scholarly journals Exploring Trade-Offs between Specialized Dataflow Kernels and a Reusable Overlay in a Stereo Matching Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kenter ◽  
Henning Schmitz ◽  
Christian Plessl
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
Spatial Programming

FPGAs are known to permit huge gains in performance and efficiency for suitable applications but still require reduced design efforts and shorter development cycles for wider adoption. In this work, we compare the resulting performance of two design concepts that in different ways promise such increased productivity. As common starting point, we employ a kernel-centric design approach, where computational hotspots in an application are identified and individually accelerated on FPGA. By means of a complex stereo matching application, we evaluate two fundamentally different design philosophies and approaches for implementing the required kernels on FPGAs. In the first implementation approach, we designed individually specialized data flow kernels in a spatial programming language for a Maxeler FPGA platform; in the alternative design approach, we target a vector coprocessor with large vector lengths, which is implemented as a form of programmable overlay on the application FPGAs of a Convey HC-1. We assess both approaches in terms of overall system performance, raw kernel performance, and performance relative to invested resources. After compensating for the effects of the underlying hardware platforms, the specialized dataflow kernels on the Maxeler platform are around 3x faster than kernels executing on the Convey vector coprocessor. In our concrete scenario, due to trade-offs between reconfiguration overheads and exposed parallelism, the advantage of specialized dataflow kernels is reduced to around 2.5x.

Modular product design for additive manufacturing of satellite components: maximising product value using genetic algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Borgue ◽  
Massimo Panarotto ◽  
Ola Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Modular Product ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Function Modelling ◽  
Part Consolidation ◽  
Component Interface ◽  
Optimisation Algorithms

For space manufacturers, additive manufacturing promises to dramatically reduce weight and costs by means of integral designs achieved through part consolidation. However, integrated designs hinder the ability to change and service components over time – actually increasing costs – which is instead enabled by highly modular designs. Finding the optimal trade-off between integral and modular designs in additive manufacturing is of critical importance. In this article, a product modularisation methodology is proposed for supporting such trade-offs. The methodology is based on combining function modelling with optimisation algorithms. It evaluates product design concepts with respect to product adaptability, component interface costs, manufacturing costs and cost of post-processing activities. The developed product modularisation methodology is derived from data collected through a series of workshops with industrial practitioners from three different manufacturer companies of space products. The implementation of the methodology is demonstrated in a case study featuring the redesign of a satellite antenna.

Preliminary Design and Performance of Counter Rotating Turbines for Open Rotors: Part II — 0-D Methodology and Case Study for a 160 PAX Aircraft

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bellocq ◽  
Inaki Garmendia ◽  
Jordane Legrand ◽  
Vishal Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Direct Drive Open Rotors (DDORs) have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions relative to conventional turbofans. However, this engine architecture presents many design and operational challenges both at engine and aircraft level. At preliminary design stages, a broad design space exploration is required to identify potential optimum design regions and to understand the main trade offs of this novel engine architecture. These assessments may also aid the development process when compromises need to be performed as a consequence of design, operational or regulatory constraints. Design space exploration assessments are done with 0-D or 1-D models for computational purposes. These simplified 0-D and 1-D models have to capture the impact of the independent variation of the main design and control variables of the engine. Historically, it appears that for preliminary design studies of DDORs, Counter Rotating Turbines (CRTs) have been modelled as conventional turbines and therefore it was not possible to assess the impact of the variation of the number of stages (Nb) of the CRT and rotational speed of the propellers. Additionally, no preliminary design methodology for CRTs was found in the public domain. Part I of this two-part publication proposes a 1-D preliminary design methodology for DDOR CRTs which allows an independent definition of both parts of the CRT. A method for calculating the off-design performance of a known CRT design is also described. In Part II, a 0-D design point efficiency calculation for CRTs is proposed and verified with the 1-D methods. The 1-D and 0-D CRT models were used in an engine control and design space exploration case study of a DDOR with a 4.26m diameter an 10% clipped propeller for a 160 PAX aircraft. For this application: • the design and performance of a 20 stage CRT rotating at 860 rpm (both drums) obtained with the 1-D methods is presented. • differently from geared open rotors, negligible cruise fuel savings can be achieved by an advanced propeller control. • for rotational speeds between 750 and 880 rpm (relatively low speeds for reduced noise), 22 and 20 stages CRTs are required. • engine weight can be kept constant for different design rotational speeds by using the minimum required Nb. • for any target engine weight, TOC and cruise SFC are reduced by reducing the rotational speeds and increasing Nb (also favourable for reducing CRP noise). However additional CRT stages increase engine drag, mechanical complexity and cost.

scholarly journals Actions to Align Energy Projects With the Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constança Martins Leite de Almeida ◽  
Elin Bergqvist ◽  
Scott Thacker ◽  
Francesco Fuso Nerini
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract The 2030 Agenda is an aspiring set of goals and targets that aims to prompt humanity towards a sustainable development by 2030. In order to achieve this, actions that mitigate trade-offs and enhance synergies within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) need to be identified. However, for the energy sector these actions are dispersed across the scientific literature, which is a clear barrier to encourage practitioners to have a proactive and pragmatic approach towards the SDGs. For this reason, a set of actions for energy projects was compiled. This compilation addresses the synergies and trade-offs identified in the Sustainable Development Goals Impact Assessment Framework for Energy Projects (SDG-IAE). One case study was used to test the actions, the lighthouse Project VARGA. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to understand how possible actions can impact different technologies, project stages, actors and SDG targets. In this way, enabling policymakers and project developers to define areas of action when evaluating policies or considering specific intervention. This article aims to be the starting point of stakeholder discussions that consistently frame energy projects within the achievement of the SDGs.

Migrating a Legacy Web-Based Document-Analysis Application to Hadoop and HBase

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Vashishtha ◽  
Michael Smit ◽  
Eleni Stroulia
Keyword(s):  
Development Activity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Software Platforms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Web Based System

Migrating a legacy application to a more modern computing platform is a recurring software-development activity. This chapter describes the authors’ experience with a contemporary rendition of this activity, migrating a Web-based system to a service-oriented application on two different cloud software platforms, Hadoop and HBase. Using the case study as a running example, they review the information needed for a successful migration and examine the trade-offs between development/re-design effort and performance/scalability improvements. The two levels of re-design, towards Hadoop and HBase, require notably different levels of effort, and as the authors found through exercising the migrated applications, they achieve different benefits. The authors found that both redesigns led to substantial benefit in performance improvement, and that expending the additional effort required by the more complex migration resulted in notable improvements in the ability to leverage the benefits of the platform.

Perceptions unfolded: managerial implementation in perception formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Howard Grøn
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The literature so far has shown that perceptions of managerial interventions matter for motivation and performance. However, how these perceptions are formed and develop over time is less clear. The purpose of this paper is to fill part of this gap. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a panel case study to investigate how perceptions of a managerial intervention are formed and developed over time among daycare workers in a Danish municipality. Findings The paper reveals the dynamic nature of preferences and the centrality of the local manager in perception formation, illustrating that it is not necessarily the implementation style (soft/hard) that is important as much as the managerial involvement in the initiative. Practical implications Whereas managers are still well advised to consider the pros and cons of a hard vs a soft implementation approach, this paper also underlines the importance of constant managerial involvement not only to ensure implementation but also to continuously impact the way managerial interventions are perceived. Originality/value The paper adds to the existing knowledge about perception formation by using a panel case study, hence illustrating the dynamic character of perception formation.

scholarly journals Cost, Draping, Material and Partitioning Optimization of a Composite Rail Vehicle Structure

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Daniel Lang ◽  
Donald W. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Draping Simulation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Designs

This study proposes a novel methodology to combine topology optimization and ply draping simulation to partition composite structures, improve structural performance, select materials, and enable more accurate representations of cost- and weight-efficient manufacturable designs. The proposed methodology is applied to a structure as a case study to verify that the methodology is effective. One design concept is created by subjecting the structure to a kinematic ply draping simulation to inform the partitioning of the structure, improve drapability and performance, and reduce structural defects. A second design concept is created that assumes that plies are draped over the entire structural geometry, forming an integral design. The two design concepts’ topologies are subsequently optimized to specify ideal material and ply geometries to minimize mass and reduce costs. The results indicate that the partitioned structure has a 19% lower mass and 15% lower material costs than the integral design. The two designs produced with the new methodology are also compared against two control designs created to emulate previously published methodologies that have not incorporated ply draping simulations. This demonstrates that neglecting the effects of ply draping produces topology optimization solutions that under-predict the mass of a structure by 26% and costs by 38%.

Combining Dynamic Foot Scanning and Additive Manufacturing for the Production of Insoles: a Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
André S. Salles ◽  
Diane E. Gyi ◽  
Timo Schmeltzpfenning
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Static Data ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Dynamic Scanning

The development of an insole that is representative of the foot's dynamic nature is crucial for good fit as well as comfort and performance. Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to allow the production of such insoles because of its tool-less capabilities and the ability to directly manufacture from CAD models at no extra cost. Research therefore has been undertaken to explore a process of foot capture by using a dynamic scanner for the design and manufacture of insoles using AM. The feet of four individuals were dynamically and statically scanned and from these data, four insole designs were developed for each person. The designs were: footprint, dynamic, average and static. The results indicated that the personalisation process is complex, mainly due to the need to identify and select the point cloud(s) from a large number of frames and manipulate them accordingly, presenting challenges in the design phase. The data from this study have demonstrated that combining dynamic scanning and AM technology is feasible for developing personalised insoles. While traditional footwear/insole is based on static data, this study can be considered as a starting point for the development of personalised insoles by using dynamic scanning and AM.

Knowledge Management Implementation in a Consultancy Firm

2011 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Kuan Yew Wong ◽  
Wai Peng Wong
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Coordination Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Consultancy Firm

KM has become an important strategy for improving organisational competitiveness and performance. Organisations can certainly benefit from the lessons learnt and insights gained from those that have adopted it. This chapter presents the results of a case study conducted in a consultancy firm, and the major aim is to identify how KM has been developed and implemented. Specifically, the elements investigated in the case study include the following KM aspects: strategies and activities, leadership and coordination, systems and tools, training, culture and motivation, outcomes and measurement, and implementation approach. Hopefully, the information extracted from this study will be beneficial to other organisations that are embarking on the KM journey.

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