scholarly journals Multifunctional DNA Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Yan Tam ◽  
Pik Kwan Lo
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Self Assembled

The rapidly emerging DNA nanotechnology began with pioneer Seeman’s hypothesis that DNA not only can carry genetic information but also can be used as molecular organizer to create well-designed and controllable nanomaterials for applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and biology. DNA-based self-assembly represents a versatile system for nanoscale construction due to the well-characterized conformation of DNA and its predictability in the formation of base pairs. The structural features of nucleic acids form the basis of constructing a wide variety of DNA nanoarchitectures with well-defined shapes and sizes, in addition to controllable permeability and flexibility. More importantly, self-assembled DNA nanostructures can be easily functionalized to construct artificial functional systems with nanometer scale precision for multipurposes. Apparently scientists envision artificial DNA-based nanostructures as tool for drug loading andin vivotargeted delivery because of their abilities in selective encapsulation and stimuli-triggered release of cargo. Herein, we summarize the strategies of creating multidimensional self-assembled DNA nanoarchitectures and review studies investigating their stability, toxicity, delivery efficiency, loading, and control release of cargos in addition to their site-specific targeting and delivery of drug or cargo molecules to cellular systems.

scholarly journals Boosting the Brain Delivery of Atazanavir through Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Based Approach for Mitigating NeuroAIDS

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Saif Ahmad Khan ◽  
Saleha Rehman ◽  
Bushra Nabi ◽  
Ashif Iqubal ◽  
Nida Nehal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Brain Delivery ◽  
The Brain

Atazanavir (ATZ) presents poor brain availability when administered orally, which poses a major hurdle in its use as an effective therapy for the management of NeuroAIDS. The utilization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in conjunction with the premeditated use of excipients can be a potential approach for overcoming the limited ATZ brain delivery. Methods: ATZ-loaded NLC was formulated using the quality by design-enabled approach and further optimized by employing the Box–Behnken design. The optimized nanoformulation was then characterized for several in vitro and in vivo assessments. Results: The optimized NLC showed small particle size of 227.6 ± 5.4 nm, high entrapment efficiency (71.09% ± 5.84%) and high drug loading capacity (8.12% ± 2.7%). The release pattern was observed to be biphasic exhibiting fast release (60%) during the initial 2 h, then trailed by the sustained release. ATZ-NLC demonstrated a 2.36-fold increase in the cumulative drug permeated across the rat intestine as compared to suspension. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed 2.75-folds greater Cmax in the brain and 4-fold improvement in brain bioavailability signifying the superiority of NLC formulation over drug suspension. Conclusion: Thus, NLC could be a promising avenue for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs and delivering it to their target site. The results suggested that increase in bioavailability and brain-targeted delivery by NLC, in all plausibility, help in improving the therapeutic prospects of atazanavir.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF TELMISARTAN INCORPORATED IN CARBOXYMETHYLCHITOSAN FOR THE BETTER DRUG DELIVERY AND ENHANCED BIOAVAILABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Upasana Yadav ◽  
Angshuman Ray Chowdhuri ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽  
Nuzhat Husain ◽  
Qamar Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bioavailability Enhancement ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Efficient Option

  Objective: In this study, we have made an attempt to the developed formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) of telmisartan (TLM) incorporated in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for the better drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability.Materials and Methods: The NPs size and morphology were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The crystal structures and surface functional groups were analyzed using X-ray diffraction pattern, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively.Results: To increase the solubility of TLM by targeted delivery of the drug through polymeric NPs is an alternative efficient, option for increasing the solubility. TLM nanosuspension powders were successfully formulated for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of the drug. We focused on evaluating the influence of particle size and crystalline state on the in vitro and in vivo performance of TLM.Conclusion: In summary, we have developed a new approach toward the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug TLM by CMCS NPs. The particles having a good drug loading content and drug encapsulation efficiency. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs is also very less.

Hierarchical construction of a mechanically stable peptide–graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel for drug delivery and pulsatile triggered release in vivo

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Wu ◽  
Aiping Chen ◽  
Meng Qin ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Guang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
On Demand

A peptide–graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel that possesses high stability and drug-sustainability was engineered for on-demand drug control release.

Enhanced Anti-tumor Activity of Drug through pH-Triggered Release and Dual Targeting by Calcium Phosphate-Covered Mesoporous Silica Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xixue Hu ◽  
Shubin Jin ◽  
Xing-Jie Liang ◽  
Xiaowei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Dual Targeting ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Rapid release and clearance of antitumor drugs in vivo are the main factors to evade the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs are the most pressing...

Liposomes as colloidal nanovehicles: on the road to success in intravenous drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Naeem ◽  
Geetha Viswanathan ◽  
Misni Bin Misran
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

AbstractThe advancement of research in colloidal systems has led to the increased application of this technology in more effective and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology enables control over functionality parameters and allows innovations in biodegradable, biocompatible, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. The first closed bilayer phospholipid system, the liposome system, has been making steady progress over five decades of extensive research and has been efficient in achieving many desirable parameters such as remote drug loading, size-controlling measures, longer circulation half-lives, and triggered release. Liposome-mediated drug delivery has been successful in overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake of drugs with improved biodistributionin vitroandin vivo. These colloidal nanovehicles have moved on from a mere concept to clinical applications in various drug delivery systems for antifungal, antibiotic, and anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Antineoplastic Drug Loading and Delivery

Medicines ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Petrella ◽  
Isabella Rimoldi ◽  
Stefania Rizzo ◽  
Lorenzo Spaggiari
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Neoplastic Cells

Mesenchymal stromal cells are a population of undifferentiated multipotent adult cells possessing extensive self-renewal properties and the potential to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal lineage cells. They express broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity on the immune system and after transplantation can interact with the surrounding microenvironment, promoting tissue healing and regeneration. For this reason, mesenchymal stromal cells have been widely used in regenerative medicine, both in preclinical and clinical settings. Another clinical application of mesenchymal stromal cells is the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to neoplastic cells, maximizing the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and minimizing collateral damage to non-neoplastic tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells are home to the stroma of several primary and metastatic neoplasms and hence can be used as vectors for targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs to the tumour microenvironment, thereby reducing systemic toxicity and maximizing antitumour effects. Paclitaxel and gemcitabine are the chemotherapeutic drugs best loaded by mesenchymal stromal cells and delivered to neoplastic cells, whereas other agents, like pemetrexed, are not internalized by mesenchymal stromal cells and therefore are not suitable for advanced antineoplastic therapy. This review focuses on the state of the art of advanced antineoplastic cell therapy and its future perspectives, emphasizing in vitro and in vivo preclinical results and future clinical applications.

Fabrication of self-assembled folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles as co-carrier of doxorubicin and siRNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangping Li ◽  
Ruisong Tao ◽  
Mingming Song ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Kuanmin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles ◽  
Self Assembled

In this paper, the starch was firstly modified by quaternary reagent to obtain cationic starch. Then self-assembled folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were prepared by a one-pot synthesis via N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide/4-dimethylaminopyridine-mediated esterification reaction. The physicochemical properties of the prepared folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were characterized. The average diameter of folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles was 109 nm with polydispersity index of 0.183 and zeta potential of 28.59 mV. The folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were used as co-carrier of siRNA and doxorubicin with satisfactory drug loading capacity (6.98%) and encapsulation efficiency (69.66 %), and siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated at 40/1 weight ratio of doxorubicin/folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles to siRNA. The folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles could effectively protect siRNA from degradation of serum RNAase for up to 48 h. The release characteristics of doxorubicin and siRNA from folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were studied in different pH environment and the release behaviors of two drugs were all pH sensitive. The folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles as a potential co-carrier of anticancer agents and gene drugs was expected to achieve future practical application in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Improving Release of Liposome-Encapsulated Drugs with Focused Ultrasound and Vaporizable Droplet-Liposome Nanoclusters

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Arvin Honari ◽  
Darrah A. Merillat ◽  
Aditi Bellary ◽  
Mohammadaref Ghaderi ◽  
Shashank R. Sirsi
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Droplet Surface ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs

Active targeted delivery of small molecule drugs is becoming increasingly important in personalized therapies, especially in cancer, brain disorders, and a wide variety of other diseases. However, effective means of spatial targeting and delivering high drug payloads in vivo are still lacking. Focused ultrasound combined with superheated phase-shift nanodroplets, which vaporize into microbubbles using heat and sound, are rapidly becoming a popular strategy for targeted drug delivery. Focused ultrasound can target deep tissue with excellent spatial precision and without using ionizing energy, thus can activate nanodroplets in circulation. One of the main limitations of this technology has been poor drug loading in the droplet core or the shell material. To address this need, we have developed a strategy to combine low-boiling point decafluorabutane and octafluoropropane (DFB and OFP) nanodroplets with drug-loaded liposomes, creating phase-changeable droplet-liposome clusters (PDLCs). We demonstrate a facile method of assembling submicron PDLCs with high drug-loading capacity on the droplet surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chemical tethering of liposomes in PDLCs enables a rapid release of their encapsulated cargo upon acoustic activation (>60% using OFP-based PDLCs). Rapid uncaging of small molecule drugs would make them immediately bioavailable in target tissue or promote better penetration in local tissue following intravascular release. PDLCs developed in this study can be used to deliver a wide variety of liposome-encapsulated therapeutics or imaging agents for multi-modal imaging applications. We also outline a strategy to deliver a surrogate encapsulated drug, fluorescein, to tumors in vivo using focused ultrasound energy and PDLCs.

scholarly journals Exosomes Derived from Nanocomplex-Loaded Macrophages for Targeted Delivery of Docetaxel and siPLK1 against Castrate-Resistance Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tian ◽  
Zongguang Tai ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zhongjian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Abstract Background. As a class of naturally occurring nanoparticles with low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility, exosomes have become a promising drug carrier for cancer therapy. However, their clinical applications remain a challenge due to their unsuitable donors, low scalability, as well as insufficient targeting ability. Here, we describe and validate a new strategy for drug loading into exosomes. We developed a folate-conjugated exosome (Co-Exo-FA) derived from nanocomplex-loaded Raw264.7 macrophages. This Co-Exo-FA containing docetaxel (DTX) and PLK1 siRNA (siPLK1) could be used for targeted therapy of castrate-resistance prostate cancer (CRPC).Results. Our results showed that Co-Exo-FA exhibited high stability, enhanced cancer targeting ability, and led to the suppression of tumor growth with reduced toxicity in vivo. Moreover, the delivery of siPLK1 and DTX using an exosome system effectively silenced the PLK1 gene and exhibited improved anticancer effects.Conclusion. Our results indicated that we managed to overcome major barriers to the efficient utility of exosomes and demonstrated the synergistic efficacy of siPLK1 and DTX in the treatment of CRPC, highlighting their potential value in therapeutic clinical applications.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Gold and Iron Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Beenish Khanzada ◽  
Nosheen Akthar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Hammad Ismail ◽  
Mohammed Alqarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ficus Microcarpa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nanotechnology has vast applications in almost all fields of science and technology. The use of medicinal plants for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has gained much attention nowadays. In the current research work, six medicinal plants were used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques including UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the activities of green synthesized nanoparticles were screened in vitro using, for example, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and DNA protection assays. Both FeNPs and AuNPs had spherical shapes with an average size less than 50 nm and were found to have good antimicrobial and nontoxic effects. Furthermore, FeNPs from Ficus microcarpa demonstrated high drug loading efficiency (65%) as compared to an anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac potassium, DFP). We also evaluated the drug delivery potential, as well as anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, of nanoparticles in vivo. Interestingly, AuNPs of Syzygium cumini exhibited strong anti-inflammatory potential as compared to DFP and diclofenac-loaded FeNPs of Ficus microcarpa. The results suggest potential pharmacological applications of biogenic synthesized AuNPs and FeNPs which can be explored further. The study revealed that the green synthesized AuNPs and FeNPs provide a promising approach for the synthesis of drug-loaded nanoparticles and consequently in the field of targeted drug delivery.

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