scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance among Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from Pig Faeces in Ashanti Region, Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Osei Sekyere ◽  
Francis Adu
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Introduction. Salmonella typhimurium is associated with outbreaks of food-borne nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) worldwide with marked multidrug resistance. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant Salmonella typhimurium in pigs in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Methods. Faeces from 10 pigs per pig farm were collected and mixed to obtain 108 multiply-composite faecal samples. Standard microbiology and biochemical procedures were used to isolate and identify an S. typhimurium isolate from the composite faecal sample of each farm. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out to determine the sensitivity of the isolates. Discussion. From the 108 multiply-composite faecal samples, 72 S. typhimurium isolates were obtained from 72 separate composite samples representing 72 different pig farms. Of the 72 faecal isolates, 32 (52.8%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Twenty-seven isolates (71.1%) were resistant to amoxicillin and streptomycin. Resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin was found in 17 (44.7%), 15 (39.5%), and 8 (21.1%) isolates, respectively. Resistance to norfloxacin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and gentamicin were expressed in 3 (7.9%), 3 (7.9%), and 0 (0.0%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion. Multiple drug resistance is common in S. typhimurium isolates, many of which could belong to the same clone, from pigs in Ashanti Region, Ghana.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in drinking water sources in Akungba‐Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
N. F. Agangan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
The University

In present investigation, the bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivitypattern of drinking water samples collected from different sources ofAkungba Ã¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Nigeria was done. The antibiotics mainly considered in ourstudy for determining the sensitivity were amongst the commonly used inthis area for treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, the bacteriologicalindex, especially coliform count was observed notably high with 72 x10 1 cfu/ml for stream sample and 26.4 x 10 1 cfu/ml for borehole sample. The majorbacterial isolates identified in the water samples were Staphylococcus sp,E.coli  Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria wereobserved showing 75% and 65% resistant to Septrin and Amoxicillin respectively.Also, multiple drug resistance was observed for many antibiotics.Therefore, the presence of high amount antibiotic resistant bacteria of clinicalimportance is reported in these water sources which are usually consumedby students and members of the University community. Hence, thisstudy necessitates the need for water treatment so that epidemics of waterbornebacterial disease can be averted in this region., Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus andothers. With regards to the antibiotic sensitivity test, all isolates showed100% resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin and 85.7% resistance to Zinnacef[a cephalosporin product]. However, the gram 

​Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Salmonella Typhimurium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menguzotunuo Solo ◽  
Shantanu Tamuly ◽  
Luit Moni Barkalita ◽  
Girin Kumar Saikia ◽  
Dhruba Jyoti Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Maximum Production

Background: The non-typhoidal Salmonella causes gastroenteritis in humans that makes its way to the food chain mainly through the animal products. The multiple drug resistance imposes one of the major hurdle in the treatment of the disease. The vaccination appears to be the most important method for prevention of the disease. Unfortunately, there is no liscenced vaccine available against non-typhoidal Salmonellae. The use of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Salmonella as a vaccine candidate has attained significant centre-stage in the recent years given to its protective immunogenicity. However, the large scale production of OMVs is difficult owing to low yield per liter of culture. Methods: In the present study, we have optimized the culture conditions viz. pH, phase of growth and presence of oxidative stress for maximum production of OMVs from Salmonella Typhimurium. The OMVs were characterized based on yield based on protein concentration, lipopolysaccharide concentration and zeta size. Result: In the present study, it was found that incubation of Salmonella Typhimurium up to peak of the growth phase at pH 7 in presence of oxidative stress was found to be the most suitable condition for maximum production of OMVs.

Spectrum and resistance determinants of oral streptococci clinical isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
Nataliia Valerievna Davidovich ◽  
A. S. Galieva ◽  
N. G. Davydova ◽  
O. G. Malygina ◽  
N. N. Kukalevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinically Significant

The profiles of oral streptococci sensitivity to antibacterial drugs may reflect information about the presence of macroorganism resistance determinants. The aim of the work was to isolate the spectrum of oral streptococci from the microbiota of the oral cavity of patients and to determine their sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics. A total of 342 microbial streptococcal isolates were isolated from saliva samples and a periodontal pocket and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Species identification of streptococci was carried out using biochemical API test systems. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance was performed using E-tests. Real-time PCR was used to identify the presence of tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes. The study identified six types of oral streptococci: S. oralis, S. salivarius, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, S. anginosus and S. mutans. All streptococci were sensitive to linezolid and meropenem. The proportion of penicillin-resistant streptococci in the subgroup S. oralis / mitis / mutans was 47,8% versus 23,5% in the subgroup S. salivarius / sanguinis / anginosus (p = 0.020). Significant levels of resistance were revealed to macrolides (erythromycin) - 47,9%, tetracyclines (tetracycline) - 44,4% and quinolones (ofloxacin) - 41%. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 31,9% of oral streptococcal isolates, a combination of erythromycin, tetracycline and ofloxacin resistance was prevalent in 79 isolates (23,1%). The most common genotypes of macrolides and tetracycline resistant oral streptococci (in 127 streptococcal isolates with combined resistance) were ermB-mefE + and tetM + tetQ-, respectively. Thus, S. oralis / mitis / mutans group streptococci predominated in the structure of antibiotic-resistant oral streptococci, including MDR. So, being in one of the most densely populated biotopes of a macroorganism, oral streptococci can mediate the transfer of resistance determinants to more pathogenic and clinically significant microorganisms, which requires careful monitoring of their level of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.

Different Efflux Transporter Affinity and Metabolism of 99mTc-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile and 99mTc-Tetrofosmin for Multidrug Resistance Monitoring in Cancer Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Kobayashi ◽  
Takafumi Tsujiuchi ◽  
Yuya Okui ◽  
Asuka Mizutani ◽  
Kodai Nishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
99Mtc Mibi

Objectives: Little is known about the affinity of 99mTc-labeled 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) and tetrofosmin (99mTc-TF) for multiple drug resistance in cancer cells. Additionally, if 99mTc-labeled compounds are metabolized immediately after injection, imaging with these compounds may not allow monitoring of multiple drug resistance in cancer cells. We examined the affinity of 99mTc-labeled compounds for these transporters and their stability in vivo. Methods: 99mTc-MIBI or 99mTc-TF was incubated in vesicles expressing P-glycoprotein (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)1-4, or breast cancer resistance protein with and without verapamil (MDR1 inhibitor) or MK-571 (MRP inhibitor). Time activity curves of 99mTc-labeled compounds were established using SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, SK-MEL-28 melanoma, and PC-3 prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, and transporter expression of multiple drug resistance was measured in these cells. The stability of 99mTc-labeled compounds was evaluated in mice and human liver S9 fractions. Results: In vesicles, 99mTc-labeled compounds had affinity for MDR1 and MRP1. 99mTc-TF had additional affinity for MRP2 and MRP3. In SK-N-SH cells expressing MDR1 and MRP1, MK-571 produced the highest uptake of both 99mTc-labeled compounds. 99mTc-MIBI uptake with inhibitors was higher than 99mTc-TF uptake with inhibitors. 99mTc-TF was taken up more in SK-MEL-28 cells expressing MRP1 and MRP2 than PC-3 cells expressing MRP1 and MRP3. 99mTc-MIBI was metabolized after a 30-min incubation in SK-N-SH cells, mouse liver, human liver S9 fractions, and plasma. 99mTc-TF had high stability. Conclusion: 99mTc-MIBI is exported via MDR1 and MRP1 (MRP1 > MDR1) at greater levels and more quickly compared to 99mTc-TF, which is exported via MDR1 and MRP1-3 (MRP1 > MDR1; MRP1, 2 > MRP3). Although 99mTc-MIBI is metabolized, clinical imaging for monitoring MDR and shorter examination times may be possible with an earlier scanning time on late phase imaging. 99mTc-TF has high stability and accurately reflects the function of MDR1 and MRP1-3.

scholarly journals Transmissible drug resistance in an epidemic strain ofSalmonella typhimurium

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Datta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
No Elimination

Among 309 cultures ofSalmonella typhimurium, phage-type 27, fifteen, isolated from eight patients, were found to be resistant to the three drugs, streptomycin, tetracycline and sulphathiazole. This triple resistance could be transferred by growth in mixed broth culture to a strain ofSkigella sonneiand back again to sensitive cultures ofS. typhimurium. In whole cultures the resistance was stable, but spontaneous loss could be demonstrated in a small proportion of the organisms in such cultures. No elimination of resistance was demonstrated after treatment with acriflavine. Resemblances to the multiple drug resistance in enteric bacteria reported from Japan are noted.The author is most grateful to Dr E. S. Anderson, Director of the Enteric Reference Laboratory, Colindale, N.W. 9, for phage-typing the cultures ofSalmonella typhimurium, and to Dr K. Patricia Carpenter, Director of the Dysentery Reference Laboratory, for supplying cultures ofSh. sonneiwhich were essential for the experimental work.

scholarly journals Multidrug Therapy and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance: When Order Matters

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (17) ◽  
pp. 6137-6142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel G. Perron ◽  
Sergey Kryazhimskiy ◽  
Daniel P. Rice ◽  
Angus Buckling
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Sequential Therapy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multidrug Therapy

ABSTRACTThe evolution of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria has led public health workers to rely increasingly on multidrug therapy to treat infections. Here, we compare the efficacy of combination therapy (i.e., using two antibiotics simultaneously) and sequential therapy (i.e., switching two antibiotics) in minimizing the evolution of multidrug resistance. Usingin vitroexperiments, we show that the sequential use of two antibiotics againstPseudomonas aeruginosacan slow down the evolution of multiple-drug resistance when the two antibiotics are used in a specific order. A simple population dynamics model reveals that using an antibiotic associated with high costs of resistance first minimizes the chance of multidrug resistance evolution during sequential therapy under limited mutation supply rate. As well as presenting a novel approach to multidrug therapy, this work shows that costs of resistance not only influences the persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also plays an important role in the emergence of resistance.

scholarly journals Citric acid: A potential permeabilizer against multiple drug resistance enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti G. Dharmik ◽  
Ashok V. Gomashe ◽  
Bharat J. Wadher
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Enteric diseases enter through the mouth and are usually spread by contaminated food, water or contact with contaminated vomit or feces. Enteric infection encompasses all the infections of the intestinal tract. These intestinal infections include organisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus etc. Out of these, E. coli are one of the common causes of enteric infection. In spite the introduction of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents against enteric diseases, life threatening infections caused by E. coli contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli obtained from stool samples and potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant E. coli. Out of the 200 isolates of E. coli, 150 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. 0.05% and 0.1% citric acid was found to be effective in increasing the potency of the all the antibiotics used in the study.

scholarly journals Plasmid profile and drug resistance pattern of zoonotic Salmonella isolates from Indian buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoj Raj Singh ◽  
Meenu Agarwal ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
Meena Verma ◽  
Gautam Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east Asia, including India; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. Methodology: Forty-six strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica  belonging to eight serovars (S. Anatum, 13; S. Weltevreden, 13; S. Rostock, 6; S. Typhimurium, 5; S. Gallinarum, 5; S. Stockholm, 1; S. Dublin, 1; and S. Orion, 2), isolated from buffalo meat and diseased buffaloes were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile. Results: All except six strains of Salmonella had one or more plasmids. Virulence plasmid of ~35MdA was present in 39 isolates while 19 strains had one to six additional plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 1 Mda > 35 Mda. A plasmid-free S. Anatum strain was resistant to seven drugs including fluoroquinolones, while strains having six to seven plasmids were resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs. One S. Anatum isolate, resistant to 11 antibiotics, had only one plasmid. Eight serovars of Salmonella could be divided into 28 resistotypes on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity assay. Most strains were resistant to streptomycin (84.8%) followed by kanamycin (58.7%), gentamicin (52.2%), ampicillin (50%) and oxytetracycline (50%). Few strains were resistant to cefotaxime (2.2%), amoxycillin (2.2%) and newer fluoroquinolones (6.5%). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance was common among Salmonella isolates of buffalo origin, particularly against aminoglycosides, oxytetracycin, ampicillin and cephalexin. Presence of plasmids is not mandatory for occurrence of multiple drug resistance in S. enterica strains.

Isolation, identification, molecular detection and sensitivity to antibiotics of Salmonella from cattle faeces

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
M. N. K. Khan ◽  
M. R. Das ◽  
M. A. Sabur ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. B. Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The present study was designed with the aim of isolation and identification of Salmonella by con-ventional culture method and their confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibacte-rial sensitivity study of isolated Salmonella from cattle faeces was also performed. During the study period of July 2017 to June 2018, a total of 200 faecal samples were collected from different government and private farms in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Out of 200 samples, 24 (12%) were found to be positive for Salmonella by conventional culture methods. Among the twenty four suspected colonies of Salmonella, seventeen were confirmed by biochemical test and same number was detected by PCR estimating a prevalence of 8.5% (17/200). The prevalence was high-er in calves under 1 year of age (16%) compared with older animals (11.25% of 1–2 years; 10% of above 2 years of age) but without statistically significant differences (χ2=4.835, P=0.089). Moreo-ver, in diarrhoeic animals the prevalence was significantly higher (32.14%, χ2=49.414, P<0.01) than in apparently healthy animals (8.72%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that highest number of Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%), gentamicin (100%) and neomycin (100%). On the other hand, significantly high resistance of Salmonella isolates was detected to erythromycin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), cotrimoxazole (81.48%), streptomycin (62.96%) followed by tetracycline (55.56%).

scholarly journals Salmonella Gene rma (ramA) and Multiple-Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2292-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahar van der Straaten ◽  
Riny Janssen ◽  
Dik J. Mevius ◽  
Jaap T. van Dissel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT MarA and its homologue, RamA, have been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR). RamA overexpression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli conferred MDR independently of marA. Inactivation of ramA did not affect the antibiotic susceptibilities of wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or 15 unrelated clinical MDR isolates. Thus, ramA overexpression is not a common MDR mechanism in Salmonella.

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