arterial blood. Although CO2 is detected via the proxy of pH, CO2 acting directly via Cx26 may also contribute to the regulation of breathing. Here we exploit our knowledge of the structural motif of CO2-binding to Cx26 to devise a dominant negative subunit (Cx26DN) that removes the CO2-sensitivity from endogenously expressed wild type Cx26. Expression of Cx26DN in glial cells of a circumscribed region of the mouse medulla - the caudal parapyramidal area – reduced the adaptive change in tidal volume and minute ventilation by approximately 30% at 6% inspired CO2. As central chemosensors mediate about 70% of the total response to hypercapnia, CO2-sensing via Cx26 in the caudal parapyramidal area contributed about 45% of the centrally-mediated ventilatory response to CO2. Our data unequivocally link the direct sensing of CO2 to the chemosensory control of breathing and demonstrates that CO2-binding to Cx26 is a key transduction step in this fundamental process.

scholarly journals Dual Wavelength Imaging Allows Analysis of Membrane Fusion of Influenza Virus inside Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 2013-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Sakai ◽  
Masanobu Ohuchi ◽  
Masaki Imai ◽  
Takafumi Mizuno ◽  
Kazunori Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Viral Fusion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

ABSTRACT Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is a determinant of virus infectivity. Therefore, it is important to determine whether HA of a new influenza virus, which can potentially cause pandemics, is functional against human cells. The novel imaging technique reported here allows rapid analysis of HA function by visualizing viral fusion inside cells. This imaging was designed to detect fusion changing the spectrum of the fluorescence-labeled virus. Using this imaging, we detected the fusion between a virus and a very small endosome that could not be detected previously, indicating that the imaging allows highly sensitive detection of viral fusion.

Abstract 5034: Healthy and cancerous serum RNA profiling by the novel RNA extraction reagent and highly sensitive DNA chip

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Takizawa ◽  
Makiko Ichikawa ◽  
Hiroko Sudo ◽  
Yoji Ueda ◽  
Hideo Akiyama
Keyword(s):  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Dna Chip ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Highly Sensitive

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Biosensors Based on Biomolecules and Functional Nanomaterials Depending on the Types of Nanomaterials: A Perspective Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinho Yoon ◽  
Minkyu Shin ◽  
Taek Lee ◽  
Jeong-Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Functional Nanomaterials ◽  
Complementary Sequences ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Target Molecules

Biosensors are very important for detecting target molecules with high accuracy, selectivity, and signal-to-noise ratio. Biosensors developed using biomolecules such as enzymes or nucleic acids which were used as the probes for detecting the target molecules were studied widely due to their advantages. For example, enzymes can react with certain molecules rapidly and selectively, and nucleic acids can bind to their complementary sequences delicately in nanoscale. In addition, biomolecules can be immobilized and conjugated with other materials by surface modification through the recombination or introduction of chemical linkers. However, these biosensors have some essential limitations because of instability and low signal strength derived from the detector biomolecules. Functional nanomaterials offer a solution to overcome these limitations of biomolecules by hybridization with or replacing the biomolecules. Functional nanomaterials can give advantages for developing biosensors including the increment of electrochemical signals, retention of activity of biomolecules for a long-term period, and extension of investigating tools by using its unique plasmonic and optical properties. Up to now, various nanomaterials were synthesized and reported, from widely used gold nanoparticles to novel nanomaterials that are either carbon-based or transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based. These nanomaterials were utilized either by themselves or by hybridization with other nanomaterials to develop highly sensitive biosensors. In this review, highly sensitive biosensors developed from excellent novel nanomaterials are discussed through a selective overview of recently reported researches. We also suggest creative breakthroughs for the development of next-generation biosensors using the novel nanomaterials for detecting harmful target molecules with high sensitivity.

YKL-40 and neuron-specific enolase in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Dichev ◽  
Maria Kazakova ◽  
Victoria Sarafian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Potential Significance

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases comprise a large number of disorders with high impact on human health. Neurodegenerative processes are caused by various etiological factors and differ in their clinical presentation. Neuroinflammation is widely discussed as both a cause and a consequence in the manifestation of these disorders. The interplay between the two entities is considered as a major contributor to the ongoing disease progression. An attentive search and implementation of new and reliable markers specific for the processes of inflammation and degeneration is still needed. YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein produced by activated glial cells during neuroinflammation. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), expressed mainly by neuronal cells, is a long-standing marker for neuronal damage. The aim of this review is to summarize, clarify, and evaluate the potential significance and relationship between YKL-40 and NSE as biomarkers in the monitoring and prognosis of a set of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. YKL-40 appears to be a more reliable biomarker in neurological diseases than NSE. The more prominent expression pattern of YKL-40 could be explained with the more obvious involvement of glial cells in pathological processes accompanying each neurodegenerative disease, whereas reduced NSE levels are likely related to low metabolic activity and increased death of neurons.

scholarly journals Color-Indicating, Label-Free, Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal Organic-Polymer-Based-Bioinspired Sensor for Biomolecule Immunodetection

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Haw-Ming Huang ◽  
Er-Yuan Chuang ◽  
Fu-Lun Chen ◽  
Jia-De Lin ◽  
Yu-Cheng Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Home Test ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Alignment Layers

The highly sensitive interfacial effects between liquid crystal (LC) and alignment layers make LC-bioinspired sensors an important technology. However, LC-bioinspired sensors are limited by quantification requiring a polarized microscope and expensive equipment, which makes it difficult to commercialize LC-bioinspired sensors. In this report, we first demonstrate that dye-doped LC (DDLC) chips coated with vertically aligned layers can be employed as a new LC-bioinspired sensing technology. The DDLC-bioinspired sensor was tested by detecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunocomplexes of BSA pairs. The intensities of the dye color of the DDLC-bioinspired sensor can be changed with the concentrations of biomolecules and immunocomplexes. A detection limit of 0.5 µg/mL was shown for the color-indicating DDLC-bioinspired sensors. We also designed a new method to use the quantitative DDLC-bioinspired sensor with a smart-phone for potential of home test. The novel DDLC-bioinspired sensor is cheap, label-free, and easy to use, furthering the technology for home and field-based disease-related detection.

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