scholarly journals Plasmid profile and drug resistance pattern of zoonotic Salmonella isolates from Indian buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoj Raj Singh ◽  
Meenu Agarwal ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
Meena Verma ◽  
Gautam Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east Asia, including India; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. Methodology: Forty-six strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica  belonging to eight serovars (S. Anatum, 13; S. Weltevreden, 13; S. Rostock, 6; S. Typhimurium, 5; S. Gallinarum, 5; S. Stockholm, 1; S. Dublin, 1; and S. Orion, 2), isolated from buffalo meat and diseased buffaloes were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile. Results: All except six strains of Salmonella had one or more plasmids. Virulence plasmid of ~35MdA was present in 39 isolates while 19 strains had one to six additional plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 1 Mda > 35 Mda. A plasmid-free S. Anatum strain was resistant to seven drugs including fluoroquinolones, while strains having six to seven plasmids were resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs. One S. Anatum isolate, resistant to 11 antibiotics, had only one plasmid. Eight serovars of Salmonella could be divided into 28 resistotypes on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity assay. Most strains were resistant to streptomycin (84.8%) followed by kanamycin (58.7%), gentamicin (52.2%), ampicillin (50%) and oxytetracycline (50%). Few strains were resistant to cefotaxime (2.2%), amoxycillin (2.2%) and newer fluoroquinolones (6.5%). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance was common among Salmonella isolates of buffalo origin, particularly against aminoglycosides, oxytetracycin, ampicillin and cephalexin. Presence of plasmids is not mandatory for occurrence of multiple drug resistance in S. enterica strains.

​Multidrug-resistance Pattern of Antibiogram of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitis Affected Buffaloes in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Singh ◽  
J.P. Singh ◽  
Vibha Yadav ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Yadav ◽  
Ramakant . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Mastitis is a problem of dairy animals including buffaloes. Treatment failure has become a common problem and the most cited reason is antibiotic resistance. The paper presents the scenario of antibiotic resistance with special reference to multi drug resistance pattern. Methods: Microbiological assay of mastitis affected 48 milk samples was carried out using standard protocols to establish the prevalence of mastitis caused by E. coli and S. aureus. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out against these organisms and the whole milk culture for commonly used antibiotics. The drug resistance pattern was established. Result: The overall prevalence of mastitis was 20%. The prevalence of E. coli and S. aureus was 29.17% and 54.17% respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity revealed that E.coli isolates were 100% susceptible to tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin and streptopenicillin followed by Ceftriaxone and sulbactum combination and streptomycin (92.86%) and ceftriaxone and methicillin (85.71%). The isolates of S. aureus were 100% sensitive to only two antibiotics gentamicin and streptopenicillin. The antibiogram of whole milk culture revealed maximum susceptibility to enrofloxacin, gentamicin and streptopeniciliin (95.83% each). Multiple drug resistance has been observed in this study.

scholarly journals Newly Emerged Serotype 1c of Shigella flexneri: Multiple Origins and Changing Drug Resistance Landscape

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Pawan Parajuli ◽  
Bui Quang Minh ◽  
Naresh K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is a major cause of under-five mortality in developing countries, where a novel S. flexneri serotype 1c has become very common since the 1980s. However, the origin and diversification of serotype 1c remain poorly understood. To understand the evolution of serotype 1c and their antimicrobial resistance, we sequenced and analyzed the whole-genome of 85 clinical isolates from the United Kingdom, Egypt, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan belonging to serotype 1c and related serotypes of 1a, 1b and Y/Yv. We identified up to three distinct O-antigen modifying genes in S. flexneri 1c strains, which were acquired from three different bacteriophages. Our analysis shows that S. flexneri 1c strains have originated from serotype 1a and serotype 1b strains after the acquisition of bacteriophage-encoding gtrIc operon. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis using core genes suggests two distinct S. flexneri 1c lineages, one specific to Bangladesh, which originated from ancestral serotype 1a strains and the other from the United Kingdom, Egypt, and Vietnam originated from ancestral serotype 1b strains. We also identified 63 isolates containing multiple drug-resistant genes in them conferring resistance against streptomycin, sulfonamide, quinolone, trimethoprim, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactamase. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility assays showed 83 (97.6%) isolates as either complete or intermediate resistance to the WHO-recommended first- and second-line drugs. This changing drug resistance pattern demonstrates the urgent need for drug resistance surveillance and renewed treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, Plasmids and Integron Profile of Salmonella Species Isolated from Poultry Farm and Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohinur Begum ◽  
Sultana Juhara Mannan ◽  
Aliza Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Class I ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm and five from patients were included in this study. All strains were isolated and identified by using selective media, standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method using twelve commercial antibiotic discs of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Plasmid profile and integron gene detection were conducted by Kado-Liu method and PCR, respectively. Only aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and gentamycin were shown to be inhibitory to all strains. However, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicilin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid revealed different degrees of resistance pattern against environmental and clinical strains. Analysis of plasmid demonstrated that three environmental strains contained both plasmids of 140 Mda and 62 Mda. On the other hand, another three strains, one environmental and two clinical isolate only contained 140 Mda plasmid. All the plasmid containing strains (140 Mda and 62 Mda) exhibited same type of drug resistance pattern, whereas strains containing the 140 Mda plasmid only did not show similar type of resistance pattern. Therefore, no correlation was found between plasmid containing strains and drug resistance. Four environmental strains were also found to be positive for the class I integron and one clinical isolated was positive for class I integron gene conferring resistance to common antibiotics. However, none of the strains were found to contain class II integron. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that both environmental and clinical strains contain both large to middle size plasmids and integron I but not integron II. The plasmid and integron I containing strains experienced resistance to different antibiotics, used in the experiments.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 209-214, 2016 (December)

scholarly journals Phenotypic properties of R factors ofPseudomonas aeruginosa:R factors readily transferable betweenPseudomonasand the Enterobacteriaceae

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Chandler ◽  
V. Krishnapillai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
R Factors ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARYR factors have been demonstrated in multiply drug resistant strains of enterobacteria andPseudomonas aeruginosain a Birmingham hospital (Lowburyet al.1969; Ingram, Richmond & Sykes, 1973). A comparative genetic analysis of these R factors has been initiated on the basis of a variety of phenotypic characteristics. This paper describes the properties of R factors derived from strains which could transfer multiple drug resistance to the recipient speciesP. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneriandSalmonella typhimurium. Two types of R factor could be recognized phenotypically. The single group 1 R factor, R18–1 which is probably the same as RPl-1 (Ingramet al.1972) was different to the group 2 R factors in many respects, including host range, R factor-specific phage plating, cellular location, drug resistance pattern, and stability. The group 2 R factors were found to be very similar to RPl (Grinstedet al.1972) and R1822 (Olsen & Shipley, 1973) with respect to their wide host range, plating of a sex specific phage, extrachromosomal location, and drug resistance pattern. Compatibility was shown between the group 1 R factor and a group 2 R factor, providing additional evidence for significant genetic differences.

scholarly journals A comparative study of Bacterial culture isolates, site of infections and drug resistance pattern between COVID and non COVID patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital: A Pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Halder ◽  
Deep Narayan Mukherjee ◽  
Soumyadeep Seal ◽  
Hindol Dasgupta ◽  
Mainak Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

AbstractIntroductionSARS-CoV2 which is a corona virus also predisposes patient to secondary bacterial infection by various mechanisms like-damaging the respiratory epithelium, profoundly affecting the innate and adaptive immunity, antagonising Interferon responses that enhance bacterial adherence, colonisation and invasion to respiratory tissue. In addition, prolonged hospital stay, invasive therapeutic devices, widespread use of empiric antibiotics and most importantly use of immune-suppressants like Steroid or Tocilizumab further increases the chances of bacterial infection. As opposed to this concept-physical distancing, frequent hand washing and use of gloves and protective gear by the healthcare workers also diminishes the chance of secondary bacterial infection. The present study is done to delineate the bacteriological profile, infection site predisposition or to gain knowledge on antibiotic sensitivity pattern.MethodRetrospective data will be analyzed from June 2020, when the first COVID wave came to June 2021, corresponding to second COVID wave. The present study is a pilot study before collecting and analyzing the whole data Only those samples which were positive for bacterial isolates were randomly selected and the COVID status and drug resistance patterns were checked.Results and discussionThe most common organism found was Klebsiella. Acinetobacter was also found in few patients. But most striking finding was that COVID positive patients showed higher incidence of antibiotic resistance with Acinetobacter. Though E Coli was also found commonly in COVID positive patients, they were not drug resistant.ConclusionMDR infections are common in COVID patients. Acinetobacter and Klebsiella are prone to develope MDR infections. While E.Coli is also common in COVID patients, chance of drug resistance is less among them.

scholarly journals Plasmid Analysis and Curing of Multidrug Resistant of Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Ulcer Patients in Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. K. Onifade ◽  
M. A. Bakare
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
H Pylori

Plasmid profile of multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori isolated from ulcer patients in Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated. It was observed that the H. pylori isolated from ulcer patients in the course of the research were resistance to certain antibiotics. Consequently on the emergence of multiple drug resistance exhibited by the H. pylori, a total of 9 different antibiotics were tested against the H. pylori isolated from various locations to determine their in-vitro susceptibility pattern. The findings of the in-vitro antibiotics susceptibility testing are quite astonishing due to a high incidence of multiple drug resistance. Majority of the H. pylori showed high level of resistance against some specific number of antibiotics.  The multidrug resistance observed in this study seems to be plasmid mediated. Moreover frequent use of over-the-counter antibiotics and abuse of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administration and abuse of drugs of sub – standard chemical quality has been identified as a major problem. The results from this investigative study have shown that resistance in H. pylori was plasmid based.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumik Kundu ◽  
Mahfuza Marzan ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Md Asiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Resistance to anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) antibiotics is a major public health concern for many high-TB burden countries in Asia, including Bangladesh. Therefore, to represent the overall drug-resistance pattern against TB in Bangladesh, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies related to antibiotic-resistant TB. A total of 24 studies covering 13,336 patients with TB were secured and included. The random-effects model was used to calculate the summary estimates. The pooled prevalence of any, mono, multi, poly, and extensive anti-TB antibiotic-resistances were 45.3% [95% CI: 33.5–57.1], 14.3% [95% CI: 11.4–17.2], 22.2% [95% CI: 18.8–25.7], 7.7% [95% CI: 5.6–9.7], and 0.3% [95% CI: 0.0–1.0], respectively. Among any first and second-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid (35.0%) and cycloserine (44.6%) resistances were the highest, followed by ethambutol (16.2%) and gatifloxacin (0.2%). Any, multi, and poly drug-resistances were higher in retreatment cases compared to the newly diagnosed cases, although mono drug-resistance tended to be higher in newly diagnosed cases (15.7%) than that in retreatment cases (12.5%). The majority (82.6%) of the included studies were of high quality, with most not exhibiting publication bias. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that all outcomes are robust and reliable. It is concluded that resistance to anti-TB drugs in Bangladesh is rampant and fast growing. Therefore, the implementation of a nationwide surveillance system to detect suspected and drug-resistant TB cases, as well as to ensure a more encompassing treatment management by national TB control program, is highly recommended.

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