scholarly journals Thorough Characterization of Brazilian New Generation of Eucalypt Clones and Grass for Pulp Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando José Borges Gomes ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Auphélia Burnet ◽  
Larisse Aparecida Ribas Batalha ◽  
Fernando Almeida Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Pulp Production

Eucalypt wood is becoming the most important raw material for the pulp industries in South America. However, due to the high wood cost in comparison to other raw material sources, nonwoody materials are also being investigated aiming at pulp production. In this way, this paper aimed at the evaluation of eighteen eucalypt clones obtained from the Brazilian Genolyptus project, regarding their potential characteristics for pulp production. Aiming at the same goal, two species of elephant grass were also evaluated as alternative raw material sources. Through the analyses of the anatomic and chemical characteristics, five eucalypt clones and one elephant grass species were indicated for pulp production and biorefinery application. The results of this study indicate the high technological quality ofEucalyptusclones evaluated and indicate that they can be used for biorefinery applications since they have the suitable characteristics. In general, the eucalypt clones are less moist and denser and contain fewer minerals and extraneous materials than the elephant grass species, which make them more attractive for utilization in deconstruction studies aiming at production of bioproducts.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

scholarly journals Formulation Development and Performance Characterization of Ecological Dust Suppressant for Road Surfaces in Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10466
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Cuifeng Du ◽  
Mengmeng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Performance Characterization ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Road Surfaces

In order to solve the problem of road dust pollution, an ecological dust suppressant for road surfaces has been developed using monomer, orthogonal, and optimization experiments and based on the dust raising mechanism. A humectant, hygroscopic agent, coagulant and surfactant and their concentration ranges have been determined through monomer experiment. The preliminary formula of the dust suppressant has been obtained through orthogonal experiment, with the water loss rate, moisture content rate, viscosity value, and surface tension value serving as experimental indexes. The optimal formula for the dust suppressor has been calculated through an optimization experiment, with the toxicity, moisture absorption and retention performance of plants, and the relative damage rate of plant seeds serving as experimental indexes. Based on the performance characterization of ecological road dust suppressant, the ecologically and environmentally friendly dust suppressant demonstrates fine moisture absorption and retention performance, good wind and rain erosion resistance, and no toxicity. The ecological road dust suppressant developed herein covers extensive raw material sources. It is ecologically and environmentally friendly, fit for most urban roads, and has a fine dust suppression effect. Meanwhile, it also can bring in good economic and social benefits, demonstrating its broad application prospects.

scholarly journals Comparative characterization of starch biopolymers extracted from cereals using two different techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Marisa Rivera-Arredondo ◽  
Mario Alberto Rodríguez-Ángeles ◽  
Verónica de Jesús Morales-Félix ◽  
Marina Gaytán-Ruelas
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Comparative Characterization ◽  
Naoh Treatment

In the field of research and consequent elaboration of biopolymers it has been growing in the last decade, either due to the hardening of the environmental legislation of each country or due to ecological awareness, in any case the term biopolymer is quite broad, these being used as material premium in medicines, food supplements and of course in the production of bioplastics. Since the topic of interest is the comparative characterization of biopolymers using starch extracted from two different cereals, oats and rice, using the alkaline technique with NaOH treatment and the milling technique, assuming that the starch extracted from the Oryza sativa cereal presents chemical characteristics, geometric and mechanical superior in both techniques used unlike the polymers made with Avena sativa starch. These results suggest that the starch quality of each cereal is relevant for the production of biopolymers [1]. The commercially significant properties of starch, such as its mechanical strength and flexibility, depend on the strength and character of the crystalline region, which depends on the ratio of amylose and amylopectin.

QUALIDADE DO CALDO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL EM CULTIVARES DE SORGO SACARINO SOB ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
CRISTÓBAL SOTO SOLANO ◽  
NIRALDO JOSÉ PONCIANO ◽  
ROGÉRIO FIGUEIREDO DAHER ◽  
RAFAEL AUGUSTO DA COSTA ◽  
PAULO MARCELO DE SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

 RESUMO - O sorgo sacarino tem potencial de uso como fonte de matéria-prima para a produção de bioetanol. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, analisar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura na qualidade do caldo para produção de etanol de quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino. O experimento foi conduzido em Campos dos Goytacazes- RJ, de janeiro a maio de 2014. Foram estudadas quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino: BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509 e BRS 511 e cinco de doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160, 240 e 320 Kg ha-1), aplicadas aos 25 e 45 dias após semeadura. Os resultados mostraram que valor Brix, açúcares redutores totais, açúcares totais recuperáveis, volume do caldo e rendimento de etanol foram afetados pela adubação nitrogenada. Para todas as características, o valor máximo foi obtido pela dose de 240 kg de N ha-1. Entre as cultivares, a BRS 506 mostrou-se superior em produção de caldo e rendimento de etanol. Enquanto a BRS 511 destacou-se nos atributos ART e ATR, e a cultivar BRS 508 sobressaiu-se no valor Brix. A cultivar BRS 506 apresentou melhor resultado combinado, com maior volume de caldo e rendimento de etanol com as doses de 204 e 212 kg N ha-1, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: biocombustíveis, rendimento de álcool carburante, atributos industriais, caracterização da matéria prima, genótipos. QUALITY OF BROTH FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CULTIVARS OF SACARINE SORGHUM UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION  ABSTRACT - Sweet sorghum has potential as a source of raw material for the production of bioethanol. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of nitrogen topdressing on the quality of the juice for ethanol production from four cultivars of sorghum. The experiment was conducted in Campos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to May 2014. Four cultivars of sorghum: BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 were studied, and five nitrogen rates (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1), applied to 25 and 45 days after sowing. The results showed that the value Brix, total reducing sugars, total recoverable sugars, broth volume and ethanol yield were affected by nitrogen fertilization. For all features, the maximum value was obtained for the dose of 240 kg N ha-1. Among cultivars, BRS 506 was superior in production of broth and ethanol yield. BRS 511 stood out in the attributes ART and ATR, and BRS 508, in value Brix. BRS 506 had better combined result of higher volume of juice and ethanol yield with doses of 204 and 212 kg N ha-1, respectively Keywords: biofuels, fuel ethanol output, industrial attributes, characterization of raw materials, genotypes.   

scholarly journals Palm Sap Sources, Characteristics, and Utilization in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Kurniawan ◽  
Jayanudin ◽  
Indar Kustiningsih ◽  
Mochamad Adha Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Nipa Palm ◽  
Available Technology

Sap from various species palm trees in which known as neera generally produced by traditional technology in Indonesia. There are 5 well known palm species that produce Neera in Indonesia such as arenga palm, coconut tree, doub palm, nipa palm and palm oil. Neera can be utilized as raw material for various derivatives such as palm sugar, sweet palm toddy, and alcoholic toddy. Tapping ofneera is a crucial step because neera prone to immediately degrade and causing poor quality of palm sugar. Traditional sugar processing has some drawbacks for example: low energy efficiency processing and off-specification products. On the other side, sugar palm neera has important antioxidant component which benefits for human that unavailable in normal white sugar from sugarcane. In this current review, characterization of neera from various palms in Indonesia and available technology on sugar palm processing such as spray dryer and membrane ultrafiltration will be discussed.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of Fucoidan from the Brown Seaweed Sargassum binderi Sonder

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellya Sinurat ◽  
Rosmawaty Peranginangin ◽  
Endang Saepudin
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Monomer Content ◽  
Sargassum Binderi ◽  
Total Sulfate

The brown seaweed Sargassumsp. is well known as a source of fucoidan. Brown seaweeds found in Indonesia seas are dominated by Sargassum sp.The objectives of this research was to purify and characterize fucoidan from S. binderi Sonder. The fresh raw material was defatted by macerated in methanol:chloroform:water (4:2:1), filtered, rinsed with acetone and then air-dried in room temperature. The defatted dried seaweed was extracted with 0.01M HCl pH 4 at room temperature. Purification has been conducted using anion exchanger. The quality of fucoidan sample was determined for total sugar, functional group using FTIR, monomer content, total ash, and total sulfate in the ester form. The result shows that pure fucoidan contains fucose as the primary sugar component, and otherminor sugars (galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose). Chemical composition of crude fucoidan consisted of 74.25% fucose; 0.28% uronate acid; 10.29% sulfate and 5.5% protein. Purification using DEAE Sephadex A-25 gave 4 fraction pools yielding total sugar (%) of F1 (17.59); F2 (18.92); F3 (13.72); F4 (49.76), respectively. The components that build the fucoidan of S. binderi Sonder were estimated derived to be from fucoidan oligomers including (1,4)-L-FucS-Gal and D-(1,4)-Gal-GalS. 

scholarly journals Chromatographic characterization of pyroligneous liquid obtained from carbonization of peach stone

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽  
Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.

scholarly journals Caracterización comparativa de biopolímeros de almidón extraídos de cereales mediante dos técnicas diferentes

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Marisa Rivera-Arredondo ◽  
Mario Alberto Rodríguez-Ángeles ◽  
Verónica de Jesús Morales-Félix ◽  
Mariana Gaytán-Ruelas
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Naoh Treatment

In the field of research and consequent elaboration of biopolymers it has been growing in the last decade, either due to the hardening of the environmental legislation of each country or due to ecological awareness, in any case the term biopolymer is quite broad, these being used as material premium in medicines, food supplements and of course in the production of bioplastics. Since the topic of interest is the comparative characterization of biopolymers using starch extracted from two different cereals, oats and rice, using the alkaline technique with NaOH treatment and the milling technique, assuming that the starch extracted from the Oryza sativa cereal presents chemical characteristics, geometric and mechanical superior in both techniques used unlike the polymers made with Avena sativa starch. These results suggest that the starch quality of each cereal is relevant for the production of biopolymers [1]. The commercially significant properties of starch, such as its mechanical strength and flexibility, depend on the strength and character of the crystalline region, which depends on the ratio of amylose and amylopectin.

scholarly journals Palm Sap Sources, Characteristics, and Utilization in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Kurniawan ◽  
Jayanudin ◽  
Indar Kustiningsih ◽  
Mochamad Adha Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Nipa Palm ◽  
Available Technology

Sap from various species palm trees in which known as neera generally produced by traditional technology in Indonesia. There are 5 well known palm species that produce Neera in Indonesia such as arenga palm, coconut tree, doub palm, nipa palm and palm oil. Neera can be utilized as raw material for various derivatives such as palm sugar, sweet palm toddy, and alcoholic toddy. Tapping of neera is a crucial step because neera prone to immediately degrade and causing poor quality of palm sugar. Traditional sugar processing has some drawbacks for example: low energy efficiency processing and off-specification products. On the other side, sugar palm neera has important antioxidant component which benefits for human that unavailable in normal white sugar from sugarcane. In this current review, characterization of neera from various palms in Indonesia and available technology on sugar palm processing such as spray dryer and membrane ultrafiltration will be discussed.

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